Características anatômicas da cateterização da uretra e bexiga de camundongos e ratos fêmeas. Instrumento essencial na pesquisa pré clínica

To present fundamental anatomical aspects and technical skills necessary to urethra and urinary bladder catheterization in female mice and rats. Urethral and bladder catheterization has been widely utilized for carcinogenesis and cancer research and still remains very useful in several applications: from toxicological purposes as well as inflammatory and infectious conditions to functional aspects as bladder dynamics and vesicoureteral reflux, among many others. Animal models are in the center of translational research and those involving rodents are the most important nowadays due to several advantages including human reproducibility, easy handling and low cost. Although technical and anatomical pearls for rodent urethral and bladder access are presented as tackles to the advancement of lower urinary tract preclinical investigation in a broaden sight, restriction to female animals hampers the male microenvironment, demanding future advances262Apresentar aspectos anatômicos fundamentais e habilidades técnicas necessárias para cateterismo da uretra e bexiga em ratos e camundongos fêmeas. Cateterismo vesical tem sido amplamente utilizado na pesquisa do câncer e carcinogênese, além de várias outras aplicações, desde fins toxicológicos, condições inflamatórias e infecciosas até aspectos funcionais como a dinâmica vesical e refluxo vesico-ureteral, entre muitos outros. Os modelos animais estão no centro da investigação de translação e os roedores são os mais importantes devido a várias vantagens, incluindo reprodutibilidade humana, o fácil manuseio e baixo custo. Apesar de permitir o desenvolvimento da investigação pré-clínica do trato urinário inferior, o modelo se restringe aos animais do sexo feminino, de modo que avanços futuros são necessário

Anatomical Features Of The Urethra And Urinary Bladder Catheterization In Female Mice And Rats. An Essential Translational Tool.

To present fundamental anatomical aspects and technical skills necessary to urethra and urinary bladder catheterization in female mice and rats. Urethral and bladder catheterization has been widely utilized for carcinogenesis and cancer research and still remains very useful in several applications: from toxicological purposes as well as inflammatory and infectious conditions to functional aspects as bladder dynamics and vesicoureteral reflux, among many others. Animal models are in the center of translational research and those involving rodents are the most important nowadays due to several advantages including human reproducibility, easy handling and low cost. Although technical and anatomical pearls for rodent urethral and bladder access are presented as tackles to the advancement of lower urinary tract preclinical investigation in a broaden sight, restriction to female animals hampers the male microenvironment, demanding future advances.26 Suppl 2106-1

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Correlation between the presence of inguinal hernia and the intensity of lower urinary tract symptoms Correlação entre a presença de hérnia inguinal e a intensidade dos sintomas do trato urinário inferior

PURPOSE: To verify the correlation between the presence of IH and the intensity of LUTS related to BPH quantified through the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). METHODS: We prospectively selected 52 patients over the age of 55years; Patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1: composed of 32 patients with IH; Group 2 (control group): composed of 20 patients with no clinical evidence of IH. All patients were assessed using the IPSS, uroflowmetry (Qmax), post-void residual urine volume (PVR) and prostate volume (PV). RESULTS: Groups 1 and 2 presented no difference in PV (p>0.05) and uroflowmetry (Qmax) (p>0.05). There was a statistical significant difference between the PVR mean values between groups 1 and 2. The presence of IH correlated with a higher IPSS score (r=0.38 p<0.05) despite the fact the no difference was detected between the incidence of patients with mild, moderate and severe LUTS in groups 1 and 2. CONCLUSION: Patients with IH present higher IPSS. The role of IPSS as a marker to predict the development of clinical IH still to be determined.<br>OBJETIVO: Verificar a correlação entre a presença de HI e a intensidade dos STUI quantificados através do escore internacional de sintomas prostáticos (IPSS). MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados prospectivamente 52 pacientes com idade superior a 55 anos; os pacientes foram divididos em 2 grupos. Grupo 1: composto por 32 pacientes portadores de IH, Grupo 2 (grupo controle): composto por 20 pacientes sem evidência clínica de IH. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: sintomas urinários, quantificados através do IPSS; fluxo urinário máximo (Qmax), obtido através da fluxometria livre; resíduo pós miccional (RM) e volume prostático (VP), obtido através do ultrassom transretal. RESULTADOS: Os grupos 1 e 2 não apresentaram diferença significativa em relação ao Qmax e VP (p>0.05). Foi detectada diferença estatística significativa entre em relação ao VR entre os grupos 1 e 2 (p<0.05). A presença de HI se correlacionou com o aumento da intensidade dos STUI (r=0,38; p<0.05). Não foi detectada diferença estatisticamente significativa entre a incidência de pacientes portadores de STUI, leve, moderado ou intenso entre os grupos 1 e 2. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes portadores de HI apresentam escore de sintomas (IPSS) mais elevados, entretanto o papel dos sintomas urinários como um dos possíveis fatores causadores do aparecimento de HI ainda não foi determinado