Development and Characterization of Thirteen Microsatellite Markers for the Longbill Spearfish (Tetrapturus pfluegeri)

The longbill spearfish (Tetrapturus pfluegeri; Istiophoridae) is an epipelagic billfish species broadly distributed in the Atlantic Ocean and exploited by multinational fisheries. No data exist on the population structure or genetic diversity of this apex predator, despite a strong need for this information to inform international conservation and management efforts. Thirteen microsatellite loci, comprising mostly tri- and tetra-nucleotide repeats, were isolated and characterized for this species by genotyping individuals (n = 29–42) obtained from western North and South Atlantic fisheries. The average number of alleles ranged from 3 to 16 and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.35 to 0.86. This suite of markers provides the first population genetic nuclear resources for the longbill spearfish, allowing initiation of studies for assessing the population structure and demography of this poorly understood species

The acinetobacter baumannii SOS gene ddrR is crucial for prophage maintenance and induction

Acinetobacter baumannii, considered a number one priority pathogen by WHO, is threatening hospitals due to its high ability to acquire antibiotic resistance. We have recently shown that mobile elements, such as prophages, are highly prevalent and encode several fitness/virulence-related genes, suggesting that they may serve as vectors for the spread of virulence. Here, we want to understand how stress factors influence the prophage behavior and disclose the role of the unique SOS response system, umuDAb and ddrR, in prophage induction. First, the A. baumannii ATCC 17978 strain was subjected to different sub-mic concentrations of mitomycin C (MMC), H O , and ciprofloxacin (cip), followed by incubation, RNA extraction and qRT-PCR analysis. After verifying the prophage behavior under these stress conditions, a ddrR knockout mutant was engineered using CRISPR-Cas9 to assess its influence on prophage expression. As expected, all conditions triggered an SOS response in the type strain as well as prophage induction, as both the ddrR and umuDAb genes, and the cro and capsid genes were overexpressed. Different levels of induction were observed between the conditions tested. For example, prophage induction was lower when challenged with cip than with MMC. In terms of growth curves, we observed that the ddrR mutant grew at faster than the type strain. Curiously, when challenged with MMC, the type strain showed significantly decreased CFUs in contrast to the ddrR mutant strain. Our findings show that each stress condition leads to different levels of prophage responses and that some can increase the fitness/virulence expression without detrimental effects on the host. The SOS gene ddrR is important for prophage induction and, consequently, its absence contributes to the bacterial robustness during growth. In conclusion, it is important to understand how prophages are affected by host genes under different stresses to improve antimicrobial efficacy.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

COEDUCAÇÃO INTERGERACIONAL E EDUCAÇÃO POPULAR: revisão crítica sobre uma relação dialético-dialógica

Este artigo realiza a proposta dialética e dialógica na perspectiva da coeducação entre as gerações e da educação popular. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, exploratório-descritivo, do tipo revisão crítica de literatura, que visa analisar as relações existentes entre esses dois processos na contemporaneidade. Busca-se refletir sobre a potência social transformadora das interações geracionais e evoca-se a necessidade de investimentos para alcançar a convivência intergeracional em prol da coeducação efetiva, sinalizando a importância da mediação como um meio de solução consensual de conflitos apto para (re)estabelecer a comunicação nas relações intra e intergeracionais e multiculturais, em consonância com a proposta pedagógica freiriana. Inferiu-se que a educação popular é uma abordagem com potencial para impulsionar a coeducação intergeracional e romper com a segregação societária de grupos geracionais, ao passo que a mediação de conflitos é uma ferramenta social privilegiada para qualificação do diálogo, favorecendo a integração dos sujeitos de múltiplas gerações e culturas em prol da aprendizagem ao longo da vida

Broad Geographic Distribution of Roundscale Spearfish (Tetrapturus georgii) (Teleostei, Istiophoridae) in the Atlantic Revealed by DNA Analysis: Implications for White Marlin and Roundscale Spearfish Management

The recent validation of the roundscale spearfish (Tetrapturus georgii) within the western North Atlantic has introduced new complexities in the management of the overfished white marlin (Kajikia albida) in this region due to historical and contemporary misidentification between the two morphologically similar species. Compounding the management challenge for white marlin, which is currently assessed as a single Atlantic-wide stock, is an unclear picture of the extent of the roundscale spearfish\u27s overall Atlantic distribution. By using genetic tools (mitochondrial DNA ND4L-ND4 locus sequences) for species identification, we confirm that the roundscale spearfish has a much broader distribution than previously known, including the central North Atlantic and much of the western South Atlantic to at least 28°52′S. This much wider Atlantic distribution of the roundscale spearfish sympatric with its morphologically similar congeners, the white marlin and longbill spearfish (Tetrapturus pfluegeri), raises further management complexities: it increases the geographic scale for species misidentification in catch records that form the basis for stock assessments and uncertainty in currently accepted white marlin biological parameters. Additional vigilance in obtaining accurate species identification by improved fishery onboard observer training and incorporation of genetic tools is recommended for informing management of white marlin, longbill spearfish and roundscale spearfish throughout the Atlantic

Prolonged caffeine intake decreases alveolar bone damage induced by bingelike ethanol consumption in adolescent female rats

Ethanol consumption has been reported to negatively impact on periodontal disease. In particular, oral cavity disorders occur upon ethanol exposure during adolescence, a life period associated with particular patterns of short and intense (‘binge-like’) ethanol consumption that is most deleterious to oral health. The hazardous central effects of ethanol have been linked to the overfunction of adenosine receptors, which are antagonized by caffeine, a bioactive substance present in numerous natural nutrients, which can also modify bone metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of caffeine on alveolar bone damage induced by an ethanol binge drinking paradigm during adolescence. Female Wistar rats (35 days old; n = 30) were allocated to six groups: control (vehicle), ethanol (3 g/kg/day; 3 days On-4 days Off challenge), caffeine (10 mg/kg/day), caffeine plus ethanol, SCH58261 (0.1 mg/kg/day, an antagonist of A2A receptors), and SCH58261 plus ethanol. Bone micromorphology and vertical bone loss were analyzed by computed microtomography. Our data showed that ethanol binge drinking reduced alveolar bone quality, with repercussion on alveolar bone size. This ethanolinduced alveolar bone deterioration was abrogated upon treatment with caffeine, but not with SCH58261. This shows that caffeine prevented the periodontal disorder caused by ethanol binge drinking during adolescence, an effect that was not mediated by adenosine A2A receptor blockad

A novel linkage map of sugarcane with evidence for clustering of retrotransposon-based markers

The development of sugarcane as a sustainable crop has unlimited applications. The crop is one of the most economically viable for renewable energy production, and CO2 balance. Linkage maps are valuable tools for understanding genetic and genomic organization, particularly in sugarcane due to its complex polyploid genome of multispecific origins. The overall objective of our study was to construct a novel sugarcane linkage map, compiling AFLP and EST-SSR markers, and to generate data on the distribution of markers anchored to sequences of scIvana_1, a complete sugarcane transposable element, and member of the Copia superfamily. The mapping population parents (‘IAC66-6’ and ‘TUC71-7’) contributed equally to polymorphisms, independent of marker type, and generated markers that were distributed into nearly the same number of co-segregation groups (or CGs). Bi-parentally inherited alleles provided the integration of 19 CGs. The marker number per CG ranged from two to 39. The total map length was 4,843.19 cM, with a marker density of 8.87 cM. Markers were assembled into 92 CGs that ranged in length from 1.14 to 404.72 cM, with an estimated average length of 52.64 cM. The greatest distance between two adjacent markers was 48.25 cM. The scIvana_1-based markers (56) were positioned on 21 CGs, but were not regularly distributed. Interestingly, the distance between adjacent scIvana_1-based markers was less than 5 cM, and was observed on five CGs, suggesting a clustered organization. Results indicated the use of a NBS-profiling technique was efficient to develop retrotransposon-based markers in sugarcane. The simultaneous maximum-likelihood estimates of linkage and linkage phase based strategies confirmed the suitability of its approach to estimate linkage, and construct the linkage map. Interestingly, using our genetic data it was possible to calculate the number of retrotransposon scIvana_1 (~60) copies in the sugarcane genome, confirming previously reported molecular results. In addition, this research possibly will have indirect implications in crop economics e.g., productivity enhancement via QTL studies, as the mapping population parents differ in response to an important fungal disease13CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPnão temnão tem2010/51708-

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

práticas artísticas no ensino básico e secundário

Educação Artística: integrar a inovação. A educação artística apresenta-se como um território a re-cartografar, numa atualização tão rápida quanto aquela que ocorre no campo artístico. As propostas publicadas neste número 11 da Revista Matéria-Prima trazem essa diversidade de abordagens, com novidades conceptuais que estabelecem as devidas relações entre educação e cidadania, participação, sustentabilidade, cultura visual, e também com alguma atenção sobre os debates pós-coloniais e as questões de género. Os 16 artigos reunidos neste 11º número da Revista Matéria-Prima trazem a realidade operativa quer na formação de professores e quer na formulação dos discursos pedagógicos, suas justificações e suas propostas alternativas.As propostas apresentadas devolvem o debate ao terreno, e alargam-no. Provocam as periferias, convocam abordagens diferenciadas sobre o tema da arte e da educação. Em todas elas a proposta de crescimento através da arte, que hoje implica cada vez mais cidadania, crítica, criatividade, interligação, comprometimento, participação.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio