Application of coagulation by sweep for removal of metals in natural water used in dairy cattle

Use contaminated water to wash the teats of animals and tools, among others, is due to the presence of potential pathogens and pesticide residues, antibiotics and metalsin raw milk. Washing with water of excellent quality, premilkingis a key to reduce the contamination of milk and prevent these compounds are adsorbed on the skin of theudder and then migrate to milk gun. Aluminum sulfate, ferricchloride and chitosan for the removal of turbidity, colorand TOC in natural waters used in the daily activities of a dairy herd, plus the removal of metals such as copper, cobalt and zinc was assessed found was used frequently in natural waters in some regions of Colombia, in this case using the sweep coagulation to improve the removal efficiency. Ferric chloride was the most effective coagulant for conventional removal of turbidity, color and TOC removal percentages greater than 70% and a coagulant dose of 60 mg/L, while for the optimum metal removal doses were 235 mg/L and 500 mg/L aluminum sulfate, and 300 mg/Land 510 mg/L of ferric chloride, achieving removal percentages above 80 % for most metals. Chitosan did not showlarge removal efficiencies compared to other coagulants

Advanced titanium scaffolds obtained by directional freeze-drying: on the influence of processing conditions

Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain under Grant No. MAT2010-20855Junta de Andalucía (Spain) / FEDER (EU), through the project Ref. P12-TEP-140

Porous Titanium Cylinders Obtained by the Freeze-Casting Technique: Influence of Process Parameters on Porosity and Mechanical Behavior

 The discrepancy between the stiffness of commercially pure titanium and cortical bone  tissue compromises its success as a biomaterial. The use of porous titanium has been widely studied,  however, it is still challenging to obtain materials able to replicate the porous structure of the bones  (content, size, morphology and distribution). In this work, the freeze‐casting technique is used to  manufacture cylinders with elongated porosity, using a home‐made and economical device. The  relationship between the processing parameters (diameter and material of the mold, temperature  gradient), microstructural features and mechanical properties is established and discussed, in terms  of ensuring biomechanical and biofunctional balance. The cylinders have a gradient porosity  suitable for use in dentistry, presenting higher Young’s modulus at the bottom, near the cold spot  and, therefore better mechanical resistance (it would be in contact with a prosthetic crown), while  the opposite side, the hot spot, has bigger, elongated pores and walls.  Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain  grant  MAT2015‐71284‐P  FEDER‐Junta de Andalucía Research  Project (Modeling and implementation of the freeze casting technique: gradients of porosity with a tribomechanical equilibrium and electro‐stimulated cellular behavior).

Modelado de las fuerzas de corte en el torneado de alta velocidad utilizando redes neuronales artificiales

Cutting forces are very important variables in machining performance because they affect surface roughness, cutting tool life, and energy consumption. Reducing electrical energy consumption in manufacturing processes not only provides economic benefits to manufacturers but also improves their environmental performance. Many factors, such as cutting tool material, cutting speed, and machining time, have an impact on cutting forces and energy consumption. Recently, many studies have investigated the energy consumption of machine tools; however, only a few have examined high-speed turning of plain carbon steel. This paper seeks to analyze the effects of cutting tool materials and cutting speed on cutting forces and Specific Energy Consumption (SEC) during dry high-speed turning of AISI 1045 steel. For this purpose, cutting forces were experimentally measured and compared with estimates of predictive models developed using polynomial regression and artificial neural networks. The resulting models were evaluated based on two performance metrics: coefficient of determination and root mean square error. According to the results, the polynomial models did not reach 70 % in the representation of the variability of the data. The cutting speed and machining time associated with the highest and lowest SEC of CT5015-P10 and GC4225-P25 inserts were calculated. The lowest SEC values of these cutting tools were obtained at a medium cutting speed. Also, the SEC of the GC4225 insert was found to be higher than that of the CT5015 tool.Las fuerzas de corte son variables muy importantes para el rendimiento del mecanizado, ya que afectan la rugosidad de la superficie, la vida útil de la herramienta de corte y el consumo de energía. La reducción del consumo de energía eléctrica de los procesos de fabricación no solo beneficia económicamente a los fabricantes, sino que también mejora su comportamiento medioambiental. Muchos factores, como el material de la herramienta de corte, la velocidad de corte y el tiempo de mecanizado, afectan la fuerza de corte y el consumo de energía de la máquina. En la actualidad, muchas investigaciones se han realizado sobre el consumo energético de las máquinas herramienta. Sin embargo, la investigación sobre torneado de acero al carbono a alta velocidad es escasa. En este trabajo se estudiaron los efectos de los materiales de las herramientas de corte y su velocidad sobre las fuerzas de corte y el consumo específico de energía en el torneado en seco de alta velocidad de acero AISI 1045. Las fuerzas de corte se determinaron experimentalmente y se compararon con las estimaciones de los modelos predictivos desarrollados mediante regresión polinomial y redes neuronales artificiales. Los modelos obtenidos fueron evaluados según métricas de desempeño como el coeficiente de determinación y la raíz del error cuadrático medio, donde los modelos polinomiales no superaron el 70% en la representación de la variabilidad de los datos. Se determinó la velocidad de corte y el tiempo de mecanizado relacionados con el mayor y menor consumo de energía de las plaquitas CT5015-P10 y GC4225-P25. Los valores más bajos de consumo de energía de estas herramientas se alcanzaron para la velocidad de corte intermedia. Además, la plaquita GC4225 presentó un mayor consumo que la herramienta CT5015

Constraint rule-based programming of norms for electronic institutions

Peer reviewedPostprin

Hyperspectral Imaging for the Detection of Bitter Almonds in Sweet Almond Batches

A common fraud in the sweet almond industry is the presence of bitter almonds in commercial batches. The presence of bitter almonds not only causes unpleasant flavours but also problems in the commercialisation and toxicity for consumers. Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) has been proved to be suitable for the rapid and non-destructive quality evaluation in foods as it integrates the spectral and spatial dimensions. Thus, we aimed to study the feasibility of using an HSI system to identify single bitter almond kernels in commercial sweet almond batches. For this purpose, sweet and bitter almond batches, as well as different mixtures, were analysed in bulk using an HSI system which works in the spectral range 946.6–1648.0 nm. Qualitative models were developed using Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) to differentiate between sweet and bitter almonds, obtaining a classification success of over the 99%. Furthermore, data reduction, as a function of the most relevant wavelengths (VIP scores), was applied to evaluate its performance. Then, the pixel-by-pixel validation of the mixtures was carried out, identifying correctly between 61–85% of the adulterations, depending on the group of mixtures and the cultivar analysed. The results confirm that HSI, without VIP scores data reduction, can be considered a promising approach for classifying the bitterness of almonds analysed in bulk, enabling identifying individual bitter almonds inside sweet almond batches. However, a more complex mathematical analysis is necessary before its implementation in the processing lines

Assessment of the stability of LTA zeolites under natural gas drying TSA conditions.

The main features in cationic LTA zeolites that are likely to impact its potential hydrothermal stability are interconnected. The Al content and the compensating cation play an important role in the water adsorption but their influence on the zeolite performance in thermal cycles is yet to be understood. In this study, four LTA zeolite samples were synthetized with distinct Si/Al ratios in sodium and potassium forms. They underwent a Premature Aging Protocol (PAP) that took into account the operating conditions typically found in temperature swing adsorption processes. The Si/Al ratio per se did not impact in the crystallinity upon aging, but the presence of a high amount of potassium cations (Si/Al = 1) led to the amorphization of the zeolite structure. The results from XPS and NMR techniques indicate the Al migration from the outer surface to the inner cages occurs upon aging. Chemical analysis by XRF and ICP-OES associated with 27Al NMR analysis reveal that the presence of EFAl is particularly significant in the sample with the largest Si/Al ratio (5) and is correlated to a much larger C deposition upon aging. TG/DTG and TPD-NH3 experiments suggest that acid sites in the zeolite structures act as a double-edged sword, by enhancing water adsorption while also leading to carbon accumulation. CO2 isotherms at 0 ºC reveal the reduction of the microporosity after aging, whereas the Al content is proportional to the water adsorption uptake, particularly at low pressures (below 10 mbar). The material with an intermediate Si/Al ratio and in Na-form (LTAc-SiAl2-Na) combines excellent hydrothermal stability with a high-water affinity and uptake.Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBU

Tarjeta ciudadana Bogotá capital TCBC - sector educativo

Tarjeta Ciudadana Bogotá Capital TCBC -Sector Educativo es la recopilación de datos en el sector educativo del 2009.Gestión del conocimientoCompetitivida

Analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency in square slotted silicon metasurfaces supporting bound states in the continuum

In this work, a silicon metasurface designed to support electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) based on quasi-bound states in the continuum (qBIC) is proposed and theoretically demonstrated in the near-infrared spectrum. The metasurface consists of a periodic array of square slot rings etched in a silicon layer. The interruption of the slot rings by a silicon bridge breaks the symmetry of the structure producing qBIC stemming from symmetry-protected states, as rigorously demonstrated by a group theory analysis. One of the qBIC is found to behave as a resonance-trapped mode in the perturbed metasurface, which obtains very high quality factor values at certain dimensions of the silicon bridge. Thanks to the interaction of the sharp qBIC resonances with a broadband bright background mode, sharp high-transmittance peaks are observed within a low-transmittance spectral window, thus producing a photonic analogue of EIT. Moreover, the resonator possesses a simple bulk geometry with channels that facilitate the use in biosensing. The sensitivity of the resonant qBIC on the refractive index of the surrounding material is calculated in the context of refractometric sensing. The sharp EIT-effect of the proposed metasurface, along with the associated strong energy confinement may find direct use in emerging applications based on strong light-matter interactions, such as non-linear devices, lasing, biological sensors, optical trapping, and optical communications.This work is part of the project PID2019-107270RB-C21 and PID2019-109072RB-C31 funded by MCIN/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FEDER “A way to make Europe”, PDC2021-121172-C21 funded by MCIN/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and European Union “Next generation EU”/PTR, TeDFeS Project (RTC-2017-6321-1 funded by MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033 and FEDER “A way to make Europe”) and project S2018/NMT-4326 funded by the Comunidad de Madrid and FEDER Program. J.F.A. acknowledges the financial support from Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades of Spain under Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación grant and P.R-V. the financial support from Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte of Spain under PhD grant FPU2018/02797. V. D. thanks the Brazilian Agency National Council of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq) for financial support