Sector industrial

A continuación se exponen los resultados obtenidos a partir del relevamiento a empresas industriales del Partido de General Pueyrredon (PGP), realizado por el Grupo Análisis Industrial (CIEyS, FCEyS, UNMdP), durante el segundo semestre del año 2013 y primeros meses de 2014. Se encuestaron un total de 570 empresas industriales, con una tasa de respuesta del 62%. La información está agregada por ramas de actividad según la segmentación que emplea el Observatorio Pyme, a partir Código Industrial Internacional Uniforme (CIIU) Revisión 3.1 2. La industria del PGP se caracteriza por una predominancia de firmas pequeñas y familiares, con una única planta productiva. A su vez, dos de cada tres empresas realizan producción en serie, y una de cada tres firmas subcontratan parte del proceso productivo. El 65% de las firmas industriales del PGP tienen una marca registrada. También se destaca que un 23% de las empresas vendieron parte de su producción al exterior entre 2011 y 2013, siendo Mercosur, Brasil, Unión Europea, resto de América Latina y el Caribe los principales destinos. Las ramas más exportadoras son Alimenticia pesquera y Maquinarias, equipos y aparatos eléctricos. Asimismo, el 72% de las firmas invirtieron en dicho período, y la capacidad instalada utilizada se ubica en promedio en un 69%. Por último, los esfuerzos de innovación están vinculados principalmente a la adquisición de maquinarias y equipos (43%) y a la Investigación y Desarrollo (31%). Estos resultados y otros serán desarrollados a continuación.Fil: Mauro, Lucía Mercedes. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Graña, Fernando Manuel. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Liseras, Natacha. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Belmartino, Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina

Cumulative influences of a small city and former mining activities on the sediment quality of a subtropical estuarine protected area

This study aimed to evaluate the sediment quality in the estuarine protected area known as Canan,ia-Iguape-Peruibe (CIP-PA), located on the southeastern coast of Brazil. The study was designed considering possible negative effects induced by the city of Canan,ia on the sediment quality of surrounding areas. This evaluation was performed using chemical and ecotoxicological analyses. Sediments were predominantly sandy, with low CaCO3 contents. Amounts of organic matter varied, but higher contents occurred closer to the city, as well as did Fe and Total Recoverable Oils and Greases (TROGs) concentrations. Contamination by Cd and Cu was revealed in some samples, while concentrations of Zn were considered low. Chronic toxicity was detected in all tested sediments and acute toxicity occurred only in sediments collected near the city. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed an association among Cd, Cu, Fe, TROG, fines, organic matter, CaCO3, and chronic toxicity, whereas acute toxicity was found to be associated with Zn and mud. However, because Zn levels were low, acute toxicity was likely due to a contaminant that was not measured. Results show that there is a broad area within the CIP-PA that is under the influence of mining activities (chronic toxicity, moderate contamination by metals), whereas poorer conditions occur closer to Canan,ia (acute toxicity); thus, the urban area seems to constitute a relevant source of contaminants for the estuarine complex. These results show that contamination is already capable of producing risks for the local aquatic biota, which suggests that the CIP-PA effectiveness in protecting estuarine biota may be threatened

The application of biochemical responses to assess environmental quality of tropical estuaries: field surveys

A battery of biomarkers of exposure (EROD, DBF, GST and GPx) and effect (lipid peroxidation and DNA damage - strand breaks) were analyzed in gill tissues from caged and native oysters Crassostrea rhizophorae exposed to two tropical estuarine systems in SW Brazil: Santos (S1, S2, S3, S4) and Paranagua (P1 - control, P2, P3, P4). The exposure lasted 28 days. Native oysters were sampled in the same areas where caged systems were exposed. Significant induction of biomarkers of exposure to organic compounds and oxidative stress (p < 0.05) were observed in all transplanted individuals from Santos resulting in DNA damage and lipid peroxidation. Biological adverse effects were more evident in oysters transplanted in the Santos Estuarine System, a recognized contaminated area, than in the Paranagua Estuarine System, surrounded by urban areas and Environmental Protected Areas. Native specimens from both estuaries showed adaption to the impacts of several contamination sources affecting the ecosystem. The use of transplanted C. rhizophorae proved to be a suitable tool for assessing and monitoring the environmental quality in mangrove ecosystems. This integrated approach employing multi-biomarker responses under field conditions could be incorporated as a descriptor of health status in tropical estuarine systems.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

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