Relationship between bullying and emotional and social status among primary scholars

El bullying o acoso escolar entre iguales tiene una elevada prevalencia, manifestándose cada vez a edades más tempranas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue examinar la relación entre el bullying, el estatus social y la sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva en niños de 9 a 12 años. La muestra estuvo formada por niños pertenecientes a 10 aulas de cuarto a sexto curso de Educación Primaria. Se empleó el Test de Evaluación de la Agresividad entre Escolares (Bull-S) para examinar los perfiles de bullying y el estatus social de los niños, y la versión de 30 ítems de la Escala Revisada de Ansiedad y Depresión Infantil (RCADS-30) para evaluar síntomas emocionales. Los resultados revelaron que el 17.70% de los alumnos estaba directamente implicado en situaciones de bullying. Además se encontraron diferencias significativas en cuanto a las características de los perfiles de observadores u otros, agresores o acosadores, víctimas y víctimas-agresoras. Así, las víctimas presentaron mayores niveles de sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva, específicamente ansiedad por separación y depresión mayor. Estas puntuaciones fueron especialmente marcadas en las chicas respecto de los chicos. En cuanto al estatus social los sujetos agresores muestran puntuaciones significativamente mayores en las variables rechazo y expectativa de rechazo comparativamente con los sujetos observadores e, incluso, los sujetos víctimas. Estos datos señalan la necesidad de considerar el estatus sociométrico y la sintomatología emocional asociada a los diferentes roles del bullying en el diseño de programas de prevención escolar y la conveniencia del análisis de estas dinámicas desde la Educación Primaria.Bullying has a high prevalence and its presence is increasing in the young population. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between bullying, social status, and the anxiety and depression symptoms in children aged 9 to 12. The sample consisted of children from 10 classrooms of fourth to sixth grade level from primary schools. We assess aggressiveness among students (Bull-S Test) to examine the bullying profiles, the social status of children, and the 30-item version of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS-30) to assess emotional symptoms. The results revealed that 17.70% of the students were directly involved in bullying situations. Additionally, we found significant differences concerning the characteristics of the profiles of observers or others, bullies, victims, and bullies-victims. Thus, the victims presented higher levels of anxious and depressive symptoms, specifically separation anxiety and major depression. These scores were especially noteworthy for girls. Regarding social status, bullies show scores significantly higher in rejection and expectation of rejection compared to the observers and victims. These data indicate the need to consider the sociometric status and emotional symptomatology associated to the different roles of bullying in the design of school prevention programs and the convenience of the analysis of these dynamics from the early stage of primary school

Structure and energetics of high index Fe, Al, Cu and Ni surfaces using equivalent crystal theory

Equivalent crystal theory (ECT) is applied to the study of multilayer relaxations and surface energies of high-index faces of Fe, Al, Ni and Cu. Changes in interplanar spacing as well as registry of planes close to the surface and the ensuing changes of surface energies are discussed in reference to available experimental data and other theoretical calculations. Since ECT is a semiempirical method, we investigate the dependence of the results on the variation of the input used.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

Multilayer Relaxation and Surface Energies of Metallic Surfaces

The perpendicular and parallel multilayer relaxations of fcc (210) surfaces are studied using equivalent crystal theory (ECT). A comparison with experimental and theoretical results is made for AI(210). The effect of uncertainties in the input parameters on the magnitudes and ordering of surface relaxations for this semiempirical method is estimated. A new measure of surface roughness is proposed. Predictions for the multilayer relaxations and surface energies of the (210) face of Cu and Ni are also included.Departamento de Físic

Effects of psychological intervention in memory, learning ability and executive function of a young-adult with OCD

En las últimas décadas los estudios neuropsicológicos han hallado déficit para atención, memoria y función ejecutiva en sujetos con trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo. Del mismo, modo la literatura ha descrito los tratamientos más eficaces para disminuir la sintomatología obsesiva. Se han evidenciado cambios en el cerebro tras un tratamiento psicológico en el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo. En el presente estudio se evalúan los procesos neuropsicológicos y la sintomatología obsesivo-compulsiva tras seis meses de intervención psicológica en un joven-adulto con trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo. Los resultados muestran una mejora de los procesos cognitivos como la memoria verbal a corto y largo plazo, capacidad de aprendizaje, así como la función ejecutiva. Conclusiones: Este estudio obtiene resultados sobre los efectos de la intervención psicológica en los procesos neuropsicológicos. Futuros estudios deben incluir una muestra mayor de sujetos para ver los efectos neuropsicológicos de los diferentes tratamientos a largo plazo.In recent decades, studies have found neuropsychological deficit in attention, memory and executive function in subjects with obsessive-compulsive disorder. The same way the literature has described the most effective treatments to reduce obsessive symptoms. They have shown changes in the brain after a psychological treatment in obsessive-compulsive disorder. In the present study the neuropsychological processes and obsessive-compulsive symptoms after six months of psychological intervention in a young adult with obsessive-compulsive disorder are evaluated. The results show an improvement in cognitive processes such as verbal short and long term, learning ability and executive function memory. Conclusions: This study obtained results on the effects of psychological intervention on neuropsychological processes. Future studies should include a larger sample of subjects to see the neuropsychological effects of different treatments over time

Atypical modulations of N170 component during emotional processing and their links to social behaviors in ex-combatants

ABSTRACT: Emotional processing (EP) is crucial for the elaboration and implementation of adaptive social strategies. EP is also necessary for the expression of social cognition and behavior (SCB) patterns. It is well-known that war contexts induce socio-emotional atypical functioning, in particular for those who participate in combats. Thus, ex-combatants represent an ideal non-clinical population to explore EP modulation and to evaluate its relation with SCB. The aim of this study was to explore EP and its relation with SCB dimensions such as empathy, theory of mind and social skills in a sample of 50 subjects, of which 30 were ex-combatants from illegally armed groups in Colombia, and 20 controls without combat experience. We adapted an Emotional Recognition Task for faces and words and synchronized it with electroencephalographic recording. Ex-combatants presented with higher assertion skills and showed more pronounced brain responses to faces than Controls. They did not show the bias toward anger observed in control participants whereby the latter group was more likely to misclassify neutral faces as angry. However, ex-combatants showed an atypical word valence processing. That is, words with different emotions yielded no differences in N170 modulations. SCB variables were successfully predicted by neurocognitive variables. Our results suggest that in ex-combatants the links between EP and SCB functions are reorganized. This may reflect neurocognitive modulations associated to chronic exposure to war experiences

Intertidal endolithic fauna and it's relationship to the mineralogical, physical and chemical characteristics of the substrate

Mineral composition, granulometry, cohesion, relative and absolute density, and the pH of samples of the Santa Elena sedimentary rock shoal (37°56′02″ S; 58°11′35″ W; Argentina) were determined in order to relate the endolithic fauna with the properties of the substrate. Twenty three samples were collected in December 1987, applying a systematic sampling method to an intertidal area of 5 500 m2. The mineral composition was determined using x-ray diffraction. Cohesion was determined by visual evaluation of the disintegration of the sample following various periods of immersion in water and by recording the resistance to compressive fracture according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard. The ASTM standard was also followed for measurement of absolute and relative densities and porosity. The rock was ground up in distilled water and the pH of the resulting liquid measured over a period of 24 h. The data were analysed using numerical taxonomy, and in a supplementary study a granulometric analysis was attempted using five representative samples. The endolithic species selected were: the sipunculanThemiste petricola; the polychaetes Polydora sp. and Pherusa sp., and the bivalvesLithophaga patagonica, Petricola patagonica, Saxicava solida, Barnea lamellosa, andPholadidea darwini. The mineral analysis indicated heterogeneous composition and spatial distribution characteristic of a loess. In terms of cohesion, the substrate displayed varying degrees of disintegration, with resistance ranging from zero to very high (254.6 kg/cm2). The endolithic faunaThemiste petricola, Polydora sp.,Pherusa sp.,Lithophaga patagonica, Petricola patagonica, andSaxicava solida were found in areas of low to very high cohesion, with or without calcite. The Pholadidae were found in areas of zero to low cohesion, with absence or traces of calcite. This study indicates the important role of cohesion in determining the distribution of the endolithic fauna.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Thermal Stability of Sol-Gel Derived 6 Mole%CaO-ZrO₂ Ceramics

The thermal behavior of the hyperfine interaction at Zr sites on two sol-gel derived 6 mole% CaO-ZrO₂ powders, obtained from the particulate and non-particulate regimes, has been studied by Perturbed Angular Correlations and complementary techniques. The aim was to get experimental support on the thermal stability of the obtained material in order to see the advantages of the different preparation regimes. The results could be interpreted in terms of the different microstructures and nanoscopic configurations exhibited by the resulting powders. After crystallization both powders showed the hyperfine nanoconfigurations of metastable tetragonal zirconia. In the sample obtained following the hydrolysis and the condensation processes via a particulate regime, the undesirable phase transformation towards the monoclinic form of zirconia is inhibited up to higher temperatures.Instituto de Física La Plat

High-resolution TDPAC measurement in K₂ZrF₆

A time resolution of 2τ=0.75 ns, achieved with a conventional TDPAC setup with FCs detectors, allowed a determination of the very high electric field gradient at Hf impurity sites in K2ZrF6. Simple theoretical calculations seem to indicate that nearest neighbours are responsible for the interaction observed.Departamento de Físic