Job-search strategies of individuals at risk of poverty and social exclusion in Spain

In Spain, the issue of unemployment or precarious employment worsen with globalization, leading to an expansion of the so-called working poor in the labour market.According to previous literature, the economic poverty that is characteristic of this group may accompany poverty competency.In particular, the working poor resort to informal and poorly developed job-searchstrategies.This study addresses the job search methods used by people at risk of poverty and social exclusion. It provides evidence on the subject and serves as a basis for the adaptation of socio-labour intermediation programmes to this group.The hypothesis of this study is that people at high risk will predominantly use informal strategies that require a low level of job-searchs kills.A survey-based correlational study is conducted using a questionnaire completed by 279 people participating in socio-labourinter mediation programmes developed by the Action against Hunger Foundation(AaHF) in Spain.Information on poverty indicators and on job-search strategies is collected.Data are analysed through cluster analysis,which distinguish two groups of people at risk of poverty and social exclusion(high risk and low risk),followed by a comparison of means(t-test)with a subsequent calculation of effect size using Cohen’s d. Results show statistically significant differences with a medium effect size(between 0.45 and 0.50)for the typology of job-search strategies used,confirming the initial hypothesis.These results offer relevant information that should be considered when developing programmes aimed at improving social and labour issues for people at risk of poverty and social exclusion.Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO- Government of Spain)European Regional Development Fund (ERDF-FEDER

Development of an ontology for the inclusion of app users with visual impairments

Approximately 15% of the world’s population have some form of disability and the majority use apps on their mobile devices to help them in their daily lives with communication, healthcare, or for entertainment purposes. It is not, however, easy for users with impairments to choose the most suitable apps since this will depend on their particular personal characteristics or circumstances in a specific context, and because such users require apps with certain accessibility features which are not always specified in the app description. In order to overcome such difficulties, it is necessary to obtain a user profile that gathers the user’s personal details, abilities, disabilities, skills, and interests to facilitate selection. The basis for our research work is to develop an app that recommends a set of apps to users with disabilities. In this respect, the focus of this paper is to obtain a semantic user profile model on which more precise search requests can be performed. The disability we have chosen to concentrate on is that of visual impairment. We propose an ontology-based user profile that matches users’ characteristics, disabilities, and interests, and which not only simplifies the classification process but also provides a mechanism for linking them with existing disability ontologies, assistive devices, accessibility concepts, etc. Moreover, thanks to the inclusion of semantic relations and rules, it is possible to reason and infer new information that can be used to make more personalized recommendations than a simple app store search.Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Agencia Estatal de Investigacion) PID2019-109644RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/50110001103

Influence of the Surface Viscosity on the Breakup of a Surfactant-Laden Drop

We examine both theoretically and experimentally the breakup of a pendant drop loaded with an insoluble surfactant. The experiments show that a significant amount of surfactant is trapped in the resulting satellite droplet. This result contradicts previous theoretical predictions, where the effects of surface tension variation were limited to solutocapillarity and Marangoni stresses.We solve numerically the hydrodynamic equations, including not only those effects but also those of surface shear and dilatational viscosities. We show that surface viscosities play a critical role to explain the accumulation of surfactant in the satellite droplet.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad DPI2013-46485-C3-1-R, TRA2013- 45808-RJunta de Extremadura GR1004

ICT and the creation of critical digital citizenship

Este trabajo presenta una revisión y reflexión teórica acerca del cambio en el concepto de ciudadanía y su ejercicio en la sociedad digital. Se ha analizado la influencia de las TIC en el empoderamiento y participación de la ciudadanía. Estas han permitido la creación de una democracia social digital, entendida como la posibilidad de potenciar la participación colectiva en la toma de decisiones. El ejercicio de la ciudadanía digital crítica hace necesaria una formación, no sólo en aspectos tecnológicos, sino también una adecuada formación cultural y política que permita participar maduramente en el nuevo entramado mediático sociológico. Concluye el trabajo con la propuesta de una serie de medidas para favorecer esta e-ciudadanía crítica: el desarrollo de una adecuada competencia digital y formación para la ciudadanía, estableciendo para ello un plan de acción en educación formal y no formal.This paper presents a theoretical review and reflection about the change in the concept of citizenship and its exercise in the digital society. The influence of ICT on the empowerment and participation of citizens has been analyzed. They have allowed the creation of digital social democracy, understood as the possibility of promoting collective participation in decision-making. The exercise of critical digital citizenship requires training, not only in technological aspects but also an adequate cultural and political formation that allows mature participation in the new media sociological framework. The work concludes with the proposal of a series of measures to favor this critical e-citizenship: the development of an adequate digital competence and training for the citizenship, establishing a plan of action in formal and non-formal education

f-polynomial on some graph operations

Given any function f:Z+→R+ , let us define the f-index If(G)=∑u∈V(G)f(du) and the f-polynomial Pf(G,x)=∑u∈V(G)x1/f(du)−1, for x>0 . In addition, we define Pf(G,0)=limx→0+Pf(G,x) . We use the f-polynomial of a large family of topological indices in order to study mathematical relations of the inverse degree, the generalized first Zagreb, and the sum lordeg indices, among others. In this paper, using this f-polynomial, we obtain several properties of these indices of some classical graph operations that include corona product and join, line, and Mycielskian, among others.Supported in part by two grants from the Ministerio de Economía y Competititvidad, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) (MTM2016-78227-C2-1-P and MTM2017-90584-REDT), Spain

Kids YouTubers generation: analysis of YouTube channels of the new child phenomena

YouTube se ha convertido en la plataforma online de visualización de contenido digital por excelencia. En este escenario, se han consolidado ciertos canales, protagoni-zados por niños, como los más visualizados por parte de la población infantil. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido analizar los canales de los niños YouTubers españoles con mayor influencia. Se ha seguido una metodología basada en la técnica de análisis de contenido, la cual nos ha per-mitido obtener datos cuantitativos sobre una serie de va-riables para determinar la influencia y el tipo de contenido que publican. Entre los resultados encontramos que la mayoría de canales cuentan con un soporte empresarial, con fines puramente económicos, donde la imagen del menor es objeto de negocio. La influencia que ejercen los niños YouTubers en otros menores es altísima, debido a que se encuentran en una etapa de construcción de la identidad, este hecho es aprovechado por las marcas para incluir publicidad. Finalmente, se destaca el carácter glo-bal de este fenómeno, el cual sucede en distintos puntos geográficos del planetaYouTube has become the online platform for viewing digital content par excellence. This is, certain kids channels have been consolidated as the most visualized by children. The purpose of this paper has been to analyse the chan-nels of the Spanish YouTubers children with greater influence. We have followed a methodology based on the technique of content analysis, which has allowed us to obtain quantitative data on a series of variables to deter-mine their influence and the type of content. Among the results we found that most channels have a business sup-port, for purely economic purposes, where the image of the child is the object of business. The influence exercised by children YouTubers in other minors is very high, be-cause they are in a stage of identity construction, this fact is used by brands to include publicity. Finally, the global character of this phenomenon is highlighted, which hap-pens in different geographical points of the plane

Accessibility and Activity-Centered Design for ICT Users: ACCESIBILITIC Ontology

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are involved in daily human activities. Accessibility guarantees that individuals with different abilities can interact with ICTs. User pro le models are an explicit representation of the characteristics of an individual and are used to reason about what users need. They are implemented through ontologies. After identifying common and different aspects among important ontologies in the domain of accessibility and e-inclusion, we designed and implemented the ACCESIBILITIC ontology applying the NeOn methodology, speci cally by reusing and reengineering these ontologies. The strengths of our model include the user's ability to develop a high variety of activities despite his/her disabilities, support for inference processes, and providing answers to several competency questions. ACCESIBILITIC allows the representation of suitable technical support based on the user's capabilities when interacting with ICTs. To this end, we use an activity-centered design (ACD), which allows us to identify daily activities and to match these activities with a suitable technology to perform them.This research work is funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness - Agencia Estatal de Investigación - with European Regional Development Funds (AEI/FEDER, UE) through the project ref. TIN2016-79484-R