Knowledge and Attitudes about the Flu Vaccine among Pregnant Women in the Valencian Community (Spain)

Background and Objectives: To describe the knowledge and attitudes related to the acceptance of the flu vaccine during pregnancy in women, from two Health Departments of the Valencian Community (VC), during the 2015–2016 season, after receiving prenatal care. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted during the annual vaccine season of women ascribed to prenatal care. A midwife offered flu vaccine advice and afterwards conducted a telephone poll of a representative sample, in order to find out the reason for accepting or rejecting the vaccine. Results: Of the 1017 expectant women who received advice about the vaccine, 77.4% (95% CI: 74.8–79.9%) declared their intention to vaccinate. After the recommendation, the vaccine coverage was 61.6%, with a percentage of accordance of 98.8% (95% CI: 98.0–99.6%) between the coverage declared and the Nominal Vaccination Registry (NVR) of the VC. Additionally, 67.2% of the expectant women were interviewed (n = 683). Most were aware of the recommendation and identified the health center and the midwife as the main sources of information. The internet was a consistent source in favor of vaccination 80.8% (n = 42). The obstetric variables (risk during the pregnancy, end of pregnancy, and feeding the newborn) did not have a statistically significant relationship with the vaccination. The women declared a high adherence to the vaccinations present in the child vaccination calendar, but rejected (31.3%) the flu vaccine, as they had not received it previously and did not want it because of their expectant state. Conclusions: The women positively evaluated the effectiveness and safety of the vaccines. However, with the flu vaccine, “not being previously vaccinated” and the “doubts about its safety” represented more than half of the reasons put forth for its rejection. Ensuring that the flu vaccine is perceived as more effective and acceptable through the messages directed towards the expectant mothers, directly through the midwives or through the communication media and social networks, will result in an increase of vaccine coverage

Mudanças no contexto do cuidado: desafios para a enfermagem

This research aimed to identify global changes in the way of practicing and understanding care, as well as the demands population change has generated and the implications for family and professional caregivers. An integrative literature review was performed, identifying 284 papers with the following descriptors: care and caregivers, associated with the descriptor "Nursing", published between 2005 and 2010. Forty-one papers were selected that correspond to the intended goal. The results point towards a care transition model, reconfigured by new care demands, which are mainly associated with the increase in chronic conditions and population aging. In addition, the change in social and individual roles takes care beyond the family sphere and closer to shared social responsibility. Care is the axis around which nurses rotate. Hence, it is fundamental to analyze this context, which demands evolution in professional care development.Este trabajo tuvo por objetivo identificar cambios globales relacionados con la forma de hacer y entender el cuidado, así como las demandas generadas por el cambio poblacional y las implicaciones para cuidadores familiares y profesionales. Se realizó una revisión integradora de la literatura, identificando 284 artículos con los descriptores: cuidado y cuidadores, asociados al descriptor Enfermería, entre los años 2005 y 2010, seleccionando 41 artículos que corresponden al objetivo planteado. Los resultados apuntan a un modelo de transición en el cuidado, reconfigurado por las nuevas demandas de atención asociadas principalmente al incremento de las enfermedades crónicas y el envejecimiento poblacional. Además, el cambio en los roles sociales e individuales sitúan al cuidado mas allá del ámbito familiar y lo aproximan a la responsabilidad social compartida. El cuidado es el eje gravitatorio de las enfermeras, por ello resulta indispensable analizar este contexto que demanda evolución en el desarrollo del cuidado profesional.Este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar mudanças globais, relacionadas à forma de fazer e entender o cuidado, assim como as demandas geradas pela mudança populacional e as implicações para cuidadores familiares e profissionais. Realizou-se revisão integrativa da literatura, identificando-se 284 artigos com os descritores: cuidado e cuidadores, associados ao descritor "Enfermagem", entre os anos 2005 e 2010, selecionando-se 41 artigos que correspondem ao objetivo proposto. Os resultados apontam para um modelo de transição no cuidado, reconfigurado pelas novas demandas de atenção associadas, principalmente, ao incremento das doenças crônicas e ao envelhecimento populacional. Além disso, a mudança nos papéis sociais e individuais situam o cuidado além do âmbito familiar e o aproximam da responsabilidade social compartida. O cuidado é o eixo onde gravitam as enfermeiras, daí resulta indispensável analisar esse contexto que demanda evolução no desenvolvimento do cuidado profissional

Scoping review of coronavirus case series (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2) and their obstetric and neonatal results

Antecedentes. La aparición de nuevas enfermedades infecciosas, como el COVID-19, supone un reto en el seguimiento de la gestación y la prevención de complicaciones obstétricas y neonatales. La revisión exploratoria tiene el objetivo de revisar la información disponible en mujeres embarazadas infectadas por los coronavirus MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 para evaluar las similitudes y diferencias en las características clínicas de las madres y los resultados neonatales. Métodos. Realizamos una búsqueda bibliográfica (revisión exploratoria) acorde a las pautas de PRISMA entre marzo y abril del 2020 en las bases de datos de MEDLINE, SciELO, y CUIDEN y el Centro de Información sobre el COVID-19 de Elsevier. Resultados. Analizamos 20 artículos con un total de 102 casos: 9 de MERS-CoV, 14 de SARS-CoV y 79 de SARS-CoV-2. La fiebre (75,5%) y la neumonía (73,5%) resultaron ser los síntomas más frecuentes en las gestantes infectadas. Las complicaciones obstétricas más frecuentes fueron la amenaza de parto prematuro (23,5%) y la cesárea (74,5%). No se documentó ninguna transmisión vertical en los neonatos. Conclusiones. Los tres coronavirus producen una neumonía con sintomatología muy similar, resultando más leve en el caso de SARS-CoV-2. A pesar de las complicaciones obstétricas documentadas, los resultados neonatales son favorables en su mayoría. Es preciso aumentar el conocimiento para mejorar y prevenir las complicaciones obstétricas y neonatales de estas infecciones en mujeres embarazadas.Background. The appearance of new infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, poses a challenge in monitoring pregnancy and preventing obstetric and neonatal complications. A scoping review has the objective to review the information available in pregnant women infected with the MERS-CoV, SARSCoV, SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses to assess the similarities in terms of and differences in the clinical characteristics of the mothers and neonatal outcomes. Methods. We carried out a bibliographic search (scoping review) according to the PRISMA guidelines between March and April 2020 in the MEDLINE, SciELO, and CUIDEN databases and the Elsevier COVID-19 Information Center. Results. We analyzed 20 articles with a total of 102 cases. 9 of MERS-CoV, 14 of SARS-CoV and 79 of SARS-CoV-2. Fever (75.5%) and pneumonia (73.5%) were the most frequent symptoms in infected pregnant women. The most frequent obstetric complications were the threat of premature delivery (23.5%) and caesarean section (74.5%). No vertical transmission was documented in any of the infants. Conclusions. All three coronaviruses produce pneumonia with very similar symptoms, being milder in the case of SARSCoV2. Despite documented obstetric complications, neonatal outcomes are mostly favorable. Increased knowledge is needed to improve and prevent obstetric and neonatal complications from these infections in pregnant women

Willingness to Be Vaccinated against COVID-19 in Spain before the Start of Vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Study

Vaccine hesitancy has increased in the past few years, influenced by the socio-cultural differences, political populism, or concerns related to the effectiveness and safety of some vaccines, resulting a feeling of distrust. This feeling can become a barrier against the achievement of the immunity necessary to stop the expansion of COVID-19. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acceptance of the vaccine against COVID-19 in Spain, as well as to identify the factors that have an influence on the concerns and attitudes of people against accepting the vaccine in the months prior to the start of vaccination on December 2020. An online questionnaire was created to obtain information about (1) sociodemographic characteristics; (2) concerns and sources of information about vaccines; and (3) attitudes about vaccination and state of health. A multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify the influencing factors. Of the 2501 participants, 1207 (48.3%) would accept the COVID-19 vaccine, 623 (24.9%) were hesitant, and 671 (26.8%) would reject it. The logistic regression showed that being male, older than 60, married, retired, with a high level of education, or with a leftist political inclination, could increase the probability of accepting the COVID-19 vaccine. Disinformation and the lack of political consensus were the main sources of distrust. The patients with hypertension, immunodepression, hypercholesterolemia, or respiratory disease, or were overweight, showed a greater acceptance to the vaccine, while those with cancer took the longest to accept it. A low acceptance of the vaccine against COVID-19 was observed among the Spanish population in the phase prior to its availability, and the main fears of the population were identified. It is necessary to offer correct and transparent information about these vaccines to reduce the concerns and increase the trust of the population, to thereby guarantee the success of the vaccination campaigns

Vacunación de mujeres embarazadas en la Comunidad Valenciana durante la temporada de gripe 2014-15: un estudio multicéntrico

Background. To study influenza vaccination uptake in pregnant women from three Health Departments in the Valencian Community (Spain) during the 2014-15 flu season, to identify degree of knowledge, sources of information and attitudes toward immunization against influenza. Methods. Multicentre cross-sectional descriptive study during the 2014-15 vaccination campaign. Vaccine coverage was determined using the Nominal Vaccination Registry (NVR). Subsequently, a telephone survey was carried out on a sample of vaccinated and unvaccinated postpartum women. Results. The NVR had information on 934 (59.5%) out of 1,569 postpartum women; distribution per Health Departments was: 420 (44.9%), 161 (17.2%) and 353 (37.8%) in La Ribera, Torrevieja and Elx-Crevillent respectively. Vaccine uptake was 27.9% (n = 261). According to the “Country of Origin” variable, 77.5% (n = 724) of women were Spanish, with a vaccination rate of 26.7% (n = 193), compared to 22.5% (n = 210) who were non-Spanish, with a rate of 32.4% (n = 68). The main source of information was midwives for 83.7% (n = 159) of vaccinated pregnant women and for 44.6% (n = 127) of non-vaccinated women. The main reasons for vaccine refusal were lack of awareness (29.5%, n = 84) and not considering it necessary (25.6%, n = 73). Conclusion. Despite their high willingness to be vaccinated after receiving information about the flu vaccine, the vaccination coverage in pregnant women studied is still low and can be improved. Health professionals need new information strategies to extend vaccine uptake to a larger number of pregnant women in Spain. Midwife advice plays an essential role in transmitting information on influenza vaccination in pregnant women and has a significant impact on uptake.Objetivos. Investigar la cobertura de la vacunación antigripal en gestantes en tres Departamentos de Salud de la Comunidad Valenciana (España) durante la temporada 2014-15, y evaluar su aceptabilidad, fuentes de información y motivos de rechazo hacia la inmunización contra la gripe. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo transversal multicéntrico en la campaña vacunal 2014-15. La cobertura vacunal se identificó a través del Registro Nominal de Vacunas (RVN). Posteriormente, se realizaron 2 encuestas telefónicas a un mínimo muestral de puérperas vacunadas y no vacunadas. Resultados. De 1.569 puérperas, 934 (59,5%) disponen de información en el RVN; la distribución por Departamentos: 420 (44,9%), 161 (17,2%) y 353 (37,8%) en La Ribera, Torrevieja y Elx-Crevillent respectivamente. Se obtuvo una cobertura vacunal del 27,9% (n=261). Según la variable “País de Origen”, el 77,5% (n=724) es española, con una tasa vacunal del 26,7% (n=193), frente al 22,5% (n=210) extranjera, con el 32,4% (n=68). La principal fuente de información fue la matrona en el 83,7% (n=159) de gestantes vacunadas y el 44,6% (n=127) en no vacunadas. Los principales motivos de rechazo fueron el desconocimiento (29,5%; n=84) y el no considerarse imprescindible (25,6%; n=73). Conclusiones. A pesar de su alta predisposición a vacunarse después de recibir información sobre la vacuna contra la gripe, la cobertura de vacunación en mujeres embarazadas estudiadas es aún baja y puede mejorarse. Son necesarias nuevas estrategias de formación e información por parte de los profesionales sanitarios para obtener un mayor número de gestantes vacunadas. El consejo de la matrona es un factor esencial en la emisión de la información sobre la vacunación antigripal recibida por las gestantes estudiadas

Acceptability of the Vaccine against COVID-19 in Spanish Health Sciences Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Healthcare professionals must play an exemplary role in the field of vaccinology. It is convenient that they are trained during their time at university. The objective of this study was to determine the acceptability of the vaccines against COVID-19 in health sciences students in Spanish universities. A cross-sectional study was performed regarding the acceptance of the vaccines against COVID-19 in students in the Health Sciences Degrees in Spanish universities was performed on a sample of students of nursing, medicine, and pharmacy during the spring of 2021, via an online questionnaire with 36 questions designed ad hoc, self-administered, anonymized, and standardized. There were 1222 students participating, of Spanish nationality (97.4%), women (80.5%) and with an average age of 22.0 ± 4.8 years old. Of those, 12.3% had had the disease, 44.0% had to quarantine, 70.8% had undergone diagnostic tests, out of which 14.1% were positive. In total, 97.5% of those surveyed indicated their desire of being vaccinated, if possible, with Comirnaty® (74.9%). At the time of the study, 49.6% were already vaccinated. The reasons for vaccination differed according to the degree and the doubts about vaccine safety was the largest reason for reluctance. Some 37.7% suspected that there are unknown adverse effects and 85.6% of those vaccinated experienced some mild effects after injection. Vaccine acceptance and confidence in the recommendations given by health authorities is high in health sciences students

App yo embarazo, una nueva forma de facilitar información a la gestante y su pareja

Comunicación oral presentada en el 3er Congreso Internacional de Comunicación en Salud (3ICHC), celebrado los días 19 y 20 de octubre de 2017 en la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid.Los objetivos son mejorar los conocimientos y destrezas del cuidado de las gestantes, sus parejas y sus futuros recién nacidos, ofreciendo una información veraz, detallada y personalizada a las embarazadas y sus pareja

Information and studies on education as an object of territorial cooperation (II): Cooperation in Europe through the Eurydice network as a model of cooperation between education administrations through the spanish network Redie

On the occasion of the European double ephemeris which JOSPOE is currently celebrating, the Eurydice Spanish Unit (Eurydice Spain-REDIE) has wished to accept their invitation to participate in this extraordinary issue alongside the European Unit, the information network coordinator on European Commission’s education. The reason is, none other than, because of the good model of cooperation it offers Spain when it comes to reporting on education management. The first article has been prepared by the heads of both units, describing the trajectory of the European and Spanish information networks on education, evolving into what they are today; the second article has been written by analysts from the European unit and technical and external experts from the Spanish unit, and presents the work they carry out in order to fulfil commitments undertaken through the annual work plansCon motivo de la doble efeméride europea que celebra JOSPOE, la Unidad española de Eurydice (Eurydice España-REDIE) ha querido responder a la invitación a participar en este número extraordinario de la mano de la Unidad europea, coordinadora de la Red de información sobre educación de la Comisión Europea. La razón no es otra que el buen modelo de cooperación que ofrece a España a la hora de informar sobre la gestión de la educación. El primer artículo está elaborado por los responsables de ambas Unidades y describe la trayectoria de las redes europea y española de información sobre educación hasta convertirse en lo que son hoy en día; este segundo está redactado por los analistas de la Unidad europea y los técnicos y expertos externos de la Unidad española, y presenta el trabajo que realizan con el fin de dar cumplimiento a los compromisos adquiridos a través de los planes de trabajo anuale

The Short Form of the Fonseca Anamnestic Index for the Screening of Temporomandibular Disorders: Validity and Reliability in a Spanish-Speaking Population

The Short Form of the Fonseca Anamnestic Index (SFAI) is a simple and quick questionnaire used for screening temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). The present study aimed to validate the Spanish version of the SFAI in patients with TMDs. The study sample comprised 112 subjects (50 TMDs and 52 controls). Test–retest reliability, factorial validity, internal consistency, concurrent validity, and the SFAI’s ability to discriminate between TMDs subjects and healthy controls were analyzed using the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD protocol) as the reference. Factor analysis showed a single factor that explained 63% of the total variance. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.849. The reliability of the items measured with the Kappa index showed values from 0.767 to 0.888. Test–retest reliability was substantial (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.837). The total SFAI score showed a significant correlation with orofacial pain, vertigo, and neck disability measurements. For a cut-off point of >10 points, the SFAI showed a sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 78.85% at differentiating between TMDs patients and healthy subjects, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.852. The Spanish version of the SFAI is a valid and reliable instrument for diagnosing people with TMDs and shows generally good psychometric properties