Estándares internacionales de justicia juvenil

La justicia juvenil, aplicable a menores de dieciocho años, es una justicia específica y diferenciada de la justicia aplicable a los adultos, y para las Organizaciones Internacionales (Naciones Unidas, Organización de Estados Americanos, Consejo de Europa, Unión Europea) debe ser una justicia restaurativa, que pone el acento en la reparación del daño causado a la víctima, frente a la tradicional justicia distributiva, basada en el castigo al ofensor. Para que una justicia juvenil de tales características sea eficaz, las Organizaciones Internacionales consideran necesario que los Estados apliquen unos estándares internacionales (orientaciones comunes en forma de tipo, modelo, norma, patrón, nivel o referencia), extraídos de la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño y demás normas, reglas y directrices que dichas Organizaciones han emitido. En este TFG formulamos y analizamos veiticinco de esos estándares y los clasificamos en cuatro grupos según se refieran a la prevención de la delincuencia, al proceso judicial, a las medidas sancionadoras y alternativas o a la reinserción social de los menores infractores de la ley.Grado en Criminologí

Model predictive control techniques for hybrid systems

This paper describes the main issues encountered when applying model predictive control to hybrid processes. Hybrid model predictive control (HMPC) is a research field non-fully developed with many open challenges. The paper describes some of the techniques proposed by the research community to overcome the main problems encountered. Issues related to the stability and the solution of the optimization problem are also discussed. The paper ends by describing the results of a benchmark exercise in which several HMPC schemes were applied to a solar air conditioning plant.Ministerio de Eduación y Ciencia DPI2007-66718-C04-01Ministerio de Eduación y Ciencia DPI2008-0581

Min–max MPC using a tractable QP problem

Min–max model predictive controllers (MMMPC) suffer from a great computational burden that is often circumvented by using approximate solutions or upper bounds of the worst possible case of a performance index. This paper proposes a computationally efficient MMMPC control strategy in which a close approximation of the solution of the min–max problem is computed using a quadratic programming problem. The overall computational burden is much lower than that of the min–max problem and the resulting control is shown to have a guaranteed stability. A simulation example is given in the paper

Min-Max MPC based on a computationally efficient upper bound of the worst case cost

Min-Max MPC (MMMPC) controllers [P.J. Campo, M. Morari, Robust model predictive control, in: Proc. American Control Conference, June 10–12, 1987, pp. 1021–1026] suffer from a great computational burden which limits their applicability in the industry. Sometimes upper bounds of the worst possible case of a performance index have been used to reduce the computational burden. This paper proposes a computationally efficient MMMPC control strategy in which the worst case cost is approximated by an upper bound based on a diagonalization scheme. The upper bound can be computed with O(n3) operations and using only simple matrix operations. This implies that the algorithm can be coded easily even in non-mathematical oriented programming languages such as those found in industrial embedded control hardware. A simulation example is given in the paper

Min-max model predictive control as a quadratic program

This paper deals with the implementation of min-max model predictive control for constrained linear systems with bounded additive uncertainties and quadratic cost functions. This type of controller has been shown to be a continuous piecewise affine function of the state vector by geometrical methods. However, no algorithm for computing the explicit solution has been given. In this paper, we show that the min-max optimization problem can be expressed as a multi-parametric quadratic program, and so, the explicit form of the controller may be determined by standard multi-parametric techniques

Prueba de habilidades prácticas CCNA.

Prueba de habilidades prácticas CCNA.El presente trabajo corresponde al desarrollo de la prueba de habilidades prácticas del diplomado de profundización CCNA, el cual contiene dos escenarios los cuales ponen en práctica las competencias y habilidades adquiridas a lo largo del curso en aspectos relacionados al networking. Para ello se muestran los procesos de documentación de la solución dada en cada escenario, correspondiente al registro de la configuración de cada uno de los dispositivos, la descripción detallada del paso a paso de cada una de las etapas realizadas durante el desarrollo, así como también el registro de los procesos de verificación de conectividad mediante comando como ping, show iproute, show vlan, además de otros.The present work corresponds to the development of the practical skills test of the CCNA deepening diploma, which contains two scenarios which put into practice the competences and skills acquired throughout the course in aspects related to networking. To do this, the documentation processes of the solution given in each scenario are shown, corresponding to the configuration record of each of the devices, the detailed step-by-step description of each of the stages carried out during the development, as well as the registration of connectivity verification processes using commands such as ping, show iproute, show vlan, and others

Box 4. The pass-through of higher natural gas prices to inflation in the euro area and in Spain

Artículo de revistaThis early-release box was published on 30 Septembe

8T SRAM Cell with Open Defects under Voltage and Timing Variations

Postprint (published version

Asphalt solar collectors: A literature review

Asphalt pavements subject to solar radiation can reach high temperatures causing not only environmental problems such as the heat island effect on cities but also structural damage due to rutting or hardening as a result of thermal cycles. Asphalt solar collectors are doubly effective active systems: as they solve the previously mentioned problems and, moreover, they can harness energy to be used in different applications. The main findings of the existing research on asphalt solar collectors are gathered together in this review paper. Firstly, the main heat transfer mechanisms involved in the solar energy collection process are identified and the most important parameters and variables are presented. After analyzing the theoretical foundations of the heat transfer process, this review focuses on the types of studies carried out so far on asphalt’s thermal behavior, different methodologies employed by other authors to study asphalt solar collectors and influence of the variables involved in thermal energy harvesting