Una apuesta por el concepto de persona razonable: análisis a partir del contrato atípico de servicios logísticos

The atypical logistics services contract contains complex services designed according to commercial traffic. However, when interpretative conflicts arise, the judges resort to criteria external to the initial economic equation. This can lead to unintended consequences. This investigation investigated the limits of Kantian philosophy to solve the problem. It is concluded that equality may be a non-utilitarian basis for interpretation, but it continues to resort to more than just the will. Finally, the concept of reasonable person is proposed, since it respects the commercial logic of the business and at the same time is a hermeneutical method that is effective.El contrato atípico de servicios logísticos contiene prestaciones complejas diseñadas según el tráfico comercial. Empero, cuando surgen conflictos interpretativos los jueces recurren a criterios externos a la ecuación económica inicial. Esto puede llevar a consecuencias indeseadas. La presente investigación indaga por los límites de la filosofía kantiana para solucionar el problema. Se concluye que la igualdad puede ser un fundamento no utilitarista para la interpretación, pero sigue recurriendo a algo más que la voluntad. Al final, se propone el concepto de persona razonable, pues respeta la lógica comercial del negocio y al mismo tiempo es un método hermenéutico que resulta eficaz

Transporte multimodal: Régimen Jurídico y Responsabilidad del Porteador

La presente tesis doctoral se orienta al estudio del régimen jurídico del transporte multimodal, especialmente el análisis de la posición jurídica y responsabilidad del operador de transporte multimodal. En primer lugar se estudia la problemática de la conceptualización de este tipo de contrato de transporte de mercancías. Así mismo se examina en detalle los elementos que conforman este tipo de transporte que nos va a permitir construir una caracterización propia. En segundo lugar se estudian las diversas problemáticas que presenta la regulación jurídica que existe y aquella que se está aplicando en tanto que en este tipo de transporte confluyen usualmente varias normativas unimodales que en diversas ocasiones conlleva conflictos. Analizados cada uno de los temas mencionados, se proponen algunas soluciones frente a la regulación del transporte multimodal. El enfoque utilizado se basa en la creación de una normativa propia para este tipo de transporte en la que se articulen los diversos modos de transporte sin imponer uno sobre otro. Para ello, se plantea una normativa autónoma que cuente con una responsabilidad uniforme, revaluando así la tendencia tradicional a aplicar una normativa unimodal para regular este tipo de transporte en el que, para su desarrollo, intervienen diversos modos de transporte

In Favor of the Concept of Reasonable Person: Analysis Based on the Innominate Contract of Logistics Services

El contrato atípico de servicios logísticos contiene prestaciones complejas diseñadas según el tráfico comercial. Empero, cuando surgen conflictos interpretativos los jueces recurren a criterios externos a la ecuación económica inicial. Esto puede llevar a consecuencias indeseadas. La presente investigación indaga por los límites de la filosofía kantiana para solucionar el problema. Se concluye que la igualdad puede ser un fundamento no utilitarista para la interpretación, pero sigue recurriendo a algo más que la voluntad. Al final, se propone el concepto de persona razonable, pues respeta la lógica comercial del negocio y al mismo tiempo es un método hermenéutico que resulta eficaz.The atypical logistics services contract contains complex services designed according to commercial traffic. However, when interpretative conflicts arise, the judges resort to criteria external to the initial economic equation. This can lead to unintended consequences. This investigation investigated the limits of Kantian philosophy to solve the problem. It is concluded that equality may be a non-utilitarian basis for interpretation, but it continues to resort to more than just the will. Finally, the concept of reasonable person is proposed, since it respects the commercial logic of the business and at the same time is a hermeneutical method that is effective

Assessment of Ambivalent Sexism in University Students in Colombia and Spain: A Comparative Analysis

Background: Gender-based violence has no geographical, personal, or social boundaries. It constitutes a serious public health problem that affects the entire society. This research aims to identify and compare the level of ambivalent sexism in Spanish and Colombian university students and its relationship with sociodemographic factors. Ambivalent sexism, developed by Glick and Fiske (1996), is considered a new type of sexism since, for the first time, it combines negative and positive feelings that give rise to hostile and benevolent sexism, maintaining the subordination of women through punishment and rewards. (2) Methods: The methodology consisted of the application of the validated Spanish version of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) to a sample of 374 students in their final academic year of the Law program, of which 21.7% were students at the University of Santander (Bucaramanga, Colombia), 45.5% at the University Rey Juan Carlos (Madrid, Spain), and the remaining 32.9% at the University of Seville (Seville, Spain). (3) Results: A high level of ambivalent sexism is reported in Colombian students nowadays. In the two countries. there are similarities (e.g., the great weight of religion and the variation in attitudes towards sexism in people who identify themselves as women, compared to male or students consulted that prefer not to answer) and differences (e.g., absence in Colombia of gender-specific legislation, low number of students who have received gender education in Spain). (4) Conclusions: These findings may contribute to the construction of laws that take into account the particular problems of women and the development of educational programs on gender that are offered in a transversal and permanent way and that take into account cultural factors and equity between men and women as an essential element in the training of future judges who have the legal responsibility to protect those who report gender violence.University of Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia: Research Project—Focused Internal Proposal CIF0107-19

Health Problems and the Use of Medications and Traditional Therapies among Chinese Immigrants Living in Spain

In this study, we investigate the health problems and the use of medications and traditional therapies among Chinese immigrants in the Southern region of Spain. A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews and including 133 immigrants and 7 stakeholders was conducted in 2017. Transcription, literal reading, and theoretical categorization were performed, and a narrative content analysis was carried out. The most common health problems were musculoskeletal (28.6%) and allergies (25.6%) related to work activity and unhealthy lifestyles. Key informants also reported gastric problems, stress, and changes in eating habits, mostly related to their work activity. For these problems, a large number of traditional remedies (herbs, diet therapy, acupuncture, vitamins, etc.) were used, usually combined with pharmaceutical drugs used for colds, flu, general malaise (29%), pain and fever (23%), and allergy drugs (9.2%). Chinese immigrants reported health conditions associated with their working conditions and life habits in Spain, using Traditional Chinese Medicine instead of pharmacological drugs. Understanding these health problems and promoting awareness towards traditional therapies in the healthcare system may help to design public policies and Health Promotion strategies targeting this group