Determinación de los umbrales de audición en la población española: Patrones de normalidad de la totalidad del espectro auditivo humano

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Cirugía. Fecha de lectura: 30-06-201

The economic exiles. The new Spanish emigration to Ecuador (2008-2015)

El artículo analiza la emigración española a Ecuador entre 2008 y 2015, con los objetivos de definir el perfil del nuevo emigrante español a Ecuador, conocer las causas de su emigración, detectar los problemas iniciales de su proceso migratorio, identificar las condiciones de su situación actual y conocer sus expectativas de futuro. Para ello se ha utilizado una estrategia metodológica mixta, cuantitativa y cualitativa, combinando la investigación de primer y segundo orden. Hemos concluido que estos emigrantes son jóvenes altamente cualificados, expulsados de España por la crisis y atraídos a Ecuador por el gobierno con la intención de contribuyan al cambio de su matriz productiva; en este sentido, Ecuador les ofrece oportunidades de adquirir experiencia laboral y están ocupando empleos cualificados que la mano obra nacional menos cualificada no puede ocupar. No han encontrado especiales dificultades en su proceso migratorio, se encuentran bastante satisfechos con su experiencia y entre sus expectativas predomina la idea de volver a España o de reemigrar.The article analyzes the Spanish emigration to Ecuador between 2008 and 2015, with the proposal of defining the profile of the new Spanish emigrants to Ecuador, knowing the causes of their migration, identifying initial problems of migration process, identifying the conditions of their current situation and meeting their future expectations. We use a mixed quantitative and qualitative methodological strategy, combining first and second order research. We have concluded that these emigrants are highly skilled young people, expelled from Spain by the crisis and attracted to Ecuador by the government with the purpose of contributing to the change in its productive matrix; in this sense, Ecuador offers them opportunities to gain work experience and they occupy vacant qualified jobs that Ecuadorian less skilled labor force cannot occupy. They have not encountered any particular difficulties in their migration process, are satisfied with their experience and the ideas of returning to Spain or re-emigrating prevail between their expectations

A method to correct nasal valve dysfunction

El colapso valvular es una causa común de obstrucción respiratoria. Presentamos el caso clínico de una mujer de 62 años con obstrucción nasal derecha. En la exploración física se observó la existencia de una estenosis de vávula nasal de predominio derecho. Se realizó la corrección quirúrgica de la misma mediante la suspensión valvular con hilos de sutura, utilizando una variación de la técnica de Paniello, obteniendo resultados satisfactorios desde la finalización de la cirugía. Proponiéndose esta técnica como una alternativa inicial a los diferentes métodos de corrección quirúrgica existentes hasta el momentoThe nasal alar collapse is a common cause of respiratory obstruction. We report the case of 62 years woman with right nasal obstruction. Physical examination reveals the existence of nasal valve stenosis with right predominance. Surgical correction is performed by the valve suspension with surgical thread, using a variation of the Paniello´s technique, obtaining satisfactory results from the completion of surgery. This technique is proposed as an alternative to the different surgical techniques existing to dat

Audiometría con extensión en altas frecuencias (9.000-20.000 Hz): Utilidad en el diagnóstico audiológico

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Acta Otorrinolaringológica 67.1 (2016): 40-44, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otorri.2015.02.002Early detection and appropriate treatment of hearing loss are essential to minimise the consequences of hearing loss. In addition to conventional audiometry (125-8,000 Hz), extended high-frequency audiometry (9,000-20,000 Hz) is available. This type of audiometry may be useful in early diagnosis of hearing loss in certain conditions, such as the ototoxic effect of cisplatin-based treatment, noise exposure or oral misunderstanding, especially in noisy environments. Eleven examples are shown in which extended high-frequency audiometry has been useful in early detection of hearing loss, despite the subject having a normal conventional audiometry. The goal of the present paper was to highlight the importance of the extended high-frequency audiometry examination for it to become a standard tool in routine audiological examinations.La detección precoz y el tratamiento adecuado de la hipoacusia es fundamental para minimizar las consecuencias de la pérdida auditiva. Además de la audiometría convencional (125-8.000 Hz), disponemos de la audiometría con extensión en altas frecuencias (9.000-20.000 Hz), que puede ser de gran utilidad en el diagnóstico precoz de hipoacusia en ciertas patologías, como es el efecto ototóxico de los tratamientos quimioterápicos, la exposición a ruido o el mal entendimiento del lenguaje, especialmente en ambientes ruidosos. Aquí se presentan 11 casos clínicos en los que la audiometría con extensión en altas frecuencias ha ayudado en la detección precoz de la hipoacusia en diversas patologías, a pesar de tener una audiometría normal en frecuencias convencionales. Se pretende así destacar la importancia de la exploración audiométrica en altas frecuencias, con el fin de que se convierta en una herramienta habitual en la exploración audiológic

Upconversion and Optical Nanothermometry in LaGdO3: Er3+ Nanocrystals in the RT-900 K Range

This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Projects Nos. MAT2015-69508-P and PGC2018-101464-B-I00), the European Research Council (Ref. NCLas H2020-EU829161), and BSH Electrodomésticos España, S.A

Exploiting optical properties of nanopolycrystalline diamond in high pressure experiments

We investigated the optical properties (absorption, luminescence and Raman spectra) of nanopolycrystalline diamond (NPD) aiming at exploring its capabilities as a pressure sensor and as a pressure-cell anvil for combined X-ray/neutron and optical studies. Notably, we analysed the Raman peak shift and broadening with pressure using a Moissanite Anvil Cell (MAC). The results are compared with those obtained in a DAC, where Raman signals from NPD chips and diamond anvils strongly overlap. Its pressure behaviour in the hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic regimes were investigated. We showed that the nanopolycrystalline structure induces remarkable differences in the peak shift and broadening between NPD and natural type IIa single-crystal diamond, making NPD suitable as pressure gauge for pressure determination and testing hydrostaticity of pressure transmitting medium.Financial support from Projects MAT2015-69508-P; PGC2018-101464-B-I00 and MALTA -Consolider Team RED2018-102612-T (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades) is acknowledged

Origin of the piezochromism in Cs2CuCl4: Electron-phonon and crystal-structure correlations

By using optical absorption and Raman spectroscopy, we have investigated the effects of pressure in the structural, electronic, and vibrational properties of Cs2CuCl4 in the 0?20 GPa range. Our study has provided a complete characterization of the electronic and vibrational structures of Cs2CuCl4 in the low-pressure Pnma phase as a function of cell volume and the Cu-Cl bond length, RCu-Cl. We have focused on the electronic structure in the Pnma phase, which is mainly related to the tetrahedral CuCl2?4 units distorted by the Jahn-Teller effect. The strong piezochromism of Cs2CuCl4 is caused by the opposite shift of the charge-transfer band gap and the Cu2+ d-d crystal-field transitions with pressure. The high-pressure structure of Cs2CuCl4 above 4.9 GPa yields structural transformations that we ascribe to a change of coordination around Cu2+. The high-pressure phase appears largely amorphized, therefore any structural information from x-ray diffraction is ruled out. Here we use electronic and vibrational probes to get inside the structural information.Financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (MAT2015-69508-P) and MALTA-CONSOLIDER (MAT2015-71010REDC)

Hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI). Morgagni – Stewart – Morel (MSM) syndrome

La hiperostosis frontal interna (HFI) se caracteriza por un engrosamiento bilateral y simétrico de la tabla interna del hueso frontal, con una prevalencia del 5-12% en la población general. La HFI ha sido descrita como una condición independiente y como parte del síndrome de Morgagni-Stewart-Morel. Se considera que puede ser el resultado de un desequilibrio hormonal, principalmente asociado al metabolismo. La HFI es generalmente un hallazgo incidental, y aunque suele ser asintomático, a veces puede causar síntomas clínicosHFI is characterized by a bilaterally symmetrical thickening of the inner table of frontal bone. It has been reported in 5 to 12% of the general population. HFI has been postulate to be an independent condition or part of the Morgagni-Stewart-Morel. It is considered a result of a disbalance of hormones mainly linked to metabolism. HFI is usually an asymptomatic incidental finding, although sometimes it can cause clinical symptom

Reversibility of the zinc-blende to rock-salt phase transition in cadmium sulfide nanocrystals

CdS nanoparticles prepared by a mechanochemical reaction in a planetary ball mill have been investigated by x-ray diffraction, optical absorption, and Raman scattering under high pressure conditions up to 11 GPa. The zinc-blende (ZB) to rock-salt phase transition is observed around 6 GPa in all experiments, the transition pressure being similar to the one measured in CdS colloidal nanocrystals, and much higher than in bulk (around 3 GPa). The direct optical energy gap in ZB-CdS increases with pressure, and suddenly drops when the pressure is raised above 6 GPa, according to the high-pressure indirect-gap behavior. A linear blue-shift of the CdS Raman spectra is observed upon increasing pressure. Both Raman and x-ray diffraction studies indicate that the phase transition has a large hysteresis, making the ZB phase barely recoverable at ambient conditions. Cell parameters and bulk modulus measured in CdS nanoparticles clearly show that the nanoparticles at ambient conditions are subject to an initial pressure in comparison to CdS bulk.This work was financially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Projects MAT2008-06873-C02-01/MAT, MAT2011-28868-C02-01 and CTQ2009-14596-C02-01), the Comunidad de Madrid and European Social Fund (Project S2009/PPQ-1551 4161893 (QUIMAPRES)), and the MALTA-Consolider Ingenio 2010 (Reference CSD2007-00045). R.M.-R. thanks the Spanish MEC for a FPI research grant (Reference BES-2006-13359). The expert assistance of L. Rodríguez at the SERTEM is gratefully acknowledged