Apresentação Inicial do Material Lítico do Sítio Furna do Estrago

Trabalho apresentado no Simpósio 13 da VI Reunião da SAB Nordeste 202

Resistência ao cancro-da-haste, à cercosporiose e ao oídio de linhagens de soja sem lipoxigenases nas sementes

The soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] crop holds a prominent position in the Brazilian economy because of the extension of the planted area and volume of grain production, but the beany flavor has been a limiting factor for soybean derivatives consumption by western population. This flavor is produced mainly by action of lipoxygenase enzymes (Lox1, Lox2 and Lox3), present in some commercial varieties. The genetic elimination of the alleles that codify these enzymes is the most appropriate way to avoid problems associated to this deleterious flavor. To elucidate the effect of seed lipoxygenase elimination on the resistance to plant pathogens, normal varieties of soybean (FT-Cristalina RCH, Doko RC and IAC-12) and their backcross-derived lines, both with the three lipoxygenases present in their seeds (triple-positive, TP) and without the three lipoxygenases (triple-null, TN), were tested for their resistance to stem canker (Diaporthe phaseolorum f.sp. meridionalis), frogeye leaf spot (Cercospora sojina Hara), and powdery mildew (Microsphaera diffusa Cke. & Pk.). All genetic materials studied were resistant to stem canker. FT-Cristalina RCH and Doko-RC and their TP and TN lines were resistant to frogeye leaf spot. IAC-12 and its derived lines not only presented a higher disease index, but also the derived lines, TP and TN, were more susceptible, indicating the loss of genes for disease resistance in the backcrosses. There was no association between the elimination of lipoxygenases from the seeds with the resistance to frogeye leaf spot. In relation to the powdery mildew, TP or TN lines presented similar or higher resistance than their respective recurrent parents whose susceptibility appeared in the following order: IAC-12, less susceptible, Doko-RC, intermediate and FT-Cristalina RCH, more susceptible.A cultura da soja [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] ocupa lugar de destaque na economia brasileira, tanto em termos de área plantada, quanto de produção de grãos. A presença de gosto de feijão cru tem sido limitante para o consumo de derivados de soja pelos povos ocidentais. Esse sabor característico é proporcionado pelas enzimas lipoxigenases (Lox1, Lox2 e Lox3). A eliminação dessas enzimas, pela manipulação genética dos alelos que as codificam, é a maneira mais adequada de contornar os problemas associados ao sabor desagradável. Visando elucidar a participação das lipoxigenases, no processo de resistência da soja a patógenos, variedades normais de soja (FT-Cristalina RCH, Doko RC e IAC-12) e suas respectivas linhagens obtidas por retrocruzamentos, sem as três lipoxigenases nas sementes (triplo-nulas - TN) e com as três lipoxigenases (triplo-positivas - TP), foram testadas quanto às suas resistências ao cancro-da-haste (Diaporthe phaseolorum f.sp. meridionalis), à cercosporiose (Cercospora sojina Hara) e ao oídio (Microsphaera diffusa Cke. & Pk.). Todos os materiais genéticos foram resistentes ao cancro-da-haste. Com relação à cercosporiose, FT-Cristalina RCH e Doko-RC e suas respectivas linhagens com ou sem lipoxigenases mostraram-se resistentes, enquanto IAC-12 e suas linhagens derivadas mostraram índices de doença mais elevados, sendo que as linhagens IAC-12 TP e TN foram mais suscetíveis, indicando perda de gene de resistência nos retrocruzamentos. Não houve relação entre retirada dos genes que codificam lipoxigenases nas sementes com a resistência à cercosporiose. No caso do oídio, as linhagens TP ou TN apresentaram-se similares ou pouco mais resistentes que seus respectivos progenitores recorrentes, os quais se mostraram suscetíveis na seguinte ordem: IAC-12, menos suscetível, Doko-RC, intermediário e FT-Cristalina RCH, mais suscetível

Artificial neural networks on eggs production data management

Background: Eggs have acquired a greater importance as an inexpensive and high-quality protein. The Brazilian egg industry has been characterized by a constant production expansion in the last decade, increasing the number of housed animals and facilitating the spread of many diseases. In order to reduce the sanitary and financial risks, decisions regard¬ing the production and the health status of the flock must be made based on objective criteria. The use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is a valuable tool to reduce the subjectivity of the analysis. In this context, the aim of this study was at validating the ANNs as viable tool to be employed in the prediction and management of commercial egg production flocks. Materials, Methods & Results: Data from 42 flocks of commercial layer hens from a poultry company were selected. The data refer to the period between 2010 and 2018 and it represents a total of 600,000 layers. Six parameters were selected as “output” data (number of dead birds per week, feed consumption, number of eggs, weekly weight, weekly egg produc¬tion and flock uniformity) and a total of 13 parameters were selected as “input” data (flock age, flock identification, total hens in the flock, weekly weight, flock uniformity, lineage, weekly mortality, absolute number of dead birds, eggs/hen, weekly egg production, feed consumption, flock location, creation phase). ANNs were elaborated by software programs NeuroShell Predictor and NeuroShell Classifier. The programs identified input variables for the assembly of the networks seeking the prediction of the variables called outgoing that are subsequently validated. This validation goes through the comparison between the predictions and the real data present in the database that was the basis for the work. Validation of each ANN is expressed by the specific statistical parameters multiple determination (R2) and Mean Squared Error (MSE). For instance, R2 above 0.70 expresses a good validation. ANN developed for the output variable “number of dead birds per week” presented R2= 0.9533 and MSE= 256.88. For “feed consumption”, the results were R2= 0.7382 and MSE= 274.56. For “number of eggs (eggs/hen)”, the results were R2= 0.9901 and MSE= 172.26. For “weekly weight”, R2= 0.9712 and MSE= 11154.41. For “weekly egg production”, R2= 0.8015 and MSE= 72.60. For “flock uniformity”, R2= -2.9955 and MSE= 431.82. Discussion: From the six ANN designed in this study, in five it was possible to validate the predictions by comparing predictions with the real data. In one output parameter (“flock uniformity”), it was not possible to have adequate validation due to insufficient data in our database. For “number of dead birds per week”, “feed consumption”, “weekly weight” and “uniformity”, the most important variable was “flock age” (27.5%, 52.5%, 55.2% and 37.9%, respectively). For “number of eggs (eggs/hen)”, “uniformity” (52.1%) was the most relevant variable for prediction. For “weekly egg production”, “flock age” and “number of eggs (eggs/hen)” were the most important zootechnical parameters, both with a relative contribution of 38.2%. The results showed that even with the use of a robust tool such as ANNs, it is necessary to have well-noted and clear information that expresses the reality of the flocks. In any case, the results presented allow us to state that ANNs are capable for the management of data generated in a commercial egg production facility. The process of evaluation of these data would be improved if ANNs were routinely used by the professionals linked to this activity

Care to the extreme premature: minimum handling and humanization Cuidado ao prematuro extremo: mínimo manuseio e humanização

Objetivos: Analisar as publicações sobre os riscos do manuseio excessivo em prematuros extremos, e sugerir formas de cuidados ao prematuro extremo que priorize o mínimo manuseio em detrimento de uma rotina estabelecida sem uma avaliação individualizada. Método: Pesquisa descritiva e exploratória, de abordagem qualitativa com revisão integrativa. Foram selecionados 15 artigos, que se subdividiram em duas categorias, assistência humanizada e o cuidado individualizado. Resultados: Os artigos estudados abordavam sobre à humanização e o vínculo mãe-bebê, na busca por um cuidado individualizado que minimizem as conseqüências advindas do tempo de internação relacionado com a prematuridade, mas não versam especificamente sobre o mínimo manuseio na assistência. Conclusão: A ausência de pesquisa nesta área específica configura-se uma lacuna na assistência que poderia reduzir inúmeros agravos ao prematuro extremo. As medidas simples mais essenciais, como um cuidado delicado com mínimo manuseio, respeitando o momento de cada recém-nascido deveriam ser objeto de mais estudos científicos.

Artificial neural networks to predict egg-production traits in commercial laying breeder hens

In recent years, egg production has had an intense growth in Brazil, and Brazilian egg consumption per capita has significantly increased in the last decade. To reduce sanitary and financial risks, decisions regarding the production and health status of the flock must be made based on objective criteria. Our aim was to determine the main “input” variables for the prediction of egg production performance in commercial laying breeder flocks using an ANN model. The software NeuroShellClassifier and NeuroShell Predictor were used to build the ANN. A total of 26 egg-production traits were selected as input variables and eight as output variables. A database of 44,120 Excel cells was generated. For the training and validation of the models, 74.9% and 25.1% of the data were used, respectively. The accuracy of the ANN models was calculated and compared using the analysis of coefficient of multiple determination (R2), mean squared error (MSE), and an assessment of uniform scatter in the residual plots. The models for the outputs “weekly egg production,” “weekly incubated egg,”, “accumulated commercial egg,” and “viability” showed an R2 greater than 0.8. Other models yielded R2 values lower than 0.8. The ANN predicts adequately eight egg-production traits in the breeders of commercial laying hens. The method is an option for data management analysis in the egg industry, providing estimates of the relative contribution of each input variable to the outputs

Dinâmica de uso de psicofármacos e a relação com a psicoterapia psicanalítica na interface da saúde mental: uma revisão integrativa

Introduction: Drug use has been discussed by various authorities and health professionals, and a change in attitude. Among them, psychoanalysts and psychotherapists recognize the importance that the theme has been having in recent decades, considering the rational use of psychotropic drugs as supporting psychoanalytic treatment. Objective: To analyze the use of psychotropic drugs and their relationship with psychoanalytic psychotherapy in the interface of mental health. Methods: This is an integrative review of the MEDLINE Database based on a statement of preferred reports for systematic methods and meta-analyzes (PRISMA) through the descriptors: Psychotropic Drugs and Psychoanalysis Drug Therapy and Drug Misuse and Drug Use and Signs and Symptoms, filtering the results by title and summary specificity and only studies available in their full version and conducted in humans were detected. Results: 42 articles were selected for final analysis. The object of article analysis was submitted to the analyst who treats his patients and conducts clinical trials with drug interaction, as well as therapeutic transfer complement as a clinical resource for treatment of psychoanalytic sessions. In addition, the results of this drug interaction were evidenced as supporting factors in the clinical treatment of clients exposed to the clinical session. Final considerations: The use of psychoactive drugs and psychoanalytic psychotherapy Shows as an association capable of proving interaction and integration of the personality aspects and the psychological structure of the individual. It is a clinical condition that can be stimulated in the mental health treatment of individuals suffering from mental / emotional distress.Introdução: O consumo de medicamentos tem sido discutido por diversas autoridades e profissionais da saúde, proporcionando uma mudança de postura desses. Dentre eles, os psicanalistas e psicoterapeutas reconhecem a tamanha importância que o tema tem tomado nas últimas décadas, considerando o uso racional de psicofármacos como coadjuvantes do tratamento psicanalítico. Objetivo: Analisar o uso de psicofármacos e sua relação com a psicoterapia psicanalítica na interface da saúde mental. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa na Base de Dados MEDLINE realizada de acordo com a declaração de relatórios preferenciais para avaliações sistemáticas e metanálises (PRISMA), através dos descritores Psychotropic Drugs AND Psychoanalysis Therapy AND Drug Misuse AND Drug Utilization AND Signs and Symptoms, filtrando os resultados por especificidade em título e resumo e selecionando apenas estudos disponíveis em sua versão completa e realizados com seres humanos. Resultados: Selecionaram-se 42 artigos para análise final. O objeto de análise dos artigos foi o sujeito analista que trata seus pacientes e realiza observações clínicas com interação medicamentosa, bem como complemento de transferência terapêutica como recurso clínico para o tratamento na sessão psicanalítica. Ademais, os resultados dessa interação medicamentosa foram evidenciados como coadjuvantes no tratamento clínico dos clientes expostos à sessão clínica. Considerações finais: O uso de psicofármacos e psicoterapia psicanalítica apresentou-se como uma associação capaz de prover interação e integração dos aspectos da personalidade e da estrutura psíquica do sujeito. Trata-se de condição clínica que deverá ser estimulada em tratamento de saúde mental de sujeitos acometidos por sofrimento mental/emocional

Study of wound healing in rat skin treated with extract of Hedera helix, L / Estudo da cura de feridas na pele de rato tratada com extrato de Hedera helix, L

The Hera (Hedera helix L) is part of the ARALIACEAE family, is included in the group of plants that produce saponins, has antifungal action, is hypocholesterolemic, has anti-inflammatory activity, is expectorant, antispasmodic and purifying. It was evaluated, by histological studies, the wound healing action of the extract of Hera leaves on skin wounds, as well as changes in the epithelial tissue and wound healing period. 75 Wistar rats were used and divided into five groups, according to the treatment: negative control (PBS), Hera 10 mg/ml, Hera 30 mg/ml, Hera 50 mg/ml and the positive control (Nebacetin). The animals were anesthetized and undergone through a cut of 4 cm in the dorsal region, exposing their muscle fascias. Right after, daily, the suitable substance to each group was applied in the lesion. After periods of 3, 7, 14, 21 days after the surgery, the animals were killed to collect fragments of the lesion. The material was prepared in stained slides with H&E and toluidine blue for histologic analysis. The results showed that at day 14 of treatment, the animals under effect of 30 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml of Hera extract did not present edema. It was also observed a reduction in vascular congestion in the Hera of 30 mg/ml, Hera 50 mg/ml and Nebacetin groups compared to the other groups analyzed. All groups treated with Hera extract showed a reduction of inflammatory cells in day 14 post-lesion, besides the increase of fibroblast this period, showing acceleration in the chronicity of the lesion. Regarding the number of mast cells, a significant increase in the early lesion, in the 3 and 7 days periods was observed, in Hera 50 mg/ml and 30 mg/ml groups, respectively. According to the results, the Hera extract, especially at concentrations of 30 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml accelerated the healing process; based on the decreased permanence period of the edema and congestion of the vessels, as well as changes in the number of cells related to inflammation of lesions