Developing spatial thinking in a local media world : potentialities of mobile augmented reality

Orientador: Tânia Seneme do CantoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de GeociênciasResumo: Nos últimos anos, vimos surgir junto com o uso em massa dos dispositivos móveis, as mídias locativas. Estas têm como funcionalidade agregar a um local específico um determinado conteúdo informacional através do acesso à localização GPS, fazendo emergir novas espacialidades e potencialidades. A ascensão dos dispositivos móveis popularizou o uso de algumas tecnologias, como no caso, a realidade aumentada (RA). Nos dispositivos com funções locativas, alguns aplicativos introduzem o uso da realidade aumentada móvel permitindo a visualização, a inserção e a interação com elementos virtuais geolocalizados que se sobrepõem ao mundo físico-material, em tempo real, o que passa a promover novas possibilidades de interação entre esses elementos e os usuários, estabelecendo uma nova forma na relação entre os lugares, a virtualidade e as pessoas. No que se refere a área de Ensino de Geografia, as pesquisas mais recentes têm apontado para a importância de desenvolvermos nos estudantes uma leitura geográfica do mundo. Tem-se mostrado consenso que esta leitura, por sua vez, está pautada na operação de um conjunto de conhecimentos que atua e desenvolve formas de raciocínio geográfico. Todavia, a operação deste conjunto engloba essencialmente o trabalho com o desenvolvimento do Pensamento Espacial (Spatial Think), que tem natureza interdisciplinar. Para instrumentalizar esta pesquisa, desenvolvemos situações de aprendizagem com um grupo de 6 jovens em idade escolar (12 a 15 anos), em circunstâncias que mobilizaram referenciais espaciais partindo da experimentação e exploração de aplicativos de realidade aumentada móvel. Neste sentido, esta pesquisa busca contribuir com o desenvolvimento do Pensamento Espacial, ao interseccioná-lo com o potencial da realidade aumentada móvel, levando em consideração a necessidade dos novos e multiletramentos e da emergência de um sujeito/estudante com um perfil cognitivo particular da cultura da mobilidade: o leitor ubíquoAbstract: In recent years, we have come up with the mass use of mobile devices, the locative media. These have as functionality add to a specific location a certain informational content through access to GPS location, giving rise to new spatialities and potentialities. The rise of mobile devices has popularized the use of some technologies, such as augmented reality (AR). In devices with locative functions, some applications introduce the use of mobile augmented reality allowing the visualization, insertion and interaction with geo-localized virtual elements that overlap the physical-material world, in real time, which promotes new possibilities of interaction. between these elements and the users, establishing a new form in the relationship between places, virtuality and people. Regarding the area of Geography Teaching, the most recent research has pointed to the importance of developing in students a geographical reading of the world. This reading, in turn, has shown consensus to be based on the operation of a set of knowledge that acts and develops forms of geographical reasoning. However, the operation of this set essentially encompasses the work with the development of Spatial Think, which has an interdisciplinary nature. To instrumentalize this research, we developed learning situations with a group of 6 young people of school age (12 to 15 years), in circumstances that mobilized spatial references starting from the experimentation and exploration of mobile augmented reality applications. In this sense, this research seeks to contribute to the development of (spatial) thinking by intersecting it with the potential of mobile augmented reality, taking into account the need for new and multi-tooling and the emergence of a subject / student with a particular cognitive profile of culture of mobility: the ubiquitous readerMestradoGeografiaMestre em Geografia88882180283201801CAPE

MÍDIAS LOCATIVAS E REALIDADE AUMENTADA: POTENCIALIDADES PARA O ENSINO GEOGRAFIA NA CIBERCULTURA

The emergence of new information and communication technologies reconfigures the human way of life, culture and relations with space. Locative media, which aggregate a specific informational content through access to GPS location, brings to the forefront new spatiality and potentialities, such as the use of augmented reality (RA) technology, which has been diffused and improved with games and applications launched each day, allowing the visualization of virtual elements in the real world, in real time, which is to promote new possibilities of interaction between these elements and users. This article will discuss the uses of augmented reality and its potential for Geography TeachingO surgimento de novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação ressignificam o modo de vida humano, a cultura e as relações com o espaço. As mídias locativas, que agregam a um local específico um determinado conteúdo informacional através do acesso à localização GPS, fazem emergir novas espacialidades e potencialidades, como com o uso tecnologia da realidade aumentada (RA), que tem sido difundida e aperfeiçoada com os jogos e aplicativos lançados a cada dia, permitindo a visualização de elementos virtuais no mundo real, em tempo real, o que passa a promover novas possibilidades de interação entre esses elementos e os usuários. Este artigo discorrerá sobre os usos da realidade aumentada e suas potencialidades para a Geografia e o ensin

O uso do humor gráfico no Ensino de Geografia

t: This paper will address some of the different languages that can be used in Geography Teaching and other disciplines, since the current context is critical to address other languages that peel off to some extent the teaching methods of the traditional school, as the interest in School and enthusiasm of the students are very low. The work has as main objective the study of the use of graphic humor (cartoons, cartoons and comics) in Geography, since working with the cartoons, the cartoons and comic books in the school context, in complementary character written language and other languages, offers an important opportunity to store and produce knowledge. I worked with elementary school students of the Geography PIBID design, development from themes of cartoons of Geography and stories and comics. The work done by students follow in the direction that the thinkers on the subject, the effectiveness and capability of working with this type of language that is somehow an escape taxes educational standards for school traditional. Treat of jobs address either the issue or use of any of its elements, the graphic humor in the annals of ENPEGs - National Meeting of Geography Teaching Practices - the years 2009, 2011 and 2013, the event that is considered the largest country in area Geography Teaching. Although representing a small percentage of the papers presented in these three editions of the event, whose characteristic has different languages and practices to teach geography, the Graphic Humor language have been present and is consolidating as an important ally in the diversification of the modes to teach geography in schools. Resumo: Neste trabalho abordarei algumas de diferentes linguagens que podem ser utilizadas no Ensino de Geografia e em outras disciplinas, uma vez que no contexto atual é fundamental abordar outras linguagens que desprendam até certo ponto dos métodos de ensino da escola tradicional, à medida que o interesse pela escola e entusiasmo dos alunos são bem baixos. O trabalho tem como objetivo principal o estudo do uso do humor gráfico (charges, cartuns e histórias em quadrinhos) na Geografia, uma vez que trabalhar com as charges, os cartuns e as histórias em quadrinhos no contexto escolar, em caráter complementar a linguagem escrita e demais linguagens, oferece uma importante possibilidade de armazenar e produzir conhecimento. Trabalhei com alunos do Ensino Fundamental do projeto PIBID Geografia, o desenvolvimento a partir de temas da Geografia de charges e histórias e quadrinhos. Os trabalhos feitos pelos alunos seguem na direção apontada pelos pensadores sobre a temática, da eficácia e da potencialidade de se trabalhar com este tipo de linguagem, que representa de certa forma, uma fuga aos padrões de ensino impostos pela escola tradicional.Tratarei dos trabalhos que abordam, seja a temática ou utilizam de algum de seus elementos, o humor gráfico nos anais dos ENPEGs ¿ Encontro Nacional de Práticas de Ensino de Geografia - dos anos de 2009, 2011 e 2013, o evento que é considerado o maior do país na área de Ensino de Geografia. Embora que representem um percentual pequeno dos trabalhos apresentados nessas três edições do evento, que tem como característica apresentar diferentes linguagens e práticas para se ensinar a Geografia, a linguagem do Humor Gráfico vêm se mostrando presente e se consolidando como uma importante aliada na diversificação dos modos de se ensinar a Geografia nas escola

Management of coronary disease in patients with advanced kidney disease

BACKGROUND Clinical trials that have assessed the effect of revascularization in patients with stable coronary disease have routinely excluded those with advanced chronic kidney disease. METHODS We randomly assigned 777 patients with advanced kidney disease and moderate or severe ischemia on stress testing to be treated with an initial invasive strategy consisting of coronary angiography and revascularization (if appropriate) added to medical therapy or an initial conservative strategy consisting of medical therapy alone and angiography reserved for those in whom medical therapy had failed. The primary outcome was a composite of death or nonfatal myocardial infarction. A key secondary outcome was a composite of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or resuscitated cardiac arrest. RESULTS At a median follow-up of 2.2 years, a primary outcome event had occurred in 123 patients in the invasive-strategy group and in 129 patients in the conservative-strategy group (estimated 3-year event rate, 36.4% vs. 36.7%; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79 to 1.29; P=0.95). Results for the key secondary outcome were similar (38.5% vs. 39.7%; hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.29). The invasive strategy was associated with a higher incidence of stroke than the conservative strategy (hazard ratio, 3.76; 95% CI, 1.52 to 9.32; P=0.004) and with a higher incidence of death or initiation of dialysis (hazard ratio, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.04 to 2.11; P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with stable coronary disease, advanced chronic kidney disease, and moderate or severe ischemia, we did not find evidence that an initial invasive strategy, as compared with an initial conservative strategy, reduced the risk of death or nonfatal myocardial infarction

Health status after invasive or conservative care in coronary and advanced kidney disease

BACKGROUND In the ISCHEMIA-CKD trial, the primary analysis showed no significant difference in the risk of death or myocardial infarction with initial angiography and revascularization plus guideline-based medical therapy (invasive strategy) as compared with guideline-based medical therapy alone (conservative strategy) in participants with stable ischemic heart disease, moderate or severe ischemia, and advanced chronic kidney disease (an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <30 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 or receipt of dialysis). A secondary objective of the trial was to assess angina-related health status. METHODS We assessed health status with the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) before randomization and at 1.5, 3, and 6 months and every 6 months thereafter. The primary outcome of this analysis was the SAQ Summary score (ranging from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating less frequent angina and better function and quality of life). Mixed-effects cumulative probability models within a Bayesian framework were used to estimate the treatment effect with the invasive strategy. RESULTS Health status was assessed in 705 of 777 participants. Nearly half the participants (49%) had had no angina during the month before randomization. At 3 months, the estimated mean difference between the invasive-strategy group and the conservative-strategy group in the SAQ Summary score was 2.1 points (95% credible interval, 120.4 to 4.6), a result that favored the invasive strategy. The mean difference in score at 3 months was largest among participants with daily or weekly angina at baseline (10.1 points; 95% credible interval, 0.0 to 19.9), smaller among those with monthly angina at baseline (2.2 points; 95% credible interval, 122.0 to 6.2), and nearly absent among those without angina at baseline (0.6 points; 95% credible interval, 121.9 to 3.3). By 6 months, the between-group difference in the overall trial population was attenuated (0.5 points; 95% credible interval, 122.2 to 3.4). CONCLUSIONS Participants with stable ischemic heart disease, moderate or severe ischemia, and advanced chronic kidney disease did not have substantial or sustained benefits with regard to angina-related health status with an initially invasive strategy as compared with a conservative strategy

Health-status outcomes with invasive or conservative care in coronary disease

BACKGROUND In the ISCHEMIA trial, an invasive strategy with angiographic assessment and revascularization did not reduce clinical events among patients with stable ischemic heart disease and moderate or severe ischemia. A secondary objective of the trial was to assess angina-related health status among these patients. METHODS We assessed angina-related symptoms, function, and quality of life with the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) at randomization, at months 1.5, 3, and 6, and every 6 months thereafter in participants who had been randomly assigned to an invasive treatment strategy (2295 participants) or a conservative strategy (2322). Mixed-effects cumulative probability models within a Bayesian framework were used to estimate differences between the treatment groups. The primary outcome of this health-status analysis was the SAQ summary score (scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health status). All analyses were performed in the overall population and according to baseline angina frequency. RESULTS At baseline, 35% of patients reported having no angina in the previous month. SAQ summary scores increased in both treatment groups, with increases at 3, 12, and 36 months that were 4.1 points (95% credible interval, 3.2 to 5.0), 4.2 points (95% credible interval, 3.3 to 5.1), and 2.9 points (95% credible interval, 2.2 to 3.7) higher with the invasive strategy than with the conservative strategy. Differences were larger among participants who had more frequent angina at baseline (8.5 vs. 0.1 points at 3 months and 5.3 vs. 1.2 points at 36 months among participants with daily or weekly angina as compared with no angina). CONCLUSIONS In the overall trial population with moderate or severe ischemia, which included 35% of participants without angina at baseline, patients randomly assigned to the invasive strategy had greater improvement in angina-related health status than those assigned to the conservative strategy. The modest mean differences favoring the invasive strategy in the overall group reflected minimal differences among asymptomatic patients and larger differences among patients who had had angina at baseline

Initial invasive or conservative strategy for stable coronary disease

BACKGROUND Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, whether clinical outcomes are better in those who receive an invasive intervention plus medical therapy than in those who receive medical therapy alone is uncertain. METHODS We randomly assigned 5179 patients with moderate or severe ischemia to an initial invasive strategy (angiography and revascularization when feasible) and medical therapy or to an initial conservative strategy of medical therapy alone and angiography if medical therapy failed. The primary outcome was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or resuscitated cardiac arrest. A key secondary outcome was death from cardiovascular causes or myocardial infarction. RESULTS Over a median of 3.2 years, 318 primary outcome events occurred in the invasive-strategy group and 352 occurred in the conservative-strategy group. At 6 months, the cumulative event rate was 5.3% in the invasive-strategy group and 3.4% in the conservative-strategy group (difference, 1.9 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8 to 3.0); at 5 years, the cumulative event rate was 16.4% and 18.2%, respectively (difference, 121.8 percentage points; 95% CI, 124.7 to 1.0). Results were similar with respect to the key secondary outcome. The incidence of the primary outcome was sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction; a secondary analysis yielded more procedural myocardial infarctions of uncertain clinical importance. There were 145 deaths in the invasive-strategy group and 144 deaths in the conservative-strategy group (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.32). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, we did not find evidence that an initial invasive strategy, as compared with an initial conservative strategy, reduced the risk of ischemic cardiovascular events or death from any cause over a median of 3.2 years. The trial findings were sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction that was used