La crisis de Las Carolinas.

Sin resume

El combate de Cavite: un hito decisivo en la pérdida de Filipinas en 1898

The battle of Cavite was decisive for the fate of the Philippines in 1898. Erroneous recurrent versions attribute the Spanish defeat to their old-fashioned vessels. Other versions, however, explain the North-american victory on the basis of arguments such as the decisive British logistic support which made possible the atack from Hong Kong; the moral and material erosion caused on the Spanish troops by the previous philippine insurrection; the tensions within the archipelago; serious mistakes as regards planification, and the sense of defeatism with which the Spanish high officers were seized.El combate de Cavite fue decisivo para el destino de las Filipinas en 1898. A las tan erróneas como repetidas versiones que atribuyen la derrota española a lo anticuado de sus buques, se contraponen otras, que explican el triunfo de la escuadra norteamericana por el decisivo apoyo logístico británico, que hizo posible el ataque desde Hong Kong, por el desgaste material y moral causado por la anterior insurrección filipina y la tensa situación del archipiélago, y por los graves errores de planificación y el derrotismo de los mandos españole

La crisis de Las Carolinas.

Sin resume

Synthesis, characterization and performance of robust poison-resistant ultrathin film yttria stabilized zirconia – nickel anodes for application in solid electrolyte fuel cells

We report on the synthesis of undoped ∼5 μm YSZ-Ni porous thin films prepared by reactive pulsed DC magnetron sputtering at an oblique angle of incidence. Pre-calcination of the amorphous unmodified precursor layers followed by reduction produces a film consisting of uniformly distributed tilted columnar aggregates having extensive three-phase boundaries and favorable gas diffusion characteristics. Similarly prepared films doped with 1.2 at.% Au are also porous and contain highly dispersed gold present as Ni-Au alloy particles whose surfaces are strongly enriched with Au. With hydrogen as fuel, the performance of the undoped thin film anodes is comparable to that of 10–20 times thicker typical commercial anodes. With a 1:1 steam/carbon feed, the un-doped anode cell current rapidly falls to zero after 60 h. In striking contrast, the initial performance of the Au-doped anode is much higher and remains unaffected after 170 h. Under deliberately harsh conditions the performance of the Au-doped anodes decreases progressively, almost certainly due to carbon deposition. Even so, the cell maintains some activity after 3 days operation in dramatic contrast with the un-doped anode, which stops working after only three hours of use. The implications and possible practical application of these findings are discussed.European Union 298300Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad MAT2013‐40852R, 201560E05

Eph/ephrin Signaling and Biology of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as important therapeutic agents, owing to their easy isolation and culture, and their remarkable immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. However, MSCs constitute a heterogeneous cell population which does not express specific cell markers and has important problems for in vivo homing, and factors regulating their survival, proliferation, and differentiation are largely unknown. Accordingly, in the present article, we review the current evidence on the relationships between Eph kinase receptors, their ephrin ligands, and MSCs. These molecules are involved in the adult homeostasis of numerous tissues, and we and other authors have demonstrated their expression in human and murine MSCs derived from both bone marrow and adipose tissue, as well as their involvement in the MSC biology. We extend these studies providing new results on the effects of Eph/ephrins in the differentiation and immunomodulatory properties of MSC

Colored semi-transparent Cu-Si oxide thin films prepared by magnetron sputtering

Colored semi-transparent Cu-Si oxide thin films have been prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering from a single cathode of copper-silicon composition. Thin films of different composition and optical response were obtained by changing process parameters like the relative amount of copper in the target and the O2/Ar mixture of the reactive plasma gas. The film characteristics were analyzed by several techniques. Their optical properties (refractive index, absorption coefficient, color) have been correlated with the process parameters used in the film preparation as well as with the film stoichiometry and chemistry.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación CEN-20072014, MAT2010-18447, MAT2010-21228, CSD2008–00023Junta de Andalucía P09-TEP5283, CTS-518

Relationship between bullying and emotional and social status among primary scholars

El bullying o acoso escolar entre iguales tiene una elevada prevalencia, manifestándose cada vez a edades más tempranas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue examinar la relación entre el bullying, el estatus social y la sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva en niños de 9 a 12 años. La muestra estuvo formada por niños pertenecientes a 10 aulas de cuarto a sexto curso de Educación Primaria. Se empleó el Test de Evaluación de la Agresividad entre Escolares (Bull-S) para examinar los perfiles de bullying y el estatus social de los niños, y la versión de 30 ítems de la Escala Revisada de Ansiedad y Depresión Infantil (RCADS-30) para evaluar síntomas emocionales. Los resultados revelaron que el 17.70% de los alumnos estaba directamente implicado en situaciones de bullying. Además se encontraron diferencias significativas en cuanto a las características de los perfiles de observadores u otros, agresores o acosadores, víctimas y víctimas-agresoras. Así, las víctimas presentaron mayores niveles de sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva, específicamente ansiedad por separación y depresión mayor. Estas puntuaciones fueron especialmente marcadas en las chicas respecto de los chicos. En cuanto al estatus social los sujetos agresores muestran puntuaciones significativamente mayores en las variables rechazo y expectativa de rechazo comparativamente con los sujetos observadores e, incluso, los sujetos víctimas. Estos datos señalan la necesidad de considerar el estatus sociométrico y la sintomatología emocional asociada a los diferentes roles del bullying en el diseño de programas de prevención escolar y la conveniencia del análisis de estas dinámicas desde la Educación Primaria.Bullying has a high prevalence and its presence is increasing in the young population. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between bullying, social status, and the anxiety and depression symptoms in children aged 9 to 12. The sample consisted of children from 10 classrooms of fourth to sixth grade level from primary schools. We assess aggressiveness among students (Bull-S Test) to examine the bullying profiles, the social status of children, and the 30-item version of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS-30) to assess emotional symptoms. The results revealed that 17.70% of the students were directly involved in bullying situations. Additionally, we found significant differences concerning the characteristics of the profiles of observers or others, bullies, victims, and bullies-victims. Thus, the victims presented higher levels of anxious and depressive symptoms, specifically separation anxiety and major depression. These scores were especially noteworthy for girls. Regarding social status, bullies show scores significantly higher in rejection and expectation of rejection compared to the observers and victims. These data indicate the need to consider the sociometric status and emotional symptomatology associated to the different roles of bullying in the design of school prevention programs and the convenience of the analysis of these dynamics from the early stage of primary school

Effects of psychological intervention in memory, learning ability and executive function of a young-adult with OCD

En las últimas décadas los estudios neuropsicológicos han hallado déficit para atención, memoria y función ejecutiva en sujetos con trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo. Del mismo, modo la literatura ha descrito los tratamientos más eficaces para disminuir la sintomatología obsesiva. Se han evidenciado cambios en el cerebro tras un tratamiento psicológico en el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo. En el presente estudio se evalúan los procesos neuropsicológicos y la sintomatología obsesivo-compulsiva tras seis meses de intervención psicológica en un joven-adulto con trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo. Los resultados muestran una mejora de los procesos cognitivos como la memoria verbal a corto y largo plazo, capacidad de aprendizaje, así como la función ejecutiva. Conclusiones: Este estudio obtiene resultados sobre los efectos de la intervención psicológica en los procesos neuropsicológicos. Futuros estudios deben incluir una muestra mayor de sujetos para ver los efectos neuropsicológicos de los diferentes tratamientos a largo plazo.In recent decades, studies have found neuropsychological deficit in attention, memory and executive function in subjects with obsessive-compulsive disorder. The same way the literature has described the most effective treatments to reduce obsessive symptoms. They have shown changes in the brain after a psychological treatment in obsessive-compulsive disorder. In the present study the neuropsychological processes and obsessive-compulsive symptoms after six months of psychological intervention in a young adult with obsessive-compulsive disorder are evaluated. The results show an improvement in cognitive processes such as verbal short and long term, learning ability and executive function memory. Conclusions: This study obtained results on the effects of psychological intervention on neuropsychological processes. Future studies should include a larger sample of subjects to see the neuropsychological effects of different treatments over time

Portable IR dye laser optofluidic microresonator as a temperature and chemical sensor

A compact and portable optofluidic microresonator has been fabricated and characterized. It is based on a Fabry-Perot microcavity consisting essentially of two tailored dichroic Bragg mirrors prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering deposition. The microresonator has been filled with an ethanol solution of Nile-Blue dye. Infrared laser emission has been measured with a pump threshold as low as 0.12 MW/cm2 and an external energy conversion efficiency of 41%. The application of the device as a temperature and a chemical sensor is demonstrated. Small temperature variations as well as small amount of water concentrations in the liquid laser medium are detected as a shift of the resonant laser modes.España Mineco MAT2013-40852-R MAT2013-46649-C4-4-PMALTA CSD2007-0045FUNCOAT MAT2015-69035-REDCEU-FEDER P12- FQM-2265 P10-FQM-690

Ultrastable CoxSiyOz Nanowires by Glancing Angle Deposition with Magnetron Sputtering as Novel Electrocatalyst for Water Oxidation

Cobalt is one of the most promising non‐noble metal as electrocatalyst for water oxidation. Herein, a highly stable silicon‐cobalt mixed oxide thin film with a porous columnar nanostructure is proposed as electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). CoOx and CoxSiyOz layers with similar thickness were fabricated at room temperature by magnetron sputtering in a glancing angle configuration (MS‐GLAD) on tin‐doped indium oxide (ITO) substrates. After characterization, a comparative study of the electrocatalytic performance for OER of both layers was carried out. The excellent long‐term stability as electrocatalyst for OER of the porous CoxSiyOz thin film demonstrates that the presence of silicon on the mixed oxide network increases the mechanical stability of the Si/Co layer, whilst maintaining a considerable electrocatalytic response