Energies renovables i ajuts d’Estat: tot el poder per a la Comissió? Comentari a la STJUE de 10 de maig de 2016, Assumpte T-47/15, ‘Alemanya c. Comissió’

Els estats membres de la Unió Europea han dissenyat, al llarg dels darrers quinze anys, polítiques actives de foment de les energies renovables. Determinar si aquestes mesures constitueixen o no un ajut atribuïble a l’Estat és decisiu per saber si la Comissió Europea ha d’autoritzar aquesta mesura. La sentència que comentem culmina una evolució jurisprudencial tendent a incloure cada cop més mesures sota el control de la Comissió

Determination of Volcanic Plume Three-Dimensional Structure Using CHRIS/PROBA-1 Multiangular Imagery: Case Study of Mount Etna

The recent development of Earth observation satellites with multiangular capabilities and enhanced spectral resolution has led to preliminary attempts at determining the height of atmospheric scatterers, in particular, of top-cloud heights and smoke plumes originating from forest fires. Inspired by these previous studies, the present work presents an original methodology for the determination of the three-dimensional distribution of high-contrast atmospheric aerosols using multiangular images. The method starts with the approximately known geometry of image acquisition and a set of tie points and uses a linearized and regularized functional model to obtain the position of atmospheric scatterers identified by means of a semiassisted procedure on two or more images. A subsequent application to a CHRIS/PROBA-1 scene of Mount Etna following its eruption on June 14, 2014, allows determining the volcanic plume three-dimensional structure with a precision in the 100–200 m level

Compound orbits break-up in constituents: an algorithm

In this paper decomposition of periodic orbits in bifurcation diagrams are derived in unidimensional dynamics system $x_{n+1}=f(x_{n};r)$, being $f$ an unimodal function. We proof a theorem which states the necessary and sufficient conditions for the break-up of compound orbits in their simpler constituents. A corollary to this theorem provides an algorithm for the computation of those orbits. This process closes the theoretical framework initiated in (Physica D, 239:1135--1146, 2010)

Non-extensive radiobiology

The expression of survival factors for radiation damaged cells is based on probabilistic assumptions and experimentally fitted for each tumor, radiation and conditions. Here we show how the simplest of these radiobiological models can be derived from the maximum entropy principle of the classical Boltzmann-Gibbs expression. We extend this derivation using the Tsallis entropy and a cutoff hypothesis, motivated by clinical observations. A generalization of the exponential, the logarithm and the product to a non-extensive framework, provides a simple formula for the survival fraction corresponding to the application of several radiation doses on a living tissue. The obtained expression shows a remarkable agreement with the experimental data found in the literature, also providing a new interpretation of some of the parameters introduced anew. It is also shown how the presented formalism may has direct application in radiotherapy treatment optimization through the definition of the potential effect difference, simply calculated between the tumour and the surrounding tissue.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure. Sent to MaxEnt 2010. To be submitted for publicatio

A Nonlinear Technical Indicator Selection Approach for Stock Markets. Application to the Chinese Stock Market

In this paper we present a combinatorial nonlinear technical indicator approach for the identification of appropriate combinations of stock technical indicators as inputs in non-linear models. This approach is illustrated with the example of Chinese stock indexes and 35 different stock technical indicators using neural networks as the chosen non-linear method. Stock market technical indicators can generate contradictory signals regarding the future performance of the stock analyzed. Furthermore, some non-linear methods, such as neural networks, can have poor generalization power when dealing with problems of high dimensionality due to the issue of local minima. Therefore, non-linear approaches that can identify appropriate combinations of input variables are of clear importance. It will be shown that the proposed approach, when using neural networks as classifiers, generates error rates lower than those using directly neural networks without dimensionality reduction. It will also be shown that merely increasing the number of neurons does not increase the accuracy. The approach proposed in this article is illustrated with an application to the stock market using neural networks but it could be applied to other fields and it can also be used with other non-linear techniques such as for instance support vector machines.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación PID2019-106212RB-C41

Enhancing FoG detection by means of postural context using a waist accelerometer

Postprint (published version

Econofísica: En busca de un caballo perfectamente esférico y de masa despreciable

En este artículo, se analiza a través de símiles históricos el estado de la contribución de la Física a la Economía. Para ello se hace un repaso del modo de funcionamiento de la Física, o mejor dicho, del modo de proceder de los físicos. Ésta es la principal aportación de una ciencia a la otra: una forma diferente de aproximarse a los problemas complejos a los enfrenta la economía. En la discusión planteamos, de estos problemas, los que consideramos llevan a cabo mediante sistemas informatizados, y la necesidad de, llegado al grado de complejidad que tienen tanto la economía como la ciencia económica en la actualidad, una necesaria revolución en la forma de “mirar” de los economistas. Con ello proponemos que lo que se necesita en Economía es lo que tantas veces se ha buscado (y encontrado) en física: un modelo o una serie de modelos muy sencillos que capten, de manera totalmente nueva, la “esencia” del problema. Este modelo, el caballo esférico de masa despreciable, aunque erróneo (como los anteriores), será úti

“ADAPTACIONES ELECTROCARDIOGRÁFICAS Y EL CONSUMO MÁXIMO DE OXÍGENO EN UN EQUIPO DE JUGADORES PROFESIONALES DE FUTBOL ASOCIACIÓN, EVALUADOS A TRAVÉS DE UNA PRUEBA DE ESFUERZO. TOLUCA MÉXICO 2013”

El consumo máximo de oxígeno se considera como la mejor medición singular de la capacidad aeróbica, así como el mejor indicador de integridad del sistema cardiovascular. El entrenamiento sistemático genera cambios clínicos, electrocardiográficos, funcionales y morfológicos. OBJETIVO Analizar las adaptaciones electrocardiográficas y determinar el consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO₂Max) en un equipo de futbolistas profesionales

NON-VIRAL VECTORS FOR GENE THERAPY BASED ON CHOLESTERIC LIQUID-CRYSTAL POLYMERS. STRUCTURE ANALYSIS BY SAXS.

Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Polymers (ChLCP), synthetized in our laboratory through a stereoselective polycondensation reaction1 as multifunctional optically active materials, have been extensively characterized 2 by NMR, Raman spectroscopy, steady-state fluorescence, molecular modeling, and SAXS/WAXS. These ChLCP behave both as thermotropic and lyotropic, confering interesting macromolecular properties indicative of potential application on the biomedical and engineering field. They have shown to be biocompatible against macrophages and fibroblasts cellular lines, and able to interact with biomacromolecules such as lipids (both neutral and cationi) and nucleic acids, the structures of the complexes being identified by synchrotron radiation source 3, 4, 5. Cationic liposomial/surfactant systems based on our CLCP were developed which entrapped DNA plasmids, acting as non viral cationic vectors for gene therapy, which successfully transfected in several tumor cell lines 6, 7. Cationic functionalized ChLCP have been synthesized, dispersed in TAE (0,04M TRIS; 0,001M EDTA) and complexed directly with commercial DNA of increasing complexity: [Poly-A]; [Poly-C]; [Poly-G]; [PolydT]; [PolyC-PolyG]; [PolyAC-PolydT]; commercial calf thymus DNA and plasmid. Three different proportions ChLCP:DNA were prepared: (1:2), (1:1), and (2:1) respectively by mixing and digesting for 12h in a swinging shaker. Neutron scattering experiments, had shown sufficient contrast (scattering length density difference) between new cholesteric PTOBEE-Ammonium (1.5 to 1.9 x 1010 /cm2) and polynucleotide [PolyC-PolyG] (3.32 x 1010 /cm2) for contrast variation SANS experiments. This experiment was successfully performed at NIST 8. The structure of the cationic complexes has been studied by SAXS at the BM16 beamline at ESRF, at room temperature. A monochromatized beam at = 0,9795 Å was used. Two-dimensional data recorded by an image-plate detector was placed at 5975 cm from the sample. The program Fit2D was employed to evaluate the beam centre position and to generate a mask file. Binary data are normalized by the detector response and pixels are radially averaged into 1D. Silver behenate (d= 58.3 Å) was used to calibrate the angular axis. Structural analysis of the cationic complexes is proposed.Peer reviewe

Structure of non-viral vectors based on cholesteric liquid-crystal polymers by SAXS

Cationic polymers, at physiological pH, are used to condense anionic nucleic acids, as healing agent, into nano-sized particle-like complexes called “polyplexes”, through self-assembly driven by electrostatic interactions. By compressing DNA molecules to a relatively small size, cellular internalization is facilitated and, thus, transfection efficacy is improved.New non-viral vector formulations are proposed for gene therapy.Cationic liquid-crystal polymers, synthetized as cholesteric and biocompatible, are directly complexed with polynucleotides of increasing complexity (both single and double stranded)or with two kinds of deoxyribonucleic acid (Plasmid PBR322 and calf-thymus DNA). Structural information of thepolyplexes is studied by SAXS at the BM16 beamline at ESRF.The radii of gyration (Rg) of the Cholesteric Liquid-Crystal Polymer aggregates and polyplexes suspended in TAE, have been calculated from the slope of the corresponding Guinier plots Ln (I) vs q2 (slope = Rg2/3). Information about the shape is estimated by plotting I(q) vs q*Rg.Fractal nature is also analyzed from Porod plots[Ln I(q)-B] vs Ln (q).The interaction between the new cationic cholesteric liquid-crystal polymers and oligonucleotides and DNA is confirmed in all the studied cases.Peer reviewe