Chapter Distribution Diagrams and Graphical Methods to Determine or to Use the Stoichiometric Coefficients of Acid-Base and Complexation Reactions

Computer networking & communication

Estudio de prefactibilidad para la instalación de una planta de vegetales cortados y desinfectados en el distrito de Trujillo

RESUMEN El presente estudio de pre factibilidad propone la instalación de una empresa dedicada al procesamiento y comercialización de vegetales cortados, dirigido al mercado de restaurantes de 1, 2, 3, 4 y 5 tenedores de los distritos de Trujillo y Víctor Larco Herrera. Según se observan los indicadores, el proyecto es viable desde la óptica financiera y económica, al generar excedentes del orden de los 373,902 nuevos soles y 352,800 nuevos soles, económicos y financieros, respectivamente. El retorno de la inversión llega a ser 32.77% desde la óptica del inversionista (TIRE) y 41.19% desde la óptica mixta inversionista-prestamista (TIRF); ambos superiores al costo de oportunidad de capital (9.63%) y al costo promedio ponderado de capital (11.22%). La inversión total llega a recuperarse en 04 años y 01 mes de operaciones. Esto gracias a la fortaleza del proyecto, que introduce un producto innovador al mercado: vegetales cortados mínimamente procesados para restaurantes, lavados y desinfectados, y puesto en la puerta del cliente (delivery). Por todo ello, se recomienda la implementación de este negocio.ABSTRACT The present pre feasibility study proposes the installation of a company dedicated to processing and marketing vegetables, aimed to the market of restaurants in the districts of Trujillo and Victor Larco Herrera. According to indicators can be seen, the project is viable from the financial and the economical point of view, to generate surpluses of 373,902 and 352,800 new soles, Economic and financial, respectively. The return on investment becomes 32.77% from the point of view of the investor (pull) and 41.19% from the mixed optic Investor - lender (TIRF); both superior to the opportunity cost of capital (9.63%) and the weighted average cost of capital (11.22%). The total investment reaches to recover in 04 years and 01 month of operations. Thanks to the strength of the project, this introduces an innovative product to market: minimally processed cut vegetables for restaurants, washed and disinfected, and placed in the customer’s door (delivery). Therefore, we recommend the implementation of this business

The Conditions Needed for a Buffer to Set the pH in a System

It is a known fact that buffer systems are widely used in industry and in diverse laboratories to maintain the pH of a system within desired limits, occasionally narrow. Hence, the aim of the present work is to study the buffer capacity and buffer efficacy in order to determine the useful conditions to impose the pH on a given system. This study is based on the electroneutrality and component balance equations for a mixture of protons polyreceptors. The added volume equations were established, V, for strong acids or bases, as well as the buffer capacity equations with dilution effect, β dil, and the buffer efficacy, ε, considering that the analyte contains a mixture of the species of the same polyacid system or of various polyacid systems. The ε index is introduced to define the performance of a buffer solution and to find out for certain, whether the buffer is adequate or not to set the pH of a system, given the proper conditions and characteristics

Encefalocele fronto-nasal. Presentación de un caso

El encefalocele es una herniación del tejido cerebral a través de un defecto congénito o adquirido del cráneo. El congénito se debe a un defecto del tubo neural atribuido a una interacción de varios genes y factores ambientales. El encefalocele anterior es una entidad poco frecuente, su incidencia varía según el área geográfica. Se presenta el caso de un recién nacido con tumoración que protruía en la región fronto-nasal con una formación polipoidea central pediculada, además de la presencia de labio leporino bilateral y fisura palatina. Tras la interconsulta con neurocirugía, se decidió la intervención quirúrgica. Resulta interesante la presentación del caso dada la poca frecuencia con que se presenta esta entidad

INTERNET DE LAS COSAS (IoT), UNA ALTERNATIVA PARA EL CUIDADO DEL AGUA (INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT), AN ALTERNATIVE FOR THE CARE OF WATER)

ResumenDesde que Arquímedes inventó su tornillo para trasladar el agua cuesta arriba y los romanos construyeron sus acueductos, el ser humano ha intentado manipular el recurso más apreciado de la tierra mediante el uso de la tecnología. Muchos han soñado con hacer que los desiertos florezcan. Ahora, con la población mundial superando los siete mil millones y la demanda de agua en niveles sin precedentes, las nuevas tecnologías están ayudando a hacer uso más inteligente de este recurso natural esencial para la vida. En la producción agrícola, el riego es fundamental para una cosecha exitosa, pues la aplicación de agua durante el desarrollo del cultivo influye en su rendimiento y calidad de los frutos. Los vegetales están compuestos entre un 80 y 95% de agua. Por eso son tan susceptibles a retrasar su madurez y reducir su rendimiento cuando el daño por falta de agua ocurre al principio de su desarrollo o afectar su calidad cuando padecen estrés hídrico en las últimas etapas de desarrollo. Los métodos tradicionales empleados en la agricultura de precisión, generan grandes pérdidas para los agricultores. En el presente artículo se describe el diseño, elaboración e implementación de un sistema de riego empleando hardware y software libre, sensores, actuadores, telefonía móvil y servidores web, con el fin de crear un ambiente apropiado para que el Internet de las Cosas (IoT) y la Agricultura de Precisión ofrezcan al usuario una plataforma amigable para el monitoreo y control del riego en un invernadero inteligente.Palabra(s) Clave: Arduino, Agricultura de precisión, Internet de las cosas, Sensores. AbstractSince Archimedes invented his screw to move the water uphill and the Romans built their aqueducts, the human being has tried to manipulate the most appreciated resource on earth through the use of technology. Many have dreamed of making deserts flourish. Now, with the world population exceeding seven billion and the demand for water at unprecedented levels, new technologies are helping to make smarter use of this essential natural resource for life. In the agricultural production, the irrigation is fundamental for a successful harvest, because the application of water during the development of the crop influences in his performance and quality of the fruit. The vegetables are composed between 80 and 95% of water. That is why they are so susceptible to delaying their maturity and reducing their yield when damage due to lack of water occurs at the beginning of their development or affect their quality when they suffer water stress in the later stages of development. The traditional methods used in precision agriculture generate large losses for farmers. This article describes the design, development and implementation of an irrigation system using hardware and free software, sensors, actuators, mobile telephony and web servers, in order to create an appropriate environment for the Internet of Things (IoT) and Precision Agriculture offer the user a friendly platform for the monitoring and control of irrigation in a smart greenhouse.Keywords: Arduino, Internet of Things, Precision Farming, Sensors

Complementario para la asignatura Servicios de Información

A study was done at the Medical Sciences faculty of Guantánamo, with the objective of developing teaching materials that provide students with basic knowledges and skills in implementing and designing services of excellence that made from the needs and requirements of potential users of different institutions. Through observation, it was found insufficient literatures in libraries and information centers CITMA, Guantanamo Pedagogical Institute and bibliographical searching related to Internet. Se realiza un estudio en la Filial de Ciencias Médicas de Guantánamo, con el objetivo de elaborar un material didáctico que proporcione a los estudiantes los conocimientos básicos y el desarrollo de habilidades en la implementación y diseño de servicios de excelencia, que realizan a partir de las necesidades y requerimientos de los usuarios potenciales de su institución. A través de la observación se pudo constatar la insuficiente y dispersa bibliografía en Centros de Información y bibliotecas del CITMA, Instituto Superior Pedagógico de Guantánamo y búsquedas bibliográficas en Internet

Accurate Identification of ALK Positive Lung Carcinoma Patients: Novel FDA-Cleared Automated Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Scanning System and Ultrasensitive Immunohistochemistry

Background: Based on the excellent results of the clinical trials with ALK-inhibitors, the importance of accurately identifying ALK positive lung cancer has never been greater. However, there are increasing number of recent publications addressing discordances between FISH and IHC. The controversy is further fuelled by the different regulatory approvals. This situation prompted us to investigate two ALK IHC antibodies (using a novel ultrasensitive detection-amplification kit) and an automated ALK FISH scanning system (FDA-cleared) in a series of non-small cell lung cancer tumor samples. Methods: Forty-seven ALK FISH-positive and 56 ALK FISH-negative NSCLC samples were studied. All specimens were screened for ALK expression by two IHC antibodies (clone 5A4 from Novocastra and clone D5F3 from Ventana) and for ALK rearrangement by FISH (Vysis ALK FISH break-apart kit), which was automatically captured and scored by using Bioview's automated scanning system. Results: All positive cases with the IHC antibodies were FISH-positive. There was only one IHC-negative case with both antibodies which showed a FISH-positive result. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the IHC in comparison with FISH were 98% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions: The specificity of these ultrasensitive IHC assays may obviate the need for FISH confirmation in positive IHC cases. However, the likelihood of false negative IHC results strengthens the case for FISH testing, at least in some situation

Compromising between European and US allergen immunotherapy schools: Discussions from GUIMIT, the Mexican immunotherapy guidelines

Background: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has a longstanding history and still remains the only disease-changing treatment for allergic rhinitis and asthma. Over the years 2 different schools have developed their strategies: the United States (US) and the European. Allergen extracts available in these regions are adapted to local practice. In other parts of the world, extracts from both regions and local ones are commercialized, as in Mexico. Here, local experts developed a national AIT guideline (GUIMIT 2019) searching for compromises between both schools. Methods: Using ADAPTE methodology for transculturizing guidelines and AGREE-II for evaluating guideline quality, GUIMIT selected 3 high-quality Main Reference Guidelines (MRGs): the European Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (EAACI) guideines, the S2k guideline of various German-speaking medical societies (2014), and the US Practice Parameters on Allergen Immunotherapy 2011. We formulated clinical questions and based responses on the fused evidence available in the MRGs, combined with local possibilities, patient's preference, and costs. We came across several issues on which the MRGs disagreed. These are presented here along with arguments of GUIMIT members to resolve them. GUIMIT (for a complete English version, see Supplementary data) concluded the following: Results: Related to the diagnosis of IgE-mediated respiratory allergy, apart from skin prick testing complementary tests (challenges, in vitro testing and molecular such as species-specific allergens) might be useful in selected cases to inform AIT composition. AIT is indicated in allergic rhinitis and suggested in allergic asthma (once controlled) and IgE-mediated atopic dermatitis. Concerning the correct subcutaneous AIT dose for compounding vials according to the US school: dosing tables and formula are given; up to 4 non-related allergens can be mixed, refraining from mixing high with low protease extracts. When using European extracts: the manufacturer's indications should be followed; in multi-allergic patients 2 simultaneous injections can be given (100% consensus); mixing is discouraged. In Mexico only allergoid tablets are available; based on doses used in all sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) publications referenced in MRGs, GUIMIT suggests a probable effective dose related to subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) might be: 50–200% of the monthly SCIT dose given daily, maximum mixing 4 allergens. Also, a table with practical suggestions on non-evidence-existing issues, developed with a simplified Delphi method, is added. Finally, dissemination and implementation of guidelines is briefly discussed, explaining how we used online tools for this in Mexico. Conclusions: Countries where European and American AIT extracts are available should adjust AIT according to which school is followed

IL-6 serum levels predict severity and response to tocilizumab in COVID-19: An observational study

Background: Patients with coronavirus disaese 2019 (COVID-19) can develop a cytokine release syndrome that eventually leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Because IL-6 is a relevant cytokine in acute respiratory distress syndrome, the blockade of its receptor with tocilizumab (TCZ) could reduce mortality and/or morbidity in severe COVID-19. Objective: We sought to determine whether baseline IL-6 serum levels can predict the need for IMV and the response to TCZ. Methods: A retrospective observational study was performed in hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Clinical information and laboratory findings, including IL-6 levels, were collected approximately 3 and 9 days after admission to be matched with preadministration and postadministration of TCZ. Multivariable logistic and linear regressions and survival analysis were performed depending on outcomes: need for IMV, evolution of arterial oxygen tension/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio, or mortality. Results: One hundred forty-six patients were studied, predominantly males (66%); median age was 63 years. Forty-four patients (30%) required IMV, and 58 patients (40%) received treatment with TCZ. IL-6 levels greater than 30 pg/mL was the best predictor for IMV (odds ratio, 7.1; P < .001). Early administration of TCZ was associated with improvement in oxygenation (arterial oxygen tension/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio) in patients with high IL-6 (P = .048). Patients with high IL-6 not treated with TCZ showed high mortality (hazard ratio, 4.6; P = .003), as well as those with low IL-6 treated with TCZ (hazard ratio, 3.6; P = .016). No relevant serious adverse events were observed in TCZ-treated patients. Conclusions: Baseline IL-6 greater than 30 pg/mL predicts IMV requirement in patients with COVID-19 and contributes to establish an adequate indication for TCZ administrationThis study was funded by Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant nos. RD16/0011/0012 and PI18/ 0371 to I.G.A., grant no. PI19/00549 to A.A., and grant no. SAF2017-82886-R to F.S.-M.) and co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund. The study was also funded by ‘‘La Caixa Banking Foundation’’ (grant no. HR17-00016 to F.S.-M.) and ‘‘Fondos Supera COVID19’’ by Banco de Santander and CRUE. None of these sponsors have had any role in study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publicatio