The role of words in the development of reading comprehension, with the mediation of ICT

La presente investigación de tipo cuasiexperimental, busca dar respuesta la pregunta ¿Se desarrolla la comprensión lectora, con la mediación de las TIC, al reconocer la función de las palabras?, generada a partir del análisis de resultado de la prueba saber 5 lenguaje, de los estudiantes del Grado Quinto de Educación Básica Primaria del Colegio Antonio Lebrija, la cual evidencia niveles mínimos de comprensión lectora. Por esta razón, se diseña una estrategia a partir de la aplicación de ocho talleres impresos y el uso de una herramienta tecnológica que faciliten a los estudiantes reconocer la función de las palabras dentro de un texto, para el desarrollo de la comprensión lectora. Durante el proceso se seleccionó una muestra de 40 estudiantes de grado quinto de Básica primaria segmentados en dos grupos: Grupo Experimental 20 estudiantes Colegio Antonio Lebrija de Lebrija y Grupo Control 20 estudiantes del colegio Pequeñas Gotitas de Gente de Piedecuesta, a quienes se les aplicó un pretest y un postest, para comparar la incidencia de la estrategia implementada solo en el grupo Experimental. Se concluye que aunque estadísticamente no hubo diferencia significativa entre los Grupos Control y Experimental, se evidencia mayores aciertos en las preguntas de comprensión lectora del GE en el postest respecto al pretest.Resumen 1 1. Planteamiento del Problema 3 Problema de Investigación 5 Objetivo General 7 Objetivos Específicos 8 Hipótesis 8 Justificación 8 Limitaciones y Delimitaciones 9 Limitaciones 9 Delimitaciones 10 Definición de Términos 11 2. Marco teórico 14 Mediación: Lev Vygotsky 14 Teoría de Piaget: desarrollo evolutivo 15 Lenguaje 17 Sintaxis 21 Investigaciones empíricas 29 3. Metodología 38 Método de Investigación 38 Población y Muestra 41 Marco Contextual 42 Instrumentos 44 Variables de la Investigación 47 Prueba Piloto 49 Procedimiento en la aplicación de instrumentos 49 Análisis de datos 50 Aspectos éticos 51 4. Resultados 53 Descripción de la población 53 Resultados 54 Análisis Pretest 54 Análisis Postest 59 Análisis antes y después 64 5. Conclusiones 66 Resultados en el proceso de la investigación 66 Cumplimiento de los objetivos propuestos 67 Recomendaciones y sugerencias 68 Referencias 70 Apéndices 77 Curriculum vitae: Hermencia Rocio Pico 105 Curriculum vitae: José Luis Silva cordero 106MaestríaThe present investigation of quasiexperimental type, seeks to answer the question: Does the reading comprehension develop, with the mediation of the TIC, on having recognized the function of the words? generated from the analysis of the result of the test Saber 5º Language, students in the fifth grade of Primary Basic Education of the School Antonio Lebrija, which evidence minimum levels of reading comprehension. For this reason, a strategy is designed from the application of eight printed workshops and the use of a technological tool that facilitate the students to recognize the function of the words inside a text, for the development of the reading comprehension. During the process it was selected a sample of 40 students in fifth grade of primary basic segmented in two groups: Experimental Group 20 students of School Antonio Lebrija from Lebrija and Control Group 20 students of School “Pequeñas Gotitas de Gente” from Piedecuesta, to whom were applied a pretest and posttest, to compare the incidence of the strategy implemented only in the experimental group. It concludes that although statistically there was not significant difference between the control and experimental group, it is evidenced greater successes in the questions of reading comprehension of GE in the posttest respect to pretest.Modalidad Presencia

Propuesta de mejora de la productividad en el área de maquinado de una empresa del sector industrial metalmecánico utilizando la metodología Estudio del Trabajo

Esta investigación se ha elaborado con el propósito de desarrollar las técnicas del estudio de trabajo en una empresa del sector metalmecánico, con la finalidad de estimar la factibilidad de la metodología para mejorar la productividad en el área de maquinado. En función al objetivo, primero se evaluó el estado actual de los indicadores de la productividad luego, se empleó las técnicas estudio de métodos y medición de tiempos con el soporte de las herramientas lluvia de ideas, Ishikawa, matriz de priorización, Pareto y diagrama de árbol, el cual, permitió analizar y priorizar los factores más críticos, siendo estos, ausencia de métodos de trabajo, falta de un tiempo estándar en los procesos de maquinado, escasa o nula gestión de capacitación al personal, falta de mantenimiento de máquinas que atribuyen la baja productividad en el área de maquinado. Con base a lo propuesto, se desarrolla cada etapa de las técnicas de estudio de trabajo los cuales facilitaron la evaluación y control del proceso de maquinado. De esta manera, se proponen alternativas de un nuevo método de trabajo, estandarización de tiempo del proceso y un procedimiento de capacitación para los trabajadores, con esto, se estima la disminución del tiempo del proceso de maquinado de la zapata-MN de 309 min a 287 min. En efecto, se aumenta la producción de 646,55 kg/h a 745,68 kg/h. Por esta razón, la productividad se incrementa de 74% a 85%. En resumen, se concluye que la propuesta de la metodología permite una variación de 15.33% en la productividad del área de maquinado. Puesto que, agiliza y simplifica el trabajo.Trabajo de investigaciónCampus Lima Centr

Capsule growth in Cryptococcus neoformans is coordinated with cell cycle progression

UNLABELLED: The fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans has several virulence factors, among which the most important is a polysaccharide capsule. The size of the capsule is variable and can increase significantly during infection. In this work, we investigated the relationship between capsular enlargement and the cell cycle. Capsule growth occurred primarily during the G1 phase. Real-time visualization of capsule growth demonstrated that this process occurred before the appearance of the bud and that capsule growth arrested during budding. Benomyl, which arrests the cells in G2/M, inhibited capsule growth, while sirolimus (rapamycin) addition, which induces G1 arrest, resulted in cells with larger capsule. Furthermore, we have characterized a mutant strain that lacks a putative G1/S cyclin. This mutant showed an increased capacity to enlarge the capsule, both in vivo (using Galleria mellonella as the host model) and in vitro. In the absence of Cln1, there was a significant increase in the production of extracellular vesicles. Proteomic assays suggest that in the cln1 mutant strain, there is an upregulation of the glyoxylate acid cycle. Besides, this cyclin mutant is avirulent at 37°C, which correlates with growth defects at this temperature in rich medium. In addition, the cln1 mutant showed lower intracellular replication rates in murine macrophages. We conclude that cell cycle regulatory elements are involved in the modulation of the expression of the main virulence factor in C. neoformans. IMPORTANCE: Cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic fungus that has significant incidence worldwide. Its main virulence factor is a polysaccharide capsule that can increase in size during infection. In this work, we demonstrate that this process occurs in a specific phase of the cell cycle, in particular, in G1. In agreement, mutants that have an abnormal longer G1 phase show larger capsule sizes. We believe that our findings are relevant because they provide a link between capsule growth, cell cycle progression, and virulence in C. neoformans that reveals new aspects about the pathogenicity of this fungus. Moreover, our findings indicate that cell cycle elements could be used as antifungal targets in C. neoformans by affecting both the growth of the cells and the expression of the main virulence factor of this pathogenic yeast.O.Z. is funded by grants SAF2008-03761 and SAF2011-25140 from the Spanish Ministry for Economics and Competitivity. R.G.-R. is supported by an FPI fellowship (reference BES-2009-015913) from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. N.T.-C. is supported by an FPI fellowship (reference BES-2012-051837) from the Spanish Ministry for Economics and Competitivity. A.C. is supported by NIH grants HL059842-3, A1033774, A1052733, and AI033142. R.J.B.C. is supported by T32 AI07506 (NIH/NIAID).S

Surveillance and epidemiology of Herpes Zoster in Spain

[ES] Fundamentos: El herpes zóster (HZ) aparece debido a la reactivación de la infección latente por el virus de la varicela-zóster y está asociado a la inmunosupresión y al envejecimiento. El HZ es de creciente importancia en las sociedades avanzadas. La vacunación se vislumbra como una potente herramienta para reducir el zóster y su principal complicación: la neuralgia postherpética. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la tendencia temporal y la distribución por grupos de edad y sexo de los casos, hospitalizaciones y muertes por HZ en España entre 1998 y 2018. Métodos: Se analizaron los casos de HZ notificados a la Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica entre 2014-2018, las hospitalizaciones por HZ del registro RAE-CMBD entre 1998-2018 y las muertes por HZ de la Estadística de Mortalidad del INE entre 1999-2018. Se calcularon: tasas de incidencia, hospitalización (TH) y mortalidad (TM) anual y de periodo; tasas globales y por grupos de edad y sexo, así como porcentaje y porcentaje acumulado de casos y hospitalizaciones por grupos de edad. Resultados: La incidencia global de HZ se estimó en 351,6 por cada 100.000 habitantes y en 625,5 por cada 100.000 habitantes en personas de 50 años o más. La incidencia se incrementó con la edad, sobre todo a partir de los 50-54 años (incremento del 41% respecto al grupo de 45-49 años) y fue siempre más alta en mujeres. La TH global por HZ fue 6,75 por cada 100.000 habitantes y 15,7 por cada 100.000 habitantes en personas de 50 años o más. La TH fue creciendo con la edad, sobre todo a partir de los 60-64 años (incremento del 50% respecto al grupo de 54-59 años) y resultó siempre más alta en hombres. El 68,8% de casos y el 80,2% de hospitalizaciones por HZ ocurrieron a partir de los 50 años. Conclusiones: En España, el HZ es una entidad frecuente y grave en adultos y personas mayores, que requiere intervenciones en Salud Pública. Los cambios demográficos y la incorporación de la vacunación exigen seguir monitorizando estrechamente el comportamiento del HZ en términos de incidencia y gravedad. [EN] Background: Herpes Zoster (HZ) results from reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus infection and is associated with immunosuppression and ageing. HZ is of increasing importance in advanced societies. Vaccination appears as a powerful tool to reduce HZ as well as postherpetic neuralgia, the main zoster complication. This study aims to describe the temporal trend, the age and sex distribution of cases, hospitalisations and deaths by zoster occurred in Spain between 1998 and 2018. Methods: The available information for zoster in Spain were used: cases from National Surveillance System (2014-2018), registries from Spanish hospitalisation database (1998-2018) and deaths from the Spanish mortality statistics (1999-2018). Incidence, hospitalization (HR) and mortality (MR) rates per year and period were calculated. Rates by age group and sex as well as percentage and cumulative percentage for cases and hospitalisations by age group, were also calculated. Results: The global HZ incidence was 351.6/100,000 inhabitants and 625.5/100,000 among population aged 50 and over. The incidence increases with age, especially from the age of 50-54 years (41% increase over the 45-49 age group) and is always higher in women. The global HR was 6.75/100,000 and 15.7/100,000 in persons aged 50 and over; HR increases with age, especially from 60-64 years onwards (50% increase over 54-59 age group) and is always higher in men. The 68.8% of cases and 80.2% of hospitalisations for HZ occurred from the age of 50. Conclusions: In Spain HZ is a frequent and severe entity in adults and elderly people requiring public health interventions. The demographic changes and the introduction of vaccination require continued monitoring of HZ behaviour in terms of incidence and severity.S

“The COVID 19 pandemic worsened my living and working conditions”. A qualitative research study of female Brazilian immigrants in Oporto

Immigrant women face a double vulnerability, being a woman and an immigrant, a situation that hinders their entry into the labor market and worsens their working conditions and occupational health with respect to the native population. The objective of these women is to seek employment or educational opportunities and improving their own lives and those of their families. All this is affected by the axes of gender, ethnicity, migration and socioeconomic level, as well as being confronted with the patriarchal structure of exercise of power and domination. These situations of inequality have aggravated due to the COVID-19 pandemic, worsening working conditions and their occupational health. This study aims to explore the working conditions of the female Brazilian immigrant population living in Porto (Portugal) and how these conditions may affect their health. Qualitative research through semi-structured interviews conducted during the second wave of the COVID19 pandemic was used. The results show of them had work overload, manifesting anxiety and stress. Physical affectations related to poor work ergonomics and the lack of occupational health examinations in working immigrant women is highlighted. The importance of strengthening migration policies related to occupational health is highlighted. In pandemic situations, the vulnerability of these women increases, worsening their overall healthinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Multivariate analysis and extraction of parameters in resistive RAMs using the Quantum Point Contact model

A multivariate analysis of the parameters that characterize the reset process in RRAMs has been performed. The different correlations obtained can help to shed light on the current components that contribute in the Low Resistance State (LRS) of the technology considered. In addition, a screening method for the Quantum Point Contact (QPC) current component is presented. For this purpose the second derivative of the current has been obtained using a novel numerical method which allows determining the QPC model parameters. Once the procedure is completed, a whole RS series of thousands of curves is studied by means of a genetic algorithm. The extracted QPC parameter distributions are characterized in depth to get information about the filamentary pathways associated with LRS in the low voltage conduction regime.Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness TEC2014-52152-C3-2-R , MTM2013-47929-P (also supported by the FEDER program)IMB-CNM Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness TEC2014-52152-C3-1-R and TEC2014-54906-JIN (supported by the FEDER program)ENIAC Joint Undertaking-PANACHE project.Spanish ICTS Network MICRONANOFAB

Epidemiology of Herpes Zoster in Spain

[ES] El Herpes Zóster (HZ) resulta de la reactivación de la infección latente por el virus de la varicela-zóster (VVZ) y es una patología frecuente que está asociada a estados de inmunosupresión y al envejecimiento. Se presenta el análisis de la información disponible en cuanto a incidencia y hospitalizaciones por Herpes Zóster y por su principal complicación, la Neuralgia Post-Herpética, en España entre 1998 y 2018. El HZ es una entidad de la edad adulta, las formas graves y las complicaciones del zóster ocurren más en las edades avanzadas de la vida. La eventual incorporación al calendario de la vacunación de HZ en los adultos necesitará de una monitorización estrecha del HZ en los próximos años. [EN] Herpes Zoster (HZ) is the reactivation of latent infection by the varicella-zoster virus (VVZ) and is a pathology associated with states of immunosuppression and aging. The analysis of the available information regarding incidence and hospitalizations for HZ and Post-herpetic Neuralgia in Spain between 1998 and 2018 is presented. HZ is a mainly adult entity. Complications like Post-herpetic Neuralgia occur more frequently in advanced ages of life. The eventual recommendation of vaccination against HZ in adults will require close monitoring of HZ in the coming years.N

Bovine milk production in Campeche: prospects and challenges for rural producers' development

Objective: To characterize at the municipal level the productivity of the bovine-milk sector in the state of Campeche; to determine the profitability of the sector and propose improvement schemes to add value to the commercialization of the product. Design / Methodology / Approach: From the Agricultural and Fisheries Information System, variables were obtained: Production (thousands of L), Price ($L-1) and Value of Production (thousands of$) from 2006 to 2018. Through multivariate statistics and analysis, the profitability of the bovine-milk sector from 2013-2018 compared to 2007-2012 was determined. The analyses were completed by an interview with 12 milk producers who gave added value through the manufacture of chesses. Results: A drop in profitability (-8.8%) was found in the sector from 2013-2018 compared to 2007-2012, despite the increase in production of 6.2% that did not compensate for the fall in prices (-14.2%). The regions with the highest productivity were located from the center to the south of the state: Champotón (24.62%), Escárcega (17.36%) and Campeche (16.63%). Limitations / Implications: Adding value to the milk commodity is a priority need in the short term, to avoid abandoning the activity, which could compromise the economy of rural producers. Findings / Conclusions: The Mennonite settlements in Campeche have managed to add value to the cattle-milk sector through the manufacture and sale of artisan chesses. However, the great challenge of the sector is the revaluation of artisan chesses with market strategies that encourage the consumption of local resources in a context of globalization.Objective: To characterize at the municipal level the productivity of the bovine-milk sector in the state of Campeche, Mexico; to determine the profitability of the sector and to propose improvement schemes in order to add value to the commercialization of the product. Design/Methodology/Approach: From the Agricultural and Fisheries Information System, the following variables were obtained: Production (thousands of L), Price ($L-1) and Value of Production (thousands of$) from 2006 to 2018. Through multivariate statistics and analyses, the profitability of the bovine-milk sector from 2013-2018 compared to 2007-2012 was determined. The analyses were completed by an interview with 12 milk producers who gave added value through the manufacture of cheeses. Results: A drop in profitability (-8.8%) was found in the sector from 2013-2018 compared to 2007-2012, despite the increase in production of 6.2% that did not compensate for the fall in prices (-14.2%). The regions with the highest productivity were located from the center to the south of the state: Champotón (24.62%), Escárcega (17.36%), and Campeche (16.63%). Study Limitations/Implications: Adding value to the milk commodity is a priority need in the short term, to avoid abandoning the activity, which could compromise the economy of rural producers. Findings/Conclusions: The Mennonite settlements in Campeche have managed to add value to the bovine-milk sector through the manufacture and sale of artisan cheeses. However, the great challenge of the sector is the revaluation of artisan cheeses with market strategies that encourage the consumption of local resources in a context of globalization

An in vitro approach to evaluate the nutraceutical value of plant foliage against Haemonchus contortus

Nutraceutical plants provide nutrients for the animal as well as secondary compounds that can affect the biology and survival of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN). Current screening of nutraceutical plants is based on in vitro evidence of anthelmintic (AH) activity against different life stages of GIN, but nutritional information is omitted or scarce. This study proposes an integral in vitro screening protocol to identify the nutraceutical value of the foliage from plant species consumed by small ruminants, using Haemonchus contortus as a biological model. The leaves from Acacia collinsii, A. pennatula, Bunchosia swartziana, Gymnopodium floribundum, Havardia albicans, Leucaena leucocephala, Lysiloma latisiliquum, Mimosa bahamensis, Piscidia piscipula, and Senegalia gaumeri were evaluated for their chemical composition and in vitro digestibility. Acetone:water extracts (70:30) from leaves of each plant were evaluated using the egg hatch assay and larval exsheathment inhibition assay. Respective effective concentrations 50% (EC50) were determined for each assay. The ten plant species showed good nutritional value for ruminants, including crude protein (> 10%), metabolizable energy (> 2.9 MJ/kg DM), and varied CT content (from 1.0 to 37.6%). The best AH activity against H. contortus eggs (EC50 = 401.8 μg/mL) and L3 (EC50 = 83.1 μg/mL) was observed for S. gaumeri extract. Although all the plant species showed in vitro nutraceutical potential, the leaves of S. gaumeri had the best values. The proposed in vitro protocol showed to be useful for the integral assessment of the nutraceutical potential of different plant species as it included the nutritional value and the AH activity against eggs and L3 in the selected plant species