Increasing uptake to a lung cancer screening programme : Building with communities through co-design

Acknowledgements We would like to acknowledge the contribution of Dr Neil Arnott and all other organisations/individuals who helped engage participants. Funding This work was funded by the Chief Scientist Ofce (COBELT co-design study)Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies novel loci that influence cupping and the glaucomatous process

Glaucoma is characterized by irreversible optic nerve degeneration and is the most frequent cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Here, the International Glaucoma Genetics Consortium conducts a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of vertical cup-disc ratio (VCDR), an important disease-related optic nerve parameter. In 21,094 individuals of European ancestry and 6,784 individuals of Asian ancestry, we identify 10 new loci associated with variation in VCDR. In a separate risk-score analysis of five case-control studies, Caucasians in the highest quintile have a 2.5-fold increased risk of primary open-angle glaucoma as compared with those in the lowest quintile. This study has more than doubled the known loci associated with optic disc cupping and will allow greater understanding of mechanisms involved in this common blinding condition

Polygenic prediction of educational attainment within and between families from genome-wide association analyses in 3 million individuals

We conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of educational attainment (EA) in a sample of ~3 million individuals and identify 3,952 approximately uncorrelated genome-wide-significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A genome-wide polygenic predictor, or polygenic index (PGI), explains 12-16% of EA variance and contributes to risk prediction for ten diseases. Direct effects (i.e., controlling for parental PGIs) explain roughly half the PGI's magnitude of association with EA and other phenotypes. The correlation between mate-pair PGIs is far too large to be consistent with phenotypic assortment alone, implying additional assortment on PGI-associated factors. In an additional GWAS of dominance deviations from the additive model, we identify no genome-wide-significant SNPs, and a separate X-chromosome additive GWAS identifies 57

Design Thinking for Social Innovation in Health Care:a local perspective, the City of Dundee, Scotland

Health Equality is a social and behavioural problem as well as a medical one, and it constitutes one of the most pressing challenges worldwide. If we take the City of Dundee as an example, and look at a recent report on the situation of people who are at risk of homelessness, in the city (Fernandes and Sharp, 2015), the key issues identified by people exposed to this potential reality were ‘money/benefits’ (78%) followed by ‘unemployment’ (68%) and ‘food’ (60%). The immediate context of the City of Dundee’s wellbeing is important and will be touched upon, however, in this paper we focus on future scenarios, especially how the infrastructures for tomorrow’s health and social care issues can be considered today. We know in the UK, it is estimated there will be more than 8 million people over the age of 80 living in our cities by 2050 (Cracknell, 2010). Given the direct link between education and health and, the natural deterioration and the increased occurrence of ill health as people grow older, with greater occurrences of cancer, dementia and hip replacements for example, there is an exigency to rethink normal ways of working.Three projects will be discussed. The first looks at the design of a new method to facilitate entrepreneurship, and nurture a relation between social innovation, design thinking and healthcare. It brings together the sprint method – a process to inculcate radical change - with the theory and practice of design thinking, to hold participants in an iterative phase of learning and development. With a focus on design for social innovation in healthcare (e.g. breast cancer, anxiety, depression) we will share how this agile way of working demonstrates a new strategy for pedagogy, one which champions partnership and unites different educational communities with their associated industry links.The second case study ‘Healthcare Designed in Dundee’ discusses design as a strategy for social transformation, developing an understanding of the potential value of service design in supporting health and social care infrastructure and ecosystems. The premise of both studies is that if design is innovation and innovation is design, it is not ill conceived to consider what, how and where design can strategically help solve the social and behavioural problem that is Health Equality.Finally, the third case study will reflect on the challenges and opportunities encountered when developing our pedagogic theory and practical approaches for integrating health and social issues into the design curriculum. Paying particular attention to how technology has been used to build working prototypes to test and share ideas, the case study will draw upon the personal experience of teaching staff in relation to the following student work: Pulse, a wrist worn device designed specifically to tackle mild depression through exercise. One Heart, an intimate toolkit aimed at encouraging personal engagement and responsibility in hypertension treatment. Unfold, a personal toolkit designed for family members with caring responsibilities for those with dementia