Fatores preditivos para formação de fibrina na câmara anterior após cirurgia vitreorretiniana

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate possible predictive factors related to anterior chamber fibrin formation after vitreoretinal surgery in a large series of patients.Methods:The data of 185 eyes of 185 patients submitted to vitreoretinal surgery was reviewed. The following variables were evaluated: the postoperatively presence of fibrin, age, diabetes mellitus, the vitrectomy system gauge (20, 23 or 25 gauge), the type of vitreous substitute, the influence of prior surgical procedures and the combination with cataract extraction. To evaluate predictive factors for anterior chamber fibrin formation, univariate analysis was performed. A multivariate stepwise logistic regression model was adjusted to investigate factors associated with fibrin formation (p<0.05).Results:Fibrinoid anterior chamber reaction was found in 12 (6.4%) patients. For multivariate logistic regression analysis, balanced salt solution (BSS), the chance of fibrin occurrence was 5 times greater (odds ratio 4.83, CI 95% 1.302 - 17.892; p=0.019), while combination with phacoemulsification increased the chance of fibrin formation by 20 times (odds ratio 20, CI 95% 2.480 - 161.347; p=0.005). No significant difference was found regarding other variables.Conclusion: Anterior chamber fibrin formation is an unwanted complication after vitreoretinal surgery. Factors such as combined performance of phacoemulsification and the use of balanced salt solution as a vitreous substitute may predispose the occurrence of this complication.Objetivo:Avaliar os possíveis fatores relacionados à formação de fibrina na câmara anterior após cirurgia vitreorretiniana em uma grande série de casos.Métodos:Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo, observacional, caso-controle, onde os dados de 185 olhos de 185 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia vitreorretiniana foram avaliados. Os seguintes dados foram analisados: presença ou não de fibrina na câmara anterior na primeira semana de pós-operatório, idade, presença ou não de diabetes mellitus, calibre do sistema de vitrectomia utilizado (20,23 ou 25 gauge), substituto vítreo, a influência de cirurgias oftalmológicas prévias e a realização de cirurgia de catarata combinada. Para avaliação dos fatores preditivos para formação de fibrina, a análise univariada foi realizada. O modelo de regressão logística multivariada foi utilizado para investigar os fatores associados com a formação de fibrina (p<0,05).Resultados:A presença de fibrina na câmara anterior foi encontrada em 12 (6,4%) pacientes. Pela análise de regressão logística multivariada, o uso de solução salina balanceada (BSS) como substituto vítreo, a chance da presença de fibrina foi 5 vezes maior (odds ratio 4,83, IC 95% 1,302 - 17,892; p=0,019), enquanto que a realização de cirurgia facoemulsificação combinada aumentou a chance de formação de fibrina 20 vezes (odds ratio 20, IC 95% 2,480 - 161,347; p=0,005). Nenhuma diferença estatisticamente significativa foi encontrada para as outras variáveis.Conclusão:A formação de fibrina na câmara é uma complicação indesejada após cirurgia vitreorretiniana. Fatores como realização de cirurgia de facoemulsificação combinada e o uso de BSS como substituto vítreo podem predispor a esta complicação.Universidade Federal de Juiz de ForaHospital de Olhos de Juiz de ForaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)UNIFESPSciEL

Caracterização socioeconômica e tecnológica da atividade de pesca desenvolvida em São João de Pirabas–Pará–BrasilSocioeconomic and technological characterization of fishing on the São João de Pirabas-Pará-Brazil

A atividade de pesca é de grande importância para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico das comunidades litorâneas paraense, sendo ela um dos principais meios de renda para essas comunidades. Com a finalidade de contribuir com informações sobre a pesca realizada no estado do Pará, o presente estudo fez uma caracterização socioeconômica e tecnológica dessa atividade no município de São João de Pirabas, por meio da realização de cinquenta entrevistas semiestruturadas com pescadores locais. Constatou-se que a pesca tem sido uma atividade praticada principalmente por homens adultos (média de 45,6 anos), oriundos de dezesseis municípios paraenses e outros cinco estados brasileiros, com tempo médio de moradia na região de aproximadamente 31 anos. São pescadores com baixo grau de instrução escolar e, em sua maioria, casados (56,0%) e com cerca de três filhos por entrevistado. A média de moradores por residência foi de 4 pessoas, sendo as casas feitas de alvenaria, madeira ou pau-a-pique. A pesca foi a principal atividade de renda e subsistência dos entrevistados, sendo identificadas sete artes de pesca (rede de emalhe, linha e anzol, espinhel, curral, tarrafa, tapagem e matapi), voltadas a captura de pelo menos quinze espécies-alvo, sendo as principais a cavala (Scomberomorus cavalla), serra (S. brasiliensis), pescada gó (Macrodon ancylodon), corvina (Cynoscion spp.), pescada (Cynoscion spp.), bandeirado (Bagre bagre) e tainha (Mugil spp.). Utilizavam embarcações como canoas, canoas motorizadas, barco de pequeno porte e barco de médio porte, que proporcionaram deslocamentos entre 2-300 milhas, com tempo de deslocamento variando entre 0,33-72,0 horas e, tempo de autonomia, pescando entre 0,5-19 dias, sendo a pesca realizada ao longo de todo o ano na região.Abstract The fishing activity has a great importance to the socioeconomic development of Pará coastal communities, as fishing is one of the main means of income for these communities. Thus, the present study is aimed to characterize the socioeconomic and technological aspects of fishing in São João de Pirabas, located on the coast of the state of Pará, by carrying fifty semi-structured interviews with local fishermen. It was found that the fishing has been mostly an activity practiced by adult men (mean 45.6 years), coming from sixteen Pará municipalities and five other Brazilian states, with an average time of residence in the region for about 31years. The respondents had a low level of schooling and, mostly, presented wives (56.0%) and about 3 children. The average number of residents per household was four people, with houses made of brick, wood or wattle-and-daub. Fishing was the main activity of income and livelihood of respondents. Seven gears were identified (network gill nets, hook and line, longline, fish corrals, cast net, basket trap and line net of tide canals), aimed at capturing at least 15 target species, especially mackerel (Scomberomorus cavalla), serraspanish mackerel (Scomberomorus brasiliensis), king weakfish (Macrodon ancylodon), corvina (Cynoscion spp.), hake (Cynoscion spp.), catfish (Bagre bagre), and mullet (Mugil spp.). Fishing was performed throughout the year in the region. The fishermen used boats like canoes, motorized canoes, small-size boat and medium-size boat, to dislocate to fishing areas with distant of 2-300 miles; the travel time ranged from 0.33 to 72.0 hours and, fishing time ranged from 0.5 to 19 days.

The AGC kinase YpkA regulates sphingolipids biosynthesis and physically interacts with SakA MAP kinase in Aspergillus fumigatus

Sphingolipids (SL) are complex lipids and components of the plasma membrane which are involved in numerous cellular processes, as well as important for virulence of different fungal pathogens. In yeast, SL biosynthesis is regulated by the "AGC kinases" Ypk1 and Ypk2, which also seem to connect the SL biosynthesis with the cell wall integrity (CWI) and the High Osmolarity Glycerol (HOG) pathways. Here, we investigate the role of ypkA(YPK1) in SL biosynthesis and its relationship with the CWI and the HOG pathways in the opportunistic human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. We found that ypkA is important for fungal viability, since the 1 ypkA strain presented a drastically sick phenotype and complete absence of conidiation. We observed that under repressive condition, the conditional mutant niiA::ypkA exhibited vegetative growth defects, impaired germination and thermosensitivity. In addition, the ypkA loss of function caused a decrease in glycosphingolipid (GSL) levels, especially the metabolic intermediates belonging to the neutral GSL branch including dihydroceramide (DHC), ceramide (Cer), and glucosylceramide (GlcCer), but interestingly a small increase in ergosterol content. Genetic analyzes showed that ypkA genetically interacts with the MAP kinases of CWI and HOG pathways, mpkA and sakA, respectively, while only SakA physically interacts with YpkA. Our results suggest that YpkA is important for fungal survival through the regulation of GSL biosynthesis and cross talks with A. fumigatus MAP kinase pathways9CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP462383/2014-82009/53546-5; 2015/17541-0; 2017/19694-3This study was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP Grant Numbers: 2009/53546-5, 2015/17541-0, and 2017/19694-3) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq Grant Number 462383/2014-8), Brazil to IM. This work was also supported by NIH grants (AI116420 and AI125770) and by the VA Merit Award grant (I01BX002624) to MDP. The funding body had no role in designing the study or in collecting, analyzing and interpreting the data, or in writing the manuscrip

Identification of strain-specific B-cell epitopes in Trypanosoma cruzi using genome-scale epitope prediction and high-throughput immunoscreening with peptide arrays

BACKGROUND: The factors influencing variation in the clinical forms of Chagas disease have not been elucidated; however, it is likely that the genetics of both the host and the parasite are involved. Several studies have attempted to correlate the T. cruzi strains involved in infection with the clinical forms of the disease by using hemoculture and/or PCR-based genotyping of parasites from infected human tissues. However, both techniques have limitations that hamper the analysis of large numbers of samples. The goal of this work was to identify conserved and polymorphic linear B-cell epitopes of T. cruzi that could be used for serodiagnosis and serotyping of Chagas disease using ELISA. METHODOLOGY: By performing B-cell epitope prediction on proteins derived from pair of alleles of the hybrid CL Brener genome, we have identified conserved and polymorphic epitopes in the two CL Brener haplotypes. The rationale underlying this strategy is that, because CL Brener is a recent hybrid between the TcII and TcIII DTUs (discrete typing units), it is likely that polymorphic epitopes in pairs of alleles could also be polymorphic in the parental genotypes. We excluded sequences that are also present in the Leishmania major, L. infantum, L. braziliensis and T. brucei genomes to minimize the chance of cross-reactivity. A peptide array containing 150 peptides was covalently linked to a cellulose membrane, and the reactivity of the peptides was tested using sera from C57BL/6 mice chronically infected with the Colombiana (TcI) and CL Brener (TcVI) clones and Y (TcII) strain. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS: A total of 36 peptides were considered reactive, and the cross-reactivity among the strains is in agreement with the evolutionary origin of the different T. cruzi DTUs. Four peptides were tested against a panel of chagasic patients using ELISA. A conserved peptide showed 95.8% sensitivity, 88.5% specificity, and 92.7% accuracy for the identification of T. cruzi in patients infected with different strains of the parasite. Therefore, this peptide, in association with other T. cruzi antigens, may improve Chagas disease serodiagnosis. Together, three polymorphic epitopes were able to discriminate between the three parasite strains used in this study and are thus potential targets for Chagas disease serotyping

Intake, nitrogen balance and microbial protein synthesis of steers fed with or without lipid addition

This study investigated the influence of energy supplementation with or without the addition of lipids on microbial production, microbial synthesis efficiency and nitrogen balance. Eight fistulated steers were used with accessible rumens and kept in individual stalls. Their diets consisted of corn silage; corn silage + concentrate; corn silage + concentrate with addition of lipids in the form of soybean oil; and corn silage + concentrate with addition of lipids in the form of soybean grains. Estimates of microbial protein synthesis were obtained based on the urinary excretion of purine derivatives. The concentrations of ammonia in the rumen were determined immediately at 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after feeding. The diets with concentrate increased (P0.05). Concentrated diets presented higher concentrations of urea nitrogen in the serum and urinary urea excretion (P0.05). Energy supplementation, with or without lipid addition, can be used as a strategy to increase the synthesis of the microbial protein in the cattle fed corn silage

Performance, body composition and net requirements of protein and energy for weight gain in steers supplemented with or without addition of lipids

This research aimed to evaluate the performance, body composition and net requirements for protein and energy in grazing Nellore steers supplemented with or without addition of lipids. Twenty-eight steers, 301 ± 5.8 kg BW, were used in the experiment. The comparative slaughter method was used, with four steers used as references. The remaining 24 steers were randomly distributed into four groups, during 180 days, according to treatment: only Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa grass; Mombasa grass with concentrated supplementation based on soybean meal; Mombasa grass with concentrate containing lipids from soybean oil; and Mombasa grass with concentrate containing lipids derived from soybean grains. The total DMI of the steers fed only the pasture did not differ (P > 0.05) from the average intake of the treatments with or without addition of lipids. There were no differences (P > 0.05) between treatments for total daily gain, carcass and non carcass for protein, energy and fat. The requirements of protein and energy did not differ (P > 0.05) among the treatments. When the pasture is of good quality, supplementation does not alter the body composition or the net requirements of protein and energy for weight gain. The supplementations with higher concentrations of lipids (oil and grain) were not enough to promote greater gains in fat and energy in carcass

Growth performance and carcass traits of young nellore bulls supplemented with or without addition of lipids

The aim of research was to evaluate the performance and characteristics of the carcasses of Nellore young bulls in grazing supplemented with or without addition of lipids. Twenty–eight young bulls, 301 ± 5.8 kg in body weight, which four constituted the reference group and the twenty-four remnants were used in the experiment and randomly distributed into four groups according to treatment: only Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa grass; Mombasa grass with concentrated supplementation based on soybean meal; Mombasa grass with concentrate containing lipids from soybean oil; and Mombasa grass with concentrate containing lipids derived from soybean grains. The total dry matter intake of the animals fed only Mombasa grass did not differ from the average intake of the three treatments supplemented with concentrate. There were no differences (P>0.05) between Mombasa grass and diets with concentrate, supplementation with or without lipid and lipids sources in the carcass traits, gastrointestinal tract, organs and loin eye area. Nellore bulls receiving concentrate increased subcutaneous fat thickness compared with bulls that received only Mombasa grass. Nellore young bulls fed Mombasa grass only, supplemented with or without addition of lipids were similar regarding growth performance and carcass traits

PORTA-BANDEIRA NO TERCEIRO MILÊNIO: RODOPIOS DO IMAGINÁRIO

Este estudo versa sobre os imaginários em torno da figura da porta-bandeira que, para alguns, é tida como uma santidade, por outros é tida como uma rainha. O que se objetiva é dar ouvidos às vozes das protagonistas desta discussão para que elas possam dizer, sob sua perspectiva, que lugar é esse que ocupam. A partir dos relatos das portas-bandeiras entrevistadas, este estudo visa trazer os elementos que constituem estes imaginário sobre esta figura que porta o símbolo maior de uma escola de samba. Nossa coleta de informações se dá a partir da oralidade e da experiência de cada uma delas

TERCEIRA MIGRAÇÃO DO TALABARTE

Este estudo parte do questionamento de uma mulher sambista, de comunidade, que quer saber se um homem pode interpretar o papel de porta-bandeira em uma escola de samba. A partir desta pergunta, iniciou-se uma investigação sobre as tensões e negociações que giram no entorno das diversidades que hoje ocupam esse lugar de porta-bandeira, notando-se, assim, que o carnaval está vivendo uma terceira migração deste talabarte que, outrora, fora de responsabilidade do homem que lutava para proteger o pavilhão dos ataques da época; por um grande período fincou tradição sob a responsabilidade das mulheres cis e hoje está sendo assumido por mulheres trans e homens transformista, drag ou cross-dresser, que performam o gênero feminino.