Simulation and Optimization of Electrical Insulation in Power Quality Monitoring Sensors Applied in the Medium-Voltage

Thanks to the Smart Grid initiative, the focus for medium-voltage MV (13.8–34 kV) smart meters leveraged the development of sensors for distribution application. In order to be useful at power quality monitoring, the sensors needs to attend, at least, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61000–4-30 and IEC 61000–4-7 standards with high-accuracy in terms of voltage (less than 0.1%), current (less than 1.0%) and measuring the waveform distortion data up to the 50th harmonic of 50 or 60 Hz alternating frequency. This kind of sensor is built with two capacitors connected in series. The first capacitor is a commercial electronic low-voltage device. One terminal of this capacitor is connected to the medium-voltage (MV) conductor. The second one, is connected to the other capacitor that is constructed using the own sensor packaging. This second capacitor has an electrode, that is connected with the first capacitor and the other terminal is connected to the ground. The voltage is measured between the terminals of the low voltage capacitor. The performance of this capacitor depends on the geometry and the materials used in the electrical insulation. This chapter describes the simulations and modeling of the capacitor electrodes using a finite-elements software, COMSOL Multiphysics, for modeling in order to optimize the performance of sensor in terms of electric field distribution

Modulatory effect of diphenyl diselenide in Carioca High- and Low-conditioned Freezing rats

AbstractDiphenyl diselenide ([PhSe]2)is an organoselenium compound that has interesting pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, glutathione peroxidase-mimetic, and neuroprotective effects. The objective of the present study was to investigate the possible modulatory effect of (PhSe)2 in 17th-generation Carioca high-and low-conditioned freezing (CHF and CLF) rats, an animal model of generalized anxiety disorders. (PhSe)2 was administered at three doses (10, 50, and 100mg/kg) in CHF and CLF rats, and their anxiety-like profiles (conditioned freezing patterns) were measured before and 30min after treatment. A significant difference was found in freezing scores between CHF and CLF animals before treatment (t70=12.50, p<0.001). Treatment with (PhSe)2 at 10 and 50mg/kg decreased freezing in CHF rats but significantly increased freezing at 100mg/kg. (PhSe)2 increased freezing in CLF animals at 50 and 100mg/kg (p<0.01). These results indicate that (PhSe)2 exerts both anxiolytic- and anxiogenic-like effects in bi-directional rat lines. Distinct genetic profiles of the CHF and CLF lines may influence biochemical functions and lead to differential responses to aversive situations and various drugs like (PhSe)2

Less-rigid coating in Ti obtained by laser surface alloying with Nb

[EN] The fabrication of parts with stiffness gradation specifically designed to attain higher mechanical and/or biomedical performance is receiving increasing scientific and technological interest. This work reports the use of laser surface alloying to introduce Nb into the surface layer of Ti pieces and thus obtain continuous coatings composed of Ti-Nb alloys. By controlling the laser processing parameters, coatings with lower Young's modulus and higher hardness compared to the substrate, practically free of cracks and with very low porosity were obtained, using energy densities in the range of 24 to 65 J/mm(2). However, compositional heterogeneity mainly due to microsegregation during the solidification process was observed. Increasing the energy density resulted in deeper fusion zones, which increased the substrate fusion and thus decreased the Nb content and produced a coating with a microstructure predominantly composed of alpha/alpha' acicular phase. On the other hand, the Nb content of the coatings produced with lower energy densities was high enough (similar to 20-30%(in) (mass)) to (meta) stabilize the less-rigid alpha" and beta phases, which promoted the highest reductions in the Young's modulus of the investigated coatings. Besides the lower stiffness, all coatings presented at least twice the hardness of the substrate. Maps of the properties constructed from the nanoindentation results showed that, despite the compositional heterogeneity, homogenous values of Young's modulus and hardness were attained and the change in the interface region was gradual, in agreement with the concept of functionally graded materials.The authors gratefully acknowledge the Sao Paulo State Research Foundation (FAPESP, Brazil) (Grant 2011/19982-2) for its financial support.Azevedo De Carvalho, LR.; Sallica-Leva, E.; Rayón Encinas, E.; Fogagnolo, JB. (2018). Less-rigid coating in Ti obtained by laser surface alloying with Nb. Surface and Coatings Technology. 346:19-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.04.038S192834

Conceptions on protein, sugar and fats : an investigation with students of basic and higher education

A Bioquímica, enquanto campo do conhecimento busca entender os processos químicos que ocorrem nos sistemas biológicos, sendo assim, é de fundamental importância para o entendimento de nossa própria existência. Apesar de ser uma ciência com conceitos muito bem estruturados, fora do ambiente acadêmico encontramos muitos conhecimentos baseados em senso comum, as chamadas concepções alternativas. Por carregarem uma grande conotação simplista como forma de explicar os fenômenos ou preceitos científicos, tais concepções podem se tornar obstáculos para uma aprendizagem significativa. Dessa forma, é necessário que o professor tome conhecimento de tais concepções para que possa repensar a sua prática, (re) construindo-a de acordo com as necessidades de seus estudantes. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho visa, por meio de um questionário, inventariar as concepções de estudantes de escolas públicas da cidade de Santa Maria, RS. Foram investigados 34 estudantes de Ensino Fundamental (nono ano), 306 de Ensino Médio (1º, 2º e 3º anos) e 36 de Ensino Superior (formandos do Curso de Licenciatura em Química da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – RS) sobre os conceitos: Proteínas, Açúcares e Gorduras. De modo geral, podemos perceber nas respostas uma grande tendência em considerar as proteínas como substâncias fundamentais para a saúde, muito relacionadas à “energia” e “força”. Por outro lado, açúcares e gorduras, são considerados substâncias ruins e causadoras de doenças e problemas estéticos, o que não deixa de ser verdade, porém, pode indicar que estes estudantes não têm um claro entendimento do papel de tais substâncias para o correto funcionamento e manutenção dos organismos.Biochemistry, as a field of knowledge seeks to understand the chemical processes that occur in biological systems, it is therefore of fundamental importance for the understanding of our own existence. Despite being a science with well structured concepts, outside the academic environment we find many knowledge based on common sense, the so-called alternative conceptions. On carry a large connotation as simplistic way of explaining the phenomena or scientific principles, these concepts may become obstacles to meaningful learning. Thus, it is necessary that the teacher becomes aware of such concepts to help you rethink your practice, (re) building it according to the needs of their students. In this sense, the present work aims, using a questionnaire, survey the conceptions of students from public schools in the city of Santa Maria, RS. Thirty four students from Elementary School (ninth year), 306 of Secondary Education (1st, 2nd and 3rd years) and 36 of Higher Education (Chemistry Licentiate students, from Federal University of Santa Maria - RS) were investigated on the concepts: proteins, sugars and fats. Overall, we can see a big trend in the responses to consider the proteins as key substances for health, closely related to the "energy" and "force." On the other hand, sugars and fats are considered bad substances and disease-causing and esthetic problems, which is nonetheless true, however, may indicate that these students have no a clear understanding of the role of such substances for proper operation and maintenance of organisms

PlaCarvoes-EC, de plásticos a carvões activados – economia circular nos plásticos agrícolas e urbanos

O projeto PlaCarvões propõe uma solução de aplicação dos princípios da Economia Circular na cadeia de valor dos plásticos, com a valorização de resíduos de plásticos (plástico agrícola, plásticos descartáveis e fração não valorizada dos RU) através da produção de carvões ativados. O carvão ativado tem diversas aplicações nomeadamente a filtragem e captação de poluentes de meios líquidos e gasosos, podendo ser utilizados em efluentes agroindustriais e urbanos em unidades de pequena a média dimensão, de base local e regional, tornando um resíduo num produto de elevado interesse económico e ambiental

Efeito de dois progestágenos sobre a taxa de prenhez de novilhas de corte sincronizadas e inseminadas à tempo fixo

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Efeito in vivo e in vitro do HgCl2 e do 2,3-dimercaprol (BAL) sobre a atividade da ALA-D de cérebro, fígado e rim de camundongos adultos

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Mudança no uso e ocupação do solo na bacia hidrográfica do rio Uruçuí-Preto, Piauí/ Change on land use in the watershed of Uruçuí–Preto river, Piauí, Brazil

 A ocupação dos ecossistemas para o desenvolvimento da agropecuária vem se intensificando, tornando assim um motivo de grande preocupação no que se refere ao desmatamento e ocupação das regiões de Cerrado. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho identificar a alteração do uso e ocupação do solo entre os anos 1984 a 2007 na bacia hidrográfica do rio Uruçuí-Preto, Piauí. A bacia do rio Uruçuí-Preto apresenta área de 15.777 km2. Foram utilizadas imagens do Satélite Landsat 5 sensor TM (Thematic Mapper) no período de 1984 a 2007. Inicialmente fez-se o pré-processamento das imagens, correção geométrica e de contraste das imagens. Após correção fez- a classificação das imagens, a análise foi realizada por meio da classificação automática supervisionada utilizando o algoritmo de máxima verossimilhança. As classes atribuídas as fisionomias de interesse foram Cerrado, Solo Exposto/Talhão Agrícola, Queimada e Mata Ciliar. Com base nos resultados apresentados houve variações em todas as classes de uso e ocupação do solo ao decorrer do período analisado.  Ao se comparar os anos de 1984 e 2007, a classe Cerrado apresentou redução de 20,9% (3.332,96 km2), a classe Solo Exposto/Talhão Agrícola apresentou aumento de 13,48% (2.149,17 km2), a classe Mata Ciliar apresenta grande oscilação durante o período analisado, devido a dinâmica da vegetação, apresentando redução de 2,4% (383,46 km2) e a classe Queimada apresentou dois anos com grandes áreas, 1990 (2.280,47 km2) e 2007 (1.567,24 km2). Percebe-se então a substituição da cobertura de vegetação nativa por áreas destinadas as atividades agrícolas

Athlete’s motivations from different regions of Portugal for the practice of athletics as a federated sport

Introduction: Athletics is an important sport because it offers a determining basic preparation for other different sports (Sampaio, 2010). Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the motivations that led athletes to practice athletics and to know if the fact that lived in different country regions influences these motivations. The participants were 184 federated athletes from 5 different zones of Portugal (Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Leiria, Santarém and Setúbal). Methodology: To understand the motivations that lead athletes to practice athletics, the questionnaire EMI-2 (Exercise Motivation Inventory version 2 of Markland and Hardy (1993), translated for the Portuguese population by Alves and Lourenço (2003) was applied and were collected during the national championship. For statistical purposes we used descriptive statistics, arithmetic mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics, with the application of One-Way Anova and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: The results showed that the Psychological and Physical Condition motives were the most valued, while the Health and Body Related motives were the least valued by the athletes belonging to the different regions. As for the results of the means, only statistically significant differences were found in the physical fitness motives, more valued by athletes from the regions of Setúbal and Santarém and less valued from the athletes of Coimbra e Castelo Branco. Conclusions: The conclusions showed some uniformity in the importance attributed to the reasons that led the athletes to choose athletics as a federated sports practice

Uso de gonadotrofina corionica equina em programas de transferencia de embriões bovinos a tempo fixo

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