Behavior of chile Pepper Húngaro (Capsicum annuum) in mixtures of vermicompost-sand under protected conditions

El trabajo se realizó para determinar la concentración óptima de la mezcla vermicompost:arena (VC:A; v:v) que satisfaga las necesidades nutricionales del cultivo de chile tipo Húngaro (Capsicum annum) bajo condiciones protegidas. Las mezclas evaluadas fueron cuatro combinaciones de VC:A con las relaciones 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1 y un testigo 0:1 (arena más solución nutritiva). Las variables evaluadas fueron altura de planta y diámetro basal del tallo, en el fruto longitud, diámetro ecuatorial, espesor del pericarpio, número de lóculos, peso y rendimiento. Se utilizó un diseño en bloques al azar con cinco repeticiones. Para determinar el efecto de los tratamientos sobre las variables evaluadas se aplicó el ANDEVA y para la comparación de medias se utilizó la prueba de Tukey0,05. Se determinó que para las variables evaluadas en el cultivo del chile como: altura de planta, diámetro basal del tallo, longitud del fruto, espesor del pericarpio, número de frutos por planta, peso de fruto y rendimiento, presentaron diferencias altamente significativas (P≤0,01) mientras que las variables diámetro ecuatorial y número de lóculos del fruto resultaron estadísticamente iguales. La relación 1:1 en volumen de VC:A resultó la mezcla más adecuada para el desarrollo del cultivo de chile tipo Húngaro bajo condiciones protegidas.Work was carried out to determine optimal concentration of the mixture vermicompost: sand (VC:S, by volume) which meets nutritional requirements of the cultivation of chile pepper type Hungaro (Capsicum annum) under protected conditions. The mixtures evaluated were four combinations of VC:S with ratios 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1 and a control 0:1 (sand with nutrient solution). The variables evaluated were plant height and basal stem diameter, in the fruit: length, equatorial diameter, pericarp thickness, number of locules, weight, and yield. The experimental design was of randomized blocks with five replications. Order to determine the treatment effects on the evaluated variables ANOVA was applied and averages were compared by the Tukey test(5%). It was established that of the variables evaluated en chile pepper as plant height, basal stem diameter, fruit length, pericarp thickness, fruit weight and yield had significant differences (P≤0.01), while equatorial diameter and number of locules did not show any statistical differences between treatments evaluated. The ratio of 1:1 by volume of VC:S was most appropriate mixture for development of chile pepper type Hungaro in protected conditions.Fil: Moreno Reséndez, Alejandro.Fil: Rodríguez Dimas, Norma.Fil: Reyes Carrillo, José Luis.Fil: Márquez Quiroz, César.Fil: Reyes González, Jovan

Comportamiento del Chile Húngaro (Capsicum annuum) en mezclas de vermicompost- arena bajo condiciones protegidas

Work was carried out to determine optimal concentration of the mixture vermicompost: sand (VC:S, by volume) which meets nutritional requirements of the cultivation of chile pepper type Hungaro (Capsicum annum) under protected conditions. The mixtures evaluated were four combinations of VC:S with ratios 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1 and a control 0:1 (sand with nutrient solution). The variables evaluated were plant height and basal stem diameter, in the fruit: length, equatorial diameter, pericarp thickness, number of locules, weight, and yield. The experimental design was of randomized blocks with five replications. Order to determine the treatment effects on the evaluated variables ANOVA was applied and averages were compared by the Tukey test(5%). It was established that of the variables evaluated en chile pepper as plant height, basal stem diameter, fruit length, pericarp thickness, fruit weight and yield had significant differences (P≤0.01), while equatorial diameter and number of locules did not show any statistical differences between treatments evaluated. The ratio of 1:1 by volume of VC:S was most appropriate mixture for development of chile pepper type Hungaro in protected conditions.El trabajo se realizó para determinar la concentración óptima de la mezcla vermicompost:arena (VC:A; v:v) que satisfaga las necesidades nutricionales del cultivo de chile tipo Húngaro (Capsicum annum) bajo condiciones protegidas. Las mezclas evaluadas fueron cuatro combinaciones de VC:A con las relaciones 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1 y un testigo 0:1 (arena más solución nutritiva). Las variables evaluadas fueron altura de planta y diámetro basal del tallo, en el fruto longitud, diámetro ecuatorial, espesor del pericarpio, número de lóculos, peso y rendimiento. Se utilizó un diseño en bloques al azar con cinco repeticiones. Para determinar el efecto de los tratamientos sobre las variables evaluadas se aplicó el ANDEVA y para la comparación de medias se utilizó la prueba de Tukey0,05. Se determinó que para las variables evaluadas en el cultivo del chile como: altura de planta, diámetro basal del tallo, longitud del fruto, espesor del pericarpio, número de frutos por planta, peso de fruto y rendimiento, presentaron diferencias altamente significativas (P≤0,01) mientras que las variables diámetro ecuatorial y número de lóculos del fruto resultaron estadísticamente iguales. La relación 1:1 en volumen de VC:A resultó la mezcla más adecuada para el desarrollo del cultivo de chile tipo Húngaro bajo condiciones protegidas

Growth and yield models for black beans under magnetization and pH variation in a greenhouse

Objective: To estimate growth and yield variations in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) treated with a magnetized nutrient solution considering two factors: magnet exposure time and pH level. The significance of this crop lies in its nutritional and economic value. Design/Methodology/Approach: We used a hydroponic system with magnetized Steiner nutrient solution. The design was completely randomized, with a 4 x 6 factorial treatment arrangement and three replications. Factor A comprised exposure times (0.333 hours, 2 hours, chronic, and without magnetization), while Factor B covered solutions with different pH levels (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8). We then applied a multiple regression analysis using the SAS software.   Results: Models for vegetative growth variables (plant height, root length, root dry weight, and foliar biomass) and seed yield components (number of pods, number of grains per pod) were statistically significant (p<0.0001). Coefficients of determination ranged from 59.7 % to 82 %, percentages considered appropriate to explain the observed variability. Study limitations/Implications: While the models showed acceptable coefficients of determination, it is essential to consider other factors that were not assessed in this study: exposure to sunlight, insect influence, and diseases that could impact the responses of the bean crop. Findings/Conclusions: Appropriate models to describe vegetative growth and seed yield of the common bean, concerning magnetization time and nutrient solution acidity, include variables such as plant height, root length, root dry weight, foliar biomass, total biomass, number of pods, and number of grains per pod

Desarrollo del cultivo de melón (Cucumis melo) con vermicompost bajo condiciones de invernadero

The effect of vermicompost (VC) on the development of muskmelon in the greenhouse was determined using four types of VC mixed with river sand (RS) as substrates, at ratios of 25 : 75, 30 : 70, 35 : 65 and 40 : 60 (% by volume). The VC combinations were prepared with horse, goat, rabbit and bovine manure. The substrates were placed in 20 kg black polyethylene bags where Cantaloupe seeds were planted. The plants were trained to one stem using raffia thread, and were watered with a drip irrigation system. The bags, used as pots, were placed in a double line and a tresbolillo arrangement. A randomised block design with a 4 x 4 factorial scheme and four replicates was applied. Factor A was the VC : RS combinations and factor B was the different VCs. A variance analysis showed that with 40 % of VC, independently of the VC used, highly signicant diferences (P ≤ 0.01) were recorded for yield, fruit weight, equatorial and polar diameters, pulp thickness, cavity of the placenta and days to harvest, with 96.386 t ha-1, 1.688 kg fruit-1, 14.55 cm, 16.73 cm, 3.77 cm, 5.57 cm and 89 d respectively, notwithstanding the type of manure used in the VC combinations. The average content of soluble solids in the fruit was statistically the same at all levels and types of VC used.Se determinó el efecto del vermicompost (VC) sobre el desarrollo del melón en invernadero utilizando como sustratos cuatro tipos de VC mezclados con arena de río (AR), con relaciones 25 : 75, 30 : 70, 35 : 65 y 40 : 60 (% en volumen). Los VC se prepararon a partir de estiércoles de caballo, cabra, conejo y bovino. Los sustratos se colocaron en bolsas de polietileno negro, de 20 kg de capacidad, en donde se sembraron semillas del melón Cantaloupe. Las plantas se condujeron a un solo tallo, tutorando con rafia y la demanda hídrica se cubrió con riego por goteo. Las bolsas, utilizadas como macetas, se colocaron en fila a doble hilera, con arreglo a tresbolillo. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar en arreglo factorial 4x4 con cuatro repeticiones. El factor A fueron las mezclas VC : AR y el B los diferentes VC. El análisis de varianza mostró que con 40 % de VC, independientemente del VC usado, se registraron diferencias altamente significativas (P ≤ 0.01) para rendimiento, peso de fruto, diámetros ecuatorial y polar, espesor de pulpa, cavidad de la placenta y días a cosecha, con 96.386 t ha-1, 1.688 kg fruto-1, 14.55 cm, 16.73 cm, 3.77 cm, 5.57 cm y 89 d respectivamente, sin importar el tipo de estiércol utilizado en las mezclas con VC. El contenido promedio de sólidos solubles en los frutos resultó estadísticamente igual en cualquier nivel y tipo de VC empleado

Desarrollo del cultivo de melón (Cucumis melo) con vermicompost bajo condiciones de invernadero / Development of muskmelon (Cucumis melo) with vermicompost under greenhouse conditions

Se determinó el efecto del vermicompost (VC) sobre el desarrollo del melón en invernadero utilizando como sustratos cuatro tipos de VC mezclados con arena de río (AR), con relaciones 25 : 75, 30 : 70, 35 : 65 y 40 : 60 (% en volumen). Los VC se prepararon a partir de estiércoles de caballo, cabra, conejo y bovino. Los sustratos se colocaron en bolsas de polietileno negro, de 20 kg de capacidad, en donde se sembraron semillas del melón Cantaloupe. Las plantas se condujeron a un solo tallo, tutorando con rafia y la demanda hídrica se cubrió con riego por goteo. Las bolsas, utilizadas como macetas, se colocaron en fila a doble hilera, con arreglo a tresbolillo. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar en arreglo factorial 4x4 con cuatro repeticiones. El factor A fueron las mezclas VC : AR y el B los diferentes VC. El análisis de varianza mostró que con 40 % de VC, independientemente del VC usado, se registraron diferencias altamente significativas (P ≤ 0.01) para rendimiento, peso de fruto, diámetros ecuatorial y polar, espesor de pulpa, cavidad de la placenta y días a cosecha, con 96.386 t ha-1, 1.688 kg fruto-1, 14.55 cm, 16.73 cm, 3.77 cm, 5.57 cm y 89 d respectivamente, sin importar el tipo de estiércol utilizado en las mezclas con VC. El contenido promedio de sólidos solubles en los frutos resultó estadísticamente igual en cualquier nivel y tipo de VC empleado

Vegetative development and bean yield in magnetized nutrient solution in combination with variable pH

Objective: Due to the importance of beans in human consumption, the vegetative development and seed yield of Black Veracruz beans were evaluated using a nutrient solution with different magnetization times in combination with different pH. Design/methodology/approach: The experimental design used was completely randomized with a 4 x 6 factorial arrangement with three replications. 24 treatments of the combination of four magnetization times and six degrees of acidity of the nutrient solution were evaluated. The variables evaluated were vegetative development and yield components. The results were subjected to an analysis of variance and media separations were performed using Tukey's test (α £ 0.05). Results: The magnetization and the degree of acidity of the nutrient solution significantly influenced the variables. The most outstanding treatments were 2 and 24 hours of magnetization in combination with pH values ​​of 4 and 5, for most of the variables of vegetative development and evaluated yield components. The 2 magnetization treatments together with pH values ​​of 4 and 5 increased height, biomass hours, days to flowering, number of pods, harvest index and seed yield. Study Limitations/Implications: Care should be taken that magnetic field exposure at high intensities may produce adverse effects on growth and development. Findings/conclusions: It is concluded that an appropriate combination of magnetization time and degree of acidity of the nutrient solution improves vegetative development and yield

Mis casos Clínicos de Odontopediatría y Ortodoncia

Libro que conjunta casos en el área de Odontopediatría y OrtodonciaEs para los integrantes de la Red de Investigación en Estomatología (RIE) una enorme alegría presentar el tercer libro del 2021, sobre casos clínicos, revisiones de la literatura e investigaciones. La RIE está integrada por cuerpos académicos de la UAEH, UAEM, UAC y UdeG

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora