Effects of the behavioral activation in the life quality and emotional state for lung cancer patients

Objetivo: Desde un análisis contextual-funcional de los problemas/limitaciones del paciente oncológico, se valora el efecto en la calidad de vida y estado emocional de una intervención centrada en la Activación Conductual con enfermos de cáncer de pulmón durante el tratamiento oncológico.Método: 90 pacientes de reciente diagnóstico fueron asignados aleatoriamente a una condición experimental (G.E.: N=50) de 4 sesiones individuales orientadas a restablecer actividades relevantes, eliminar conductas de enfermedad y modificar el patrón de evitación experiencial; y a una condición control (G.C.: N=40) que ocupó el mismo número de sesiones en la evaluación de la calidad de vida sin ofrecer asesoramiento o tratamiento psicológico. Todos los participantes completaron, en cada sesión y en seguimiento trimestral, las escalas QLQ-C30, HAD, IK, EG y SP. Se empleó un diseño de medidas parcialmente repetidas. La evolución y tendencia de las variables se realizó mediante MLG y MLM. Resultados: Los participantes resultaron representativos de la población estudiada y no difirieron entre ellos en el pre-tratamiento. En ambos grupos se produjo una pérdida elevada de sujetos por hospitalización/fallecimiento. El G.E. mostró, a lo largo del tiempo, mejoría estadísticamente significativa (p<0,05) en todas las subescalas del QLQ-C30. En las subescalas HAD, se alcanzaron diferencias significativas entre grupos a favor del G.E (p<0,05). Los beneficios del G.E. se debilitaron en el seguimiento. El GC no experimentó cambios.Conclusiones: Se aportan evidencias del interés de los objetivos y procedimientos de Activación Conductual para mejorar, durante el tratamiento oncológico, la calidad de vida y estado emocional. Se señala la necesidad de indagar las características de los pacientes y/o de la intervención de las que depende su eficacia y eficiencia.Objective: Based on a functional-contextual analysis of the problems cancer patients have, the efficacy of Behavioral Activation Therapy for the prevention of emotional disorders and the promotion of life quality on lung cancer patients will be analyzed.Method: A total of 90 lung cancer patients were selected consecutively. Patients were randomly assigned to un experimental group (G.E.: N=50) where a specific protocol was designed to increase relevant activities and healthy behaviors, erasing disease behaviors previously learned and modifying the pattern of experiential avoidance; and a control group (G.C.: N=40) where life quality and psychosocial effects of both illness and treatment were assessed, without ever offering counseling or psychological treatment. Both conditions received a total of four individual one hour long treatment sessions in the hospital. Results were collected through standardized scales (IK, HADS, QLQ-C30, EG y SP) in each of the treatment sessions and during the three months follow-ups. The evolution and tendency of the variables was analyzed using MLG y MLM.Results: Participants, doe to their clinical and sociodemographic characteristics resulted a representative group of the population studied and did not differ between themselves in the pre-treatment. In both groups there was a loss of subjects produced by hospitalization / death. The comparison analysis inter and intra groups indicate that among participants, the G. E. showed, over time, statistically significant differences (p< 0.05) in all subscales of QLQ- C30 functioning. In the HAD subscales, significant differences between groups in favor of GE (p<0.05) were achieved. Improvements shown by the G.E. weakened during the follow-up.Conclusions: Behavioral Activation Therapy, during cancer treatment, improved life quality and emotional adjustment. The study indicates the need to investigate the characteristics of patients and/or intervention, as its effectiveness and efficiency depends on them

Impact of musculoskeletal pain on health-related quality of life among fishing sector workers

[Abstract] This study aims to determine the impact of musculoskeletal pain (in terms of intensity of the pain, location and functional disability due to back pain) and other factors (socio-demographic, lifestyle and co-morbidity) on the health-related quality of life on a group of shellfish gatherers. This observational transversal study included 929 shellfish gatherers (18–69 years, 98.7 % women) who completed a self-administered questionnaire, including socio-demographic and lifestyle questions, co-morbidity, intensity and location of musculoskeletal pain, and Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ). Health-related quality of life was assessed using the 36-item Short Form Survey (SF-36). Physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) of the SF-36 were considered as outcome variables. The impact of the different factors on the PCS and MCS scores was evaluated using a stepwise linear regression analysis. Physical health was found to be independently associated to intensity of musculoskeletal pain (regression coefficient, B = −0.96), number of locations with musculoskeletal pain (MSP) (B = −0.77), presence of pain in the hip-knee (B = −2.26), self-reported rheumatic disorders (B = −2.79), lower back pain (B = −1.62) and age (B = −0.06). Mental health was associated with the presence of self-reported depressive syndrome (B = −1043.1) and RMDQ score (B = −42.2). The sample had significantly lower values than the reference population in all of the dimensions of the SF-36. Intensity of the pain, pain in the hip-knee, lower back pain, functional disability due to back pain and number of locations with musculoskeletal pain were found to have a detrimental impact on the physical health of the workers. Depressive syndrome and greater functional disability due to back pain, in turn, predict worse mental health

Nuevas perspectivas en la orientación educativa al alumnado extranjero

Se pretende reflexionar en torno a la sociedad emergida caracterizada principalmente por el fenómeno migratorio así como por la llamada era de la comunicación e información y la respuesta educativa capaz de afrontar eficazmente las situaciones que generan; respuesta que debe ser liderada desde el campo de la orientación educativa. Analizamos los principios que deberán fundamentar actualmente la acción orientadora, fundamentalmente el de justicia social y el de comunicación e intercambio. En el aula, la orientación estará enmarcada por un modelo triádico, actuando en colaboración con el resto de agentes para lo que proponemos contextos propiciados por nuevos formatos de trabajo en el aula, especialmente por el desarrollo de aprendizaje cooperativo._____________________________We have tried to reflect around the emerged society that comes mainly characterized by the migratory phenomenon us well us be the call it was of the communication and information and the educative answer able to effectively confront the situations that they generate; answer that we are convinced ,must be led from the field of the educative direction. We contributed new principles that would have to protect the orientation action, the one of social justice and the one uf communication and interchange. We finalized proposing that one of the routes nails will come from the hand of new formats of work in the classroom, specially by the development of which it is denominated like cooperative learning

A hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin phase-field model for brittle fracture

Phase-field models for brittle fracture consider smeared representations of cracks, which are described by a continuous field that varies abruptly in the transition zone between unbroken and broken states. Computationally, meshes have to be fine locally near the crack to capture the solution. We present an HDG formulation for a quasi-static phase-field model, based on a staggered approach to solve the system. The use of HDG for this model is motivated by the suitability of the method for spatial adaptivity.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Relación entre la Inteligencia Emocional y Burnout en educadores no formales de personas con discapacidad

INTRODUCTION. The direct involvement of professionals who carry out their activity with people with Intellectual Disability can generate a high degree of stress and emotional exhaustion. The objective of this research was to evaluate the relationship between emotional intelligence and dispositional optimism in processes of professional Burnout. METHOD. One hundred forty-four subjects participated in this study, belonging to the Andalusian Association of Organizations in favor of people with Intellectual Disability (Spain). The following instruments were used: Life Orientation Test Revised, Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24 and Maslach Burnout Inventory. The reliability of the scores of each instrument (Cronbach’s alpha and Omega coefficient), correlation between the scores in each of the dimensions, an analysis of differences of means (Student’s t and ANOVA) based on the sociodemographic variables considered, is analyzed as well as a model of structural equations to determine the effects and relationships established by the different constructs under study. RESULTS. The results showed the positive relationship between some of the dimensions of burnout (emotional fatigue, personal fulfilment), emotional intelligence (repair) and dispositional optimism (p<.05). An analysis was performed using structural equations, concluding that the indicators with the greatest regression weight are the Burnout variables (depersonalization) and negatively (personal fulfillment). DISCUSSION. The discussion examines whether findings from the study follow the current trend in research conducted in this field. Among the main contributions of this investigation project is the fact that it is one of the first studies where Emotional Intelligence, Burnout and Dispositional Optimism in professionals of non-formal education of people with Intellectual Disabilities are included.INTRODUCCIÓN. La implicación directa de los profesionales que desarrollan su actividad con personas con Discapacidad Intelectual puede generar un alto grado de estrés y agotamiento emocional. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la relación entre inteligencia emocional y optimismo disposicional en procesos de Burnout profesional. MÉTODO. En este estudio participaron 144 sujetos, pertenecientes a la Asociación Andaluza de Organizaciones a favor de las personas con Discapacidad Intelectual (España). Se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos: Life Orientation Test Revised, Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24 y Maslach Burnout Inventory. Se analiza la fiabilidad de las puntuaciones de cada instrumento (alfa de Cronbach y coeficiente Omega), correlación entre las puntuaciones en cada una de las dimensiones, un análisis de diferencias de medias (t Student y ANOVA) en función de las variables sociodemográficas consideradas, así como un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales para determinar los efectos y relaciones establecidas por los diferentes constructos a estudio. RESULTADOS. Los resultados mostraron la relación positiva entre algunas de las dimensiones de burnout (cansancio emocional, realización personal), inteligencia emocional (reparación) y optimismo disposicional (p <.05). Se realizó un análisis mediante ecuaciones estructurales, concluyendo que los indicadores con mayor peso de regresión son las variables Burnout (despersonalización) y negativamente (realización personal). DISCUSIÓN. En la discusión del estudio se analiza cómo los resultados extraídos siguen la tendencia predominante en investigaciones realizadas en este campo. Una de las principales aportaciones de esta propuesta investigadora es ser uno de los primeros trabajos que analizan Inteligencia Emocional, Burnout y Optimismo disposicional en profesionales de la educación no formal de personas con Discapacidad Intelectual

A hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin phase-field model for brittle fracture with adaptive refinement

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Muixi, A.; Rodriguez-Ferran, A.; Fernandez, S. A hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin phase-field model for brittle fracture with adaptive refinement. "International journal for numerical methods in engineering", 30 Març 2020, vol. 121, núm. 6, p. 1147-1169, which has been published in final form at DOI: 10.1002/nme.6260. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.In this paper, we propose an adaptive refinement strategy for phase-field models of brittle fracture, which is based on a novel hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) formulation of the problem. The adaptive procedure considers standard elements and only one type of h-refined elements, dynamically located along the propagating cracks. Thanks to the weak imposition of interelement continuity in HDG methods, and in contrast with other existing adaptive approaches, hanging nodes or special transition elements are not needed, which simplifies the implementation. Various numerical experiments, including one branching test, show the accuracy, robustness, and applicability of the presented approach to quasistatic phase-field simulations.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Adaptive refinement for phase-field models of brittle fracture based on Nitsche's method

“This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Computational mechanics. The final authenticated version is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00466-020-01841-1”.A new adaptive refinement strategy for phase-field models of brittle fracture is proposed. The approach provides a computationally efficient solution to the high demand in spatial resolution of phase-field models. The strategy is based on considering two types of elements: h-refined elements along cracks, where more accuracy is needed to capture the solution, and standard elements in the rest of the domain. Continuity between adjacent elements of different type is imposed in weak form by means of Nitsche's method. The weakly imposition of continuity leads to a very local refinement in a simple way, for any degree of approximation and both in 2D and 3D. The performance of the strategy is assessed for several scenarios in the quasi-static regime, including coalescence and branching of cracks in 2D and a twisting crack in 3D.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

The relationship of gender, time orientation, and achieving self-regulated learning

The present study has three objectives: i) to test a theoretical model of academic achievement modulated by self-regulated learning; ii) to analyze significant differences between self-regulated learning means and time patterns depending on the gender of the participants; and iii) to identify self-regulated learning profiles toward academic achievement based on gender. The data were obtained from a sample of 192 university students in education degrees who were administered three instruments: a Future Time Orientation subscale by Zimbardo and Boyd, (1999); the 2x2 Achievement Goals Scale by Elliot and McGregor (2001), and a Learning Regulation subscale by Vermunt (1998). In addition, they answered a question about their mean grade point average up to that point in the academic degree studied. The results indicate a significant and positive relationship between the future time orientation, approach goals, and external regulation strategies. Significantly higher scores are observed in women than in men on key academic performance variables, although the effect size was not large. The gender differences are exclusively quantitative. In both groups, the characteristics of the learner profiles are somewhat similar, with no important differences observed for the gender condition. In general, avoidance goals and external regulation strategies can lead to success in academic achievement, as long as they are accompanied by a future orientation, internal regulation, and approach goals.The present study has three objectives: i) to test a theoretical model of academic achievement modulated by self-regulated learning; ii) to analyze significant differences between self-regulated learning means and time patterns depending on the gender of the participants; and iii) to identify self-regulated learning profiles toward academic achievement based on gender. The data were obtained from a sample of 192 university students in education degrees who were administered three instruments: a Future Time Orientation subscale by Zimbardo and Boyd, (1999); the 2x2 Achievement Goals Scale by Elliot and McGregor (2001), and a Learning Regulation subscale by Vermunt (1998). In addition, they answered a question about their mean grade point average up to that point in the academic degree studied. The results indicate a significant and positive relationship between the future time orientation, approach goals, and external regulation strategies. Significantly higher scores are observed in women than in men on key academic performance variables, although the effect size was not large. The gender differences are exclusively quantitative. In both groups, the characteristics of the learner profiles are somewhat similar, with no important differences observed for the gender condition. In general, avoidance goals and external regulation strategies can lead to success in academic achievement, as long as they are accompanied by a future orientation, internal regulation, and approach goals

Diagnosis contextualized for the transformation of mexican preschools in learning communities. Participation of family, teachers and community in the school.

Es necesario contar conocer la realidad específica de los contextos educativos para diseñar propuestas pertinentes de intervención que favorezcan la atención de la primera infancia con la participación de todos los actores educativos. Se analizaron las respuestas de familias, profesorado y autoridades obteniendo el grado de participación y disposición a colaborar en su centro educativo desde la perspectiva de las comunidades de aprendizaje. Los resultados muestran un mayor grado de disposición a colaborar en el centro educativo en los tres colectivos, que el grado de participación en las actividades escolares. Por tanto, concluimos que la discrepancia existente representa recursos no optimizados. Las líneas prioritarias de intervención son el proyecto escolar, el diálogo y actividades dentro y fuera del aulaThere is a need to know the specific reality of educational contexts relevant to design intervention proposals that promote early childhood care with the participation of all educational actors. Responses of families, teachers and authorities were analyzed to obtain the degree of participation and willingness to work in your school from the perspective of learning communities. The results show a greater willingness to work in the school in the three groups, the degree of participation in school activities. Therefore, we conclude that the discrepancy we represent resources not optimized. The priority areas of intervention are the school project, dialogue and activities in and outside the classroom.peerReviewe

Treating anxiety and depression of cancer survivors: Behavioral activation versus acceptance and commitment therapy

Resumen tomado de la publicaciónTratamiento de ansiedad y depresión en supervivientes de cáncer: activación conductual versus terapia de aceptación. Antecedentes: la activación conductual (AC) y la terapia de aceptación y compromiso (ACT) se plantean como tratamientos especialmente útiles para los problemas emocionales de los supervivientes de cáncer. Se evaluó y comparó la eficacia de ambas terapias aplicadas en formato grupal. Método: se analizaron los cambios pre-post tratamiento en el estado emocional y los patrones de activación/evitación de 52 supervivientes de cáncer con ansiedad y/o depresión que se asignaron aleatoriamente a tres grupos (AC/ACT/control de lista de espera). Resultados: ambas terapias fueron superiores al no tratamiento en todas las variables evaluadas. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre tratamientos a favor de la ACT en deterioro social y evitación/rumia. Conclusiones: la AC y la ACT, en formato grupal, son eficaces para el tratamiento de las dificultades emocionales más prevalentes en supervivientes de cáncer. Los resultados apuntan a la activación y la evitación como mecanismos responsables de los cambios.Universidad de Oviedo. Biblioteca de Psicología; Plaza Feijoo, s/n.; 33003 Oviedo; Tel. +34985104146; Fax +34985104126; [email protected]