Eficiência de biossólidos na produção de azevém baseado no conteúdo de nitrogênio

Biossólidos têm sido citados como capazes de aumentar a produção de culturas e suprir nutrientes para plantas. Questões sanitárias e ambientais demandam que eles sejam estabilizados para que sejam usados na agricultura. Os efeitos dos processos de estabilização sobre as propriedades agronômicas de biossólidos não são completamente conhecidos, apesar de essenciais para o seu manejo. Baseado em um modelo equivalente à equação de Mitscherlich, este trabalho avaliou os efeitos dos processos mais comuns para a estabilização de lodos de esgotos (compostagem, caleação, secagem térmica e irradiação solar) sobre a eficiência agronômica de biossólidos na produção de Lolium perenne L. em um Esposossolo Carbico órtico arenoso e um Latossolo Vermelho perférrico argiloso, usando NH4H2PO4 como referência. Os processos de estabilização afetaram a eficiência agronômica do lodo de esgoto, sendo freqüentemente mais alta que o tratamento com NH4H2PO4 em um solo arenoso, e mais baixa que a referência em um solo argiloso. O lodo irradiado por sol mostrou a mais alta eficiência agronômica entre os biossólidos testados nos dois solos, e o azevém alcançou a produção de pico com a menor dose de aplicação. Os biossólidos puderam substituir fertilizantes e produzir mais matéria seca que o NH4H2PO4, a depender do tipo de biossólido e do solo.Biosolids have been reported to increase yields and supply plant nutrients. However, complying with health and environmental standards is necessary before applying biosolids to land. Thus, sludge stabilization is required to make biosolids safe enough for their agricultural use. Side effects of stabilization processes on agronomic features of sewage sludge are not quite known, although their understanding is essential for biosolids management. Based on a model equivalent to the Mitscherlich equation, effects of the most common processes for sludge stabilization were evaluated (composting, liming, heat-drying and solar irradiation) in relation to the agronomic effectiveness of biosolids to yield Lolium perenne L. on two tropical soils, with NH4H2PO4 as a reference. Sewage stabilization processes have affected the ability of biosolids to promote plant growth. Their effectiveness was usually higher than fertilizer in a Spodosol and lower in an Oxisol. Solar-irradiated sludge presented the highest effectiveness among the biosolids and reached peak yields at the lowest application rate independent on soil type. Biosolids could efficiently substitute fertilizers and even yield more plant dry matter than the NH4H2PO4 reference, depending on the biosolid and soil type

Mineralization of five biosolids in two tropical soils

This work aimed to evaluate mineralization rates of the five most common biosolids (digested sludge, composted sludge, limed sludge, heat-dried sludge, and solar-irradiated sludge) when incubated to two tropical soils - a Spodosol and an Oxisol soil. Fresh sludge and stabilized biosolids were mixed with soil samples at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 dry t biosolids/ha and incubated at 25oC in a high humidity chamber (95% air moisture), at 12 hours light/day, during 23 weeks for a non-leaching experiment. Results have showed that all the stabilization processes altered the capacity of the fresh sludge to release mineral-N. Except solar-irradiated sludge, the stabilization processes hindered the release and accumulation of mineral-N in soils. Composting and CaO-liming were the processes that most reduced the release of mineral-N. Mineralization rates and mineral-N release from biosolids were always higher in the Ferrosol compared to Spodosol soil

1-(2-Furo­yl)-3-(o-tol­yl)thio­urea

The title compound, C13H12N2O2S, was synthesized from furoyl isothio­cyanate and o-toluidine in dry acetone. The thio­urea group is in the thio­amide form. The central thio­urea fragment makes dihedral angles of 2.6 (1) and 22.4 (1)° with the ketofuran group and the benzene ring, respectively. The mol­ecular structure is stabilized by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. In the crystal structure, centrosymmetrically related mol­ecules are linked by a pair of N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds to form a dimer with an R 2 2(6) ring motif

N-(2-Furylcarbon­yl)piperidine-1-carbo­thio­amide

The title compound, C11H14N2O2S, was synthesized from furoyl isothio­cyanate and piperidine in dry acetone. The thio­urea group is in the thio­amide form. The thio­urea group makes a dihedral angle of 53.9 (1)° with the furan carbonyl group. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked by inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming one-dimensional chains along the c axis. An intramolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond is also present

1-Furoyl-3-[3-(trifluoro­meth­yl)phen­yl]thio­urea

The title compound, C13H9F3N2O2S, crystallizes with two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. The central thio­urea core is roughly coplanar with the furan and benzene rings, showing O—C—N—C(S) torsion angles of 2.3 (4) and −11.4 (2)° and (S)C—N—C—C torsion angles of −2.4 (4) and −28.8 (4)°, respectively, in the two independent mol­ecules. The trans–cis geometry of the thio­urea fragment is stabilized by an intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond between the H atom of the cis thio­amide and the carbonyl O atom. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds form centrosymmetric dimers extending along the b axis

1-(2-Furo­yl)-3-(1-naphth­yl)thio­urea

In the title compound, C16H12N2O2S, the carbonyl­thio­urea group forms dihedral angles of 75.4 (1) and 13.1 (2)°, respectively, with the naphthalene ring system and furan ring. The mol­ecule adopts a trans–cis configuration with respect to the positions of the furoyl and naphthyl groups relative to the S atom across the thio­urea C—N bonds. This geometry is stabilized by an N—H⋯·O intra­molecular hydrogen bond. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked by N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds, forming centrosymmetric dimers which are inter­linked through C—H⋯π inter­actions

Elucidation of chiral Recognition mechanism of alpha-amino acids using ligand exchange high performance liquid chromatography

Ligand exchange HPLC technique was applied to resolve chiral separation of aliphatic side chain aminoacid racemates. Chiral selector was copper L-phenylalaninate (II) and the results showed the elution of D enantiomer followed by L form. Considering the 3-point interaction concept, a mechanism of chiral recognition was proposed, in which no change of configuration would follow the formation of pseudo-homochiral and heterochiral complexes. To prove the reliability of this mechanism, the trans configuration of homochiral complex had to be more stable than the cis form, which was confirmed by DFT-B3LYP calculation in gas phase. The infrared frequencies were also calculated and the comparison with the subtracted and deconvoluted spectrum of the in-solution complex also pointed to the presence of the trans diasteroisomer

Enhancing Network Slicing Architectures with Machine Learning, Security, Sustainability and Experimental Networks Integration

Network Slicing (NS) is an essential technique extensively used in 5G networks computing strategies, mobile edge computing, mobile cloud computing, and verticals like the Internet of Vehicles and industrial IoT, among others. NS is foreseen as one of the leading enablers for 6G futuristic and highly demanding applications since it allows the optimization and customization of scarce and disputed resources among dynamic, demanding clients with highly distinct application requirements. Various standardization organizations, like 3GPP's proposal for new generation networks and state-of-the-art 5G/6G research projects, are proposing new NS architectures. However, new NS architectures have to deal with an extensive range of requirements that inherently result in having NS architecture proposals typically fulfilling the needs of specific sets of domains with commonalities. The Slicing Future Internet Infrastructures (SFI2) architecture proposal explores the gap resulting from the diversity of NS architectures target domains by proposing a new NS reference architecture with a defined focus on integrating experimental networks and enhancing the NS architecture with Machine Learning (ML) native optimizations, energy-efficient slicing, and slicing-tailored security functionalities. The SFI2 architectural main contribution includes the utilization of the slice-as-a-service paradigm for end-to-end orchestration of resources across multi-domains and multi-technology experimental networks. In addition, the SFI2 reference architecture instantiations will enhance the multi-domain and multi-technology integrated experimental network deployment with native ML optimization, energy-efficient aware slicing, and slicing-tailored security functionalities for the practical domain.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figure

Comprehensive evaluation of stool-based diagnostic methods and benzimidazole resistance markers to assess drug efficacy and detect the emergence of anthelmintic resistance : a Starworms study protocol

Background : To work towards reaching the WHO goal of eliminating soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections as a public health problem, the total number of children receiving anthelmintic drugs has strongly increased over the past few years. However, as drug pressure levels rise, the development of anthelmintic drug resistance (AR) is more and more likely to appear. Currently, any global surveillance system to monitor drug efficacy and the emergence of possible AR is lacking. Consequently, it remains unclear to what extent the efficacy of drugs may have dropped and whether AR is already present. The overall aim of this study is to recommend the best diagnostic methods to monitor drug efficacy and molecular markers to assess the emergence of AR in STH control programs. Methods : A series of drug efficacy trials will be performed in four STH endemic countries with varying drug pressure (Ethiopia and Brazil: low drug pressure, Lao PDR: moderate drug pressure and Tanzania: high drug pressure). These trials are designed to assess the efficacy of a single oral dose of 400 mg albendazole (ALB) against STH infections in school-aged children (SAC) by microscopic (duplicate Kato-Katz thick smear, Mini-FLOTAC and FECPAK(G2)) and molecular stool-based diagnostic methods (quantitative PCR (qPCR)). Data will be collected on the cost of the materials used, as well as the time required to prepare and examine stool samples for the different diagnostic methods. Following qPCR, DNA samples will also be submitted for pyrosequencing to assess the presence and prevalence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the beta-tubulin gene. These SNPs are known to be linked to AR in animal STHs. Discussion : The results obtained by these trials will provide robust evidence regarding the cost-efficiency and diagnostic performance of the different stool-based diagnostic methods for the assessment of drug efficacy in control programs. The assessment of associations between the frequency of SNPs in the beta-tubulin gene and the history of drug pressure and drug efficacy will allow the validation of these SNPs as a marker for AR in human STHs