The artistic use of parallax and lenses revealing the invisible in holography

There are many artistic resources offered by holography: third-dimension registration and reconstruction, immateriality, color interpretation, holographic space, realism, etc. But there are a few of them which are very characteristic and singular of that media such as the inversion of parallax, and the possibility of making invisible to turn into visible. Current paper aims to discuss key issues concerning with the aesthetic use of those special features. It is based on theoretical as well as critical analysis of the production by some of the most outstanding holographic artists who have made use of such interesting resources

Risk tasking behaviour and ownership in the banking industry: the Spanish evidence

This paper analyses the determinant of risk_taking in the Spanish financial intermediaries with special emphasis on the ownership structure and size of the different entities. On the one hand, the soecific legal configuration of Spanish Savings banks may lead them to differ from Commercial banks in their risk behaviour. In particular, they may make riskier investments. Nevertheless,other theories indicate that greater stockholder control in Commercial banks may induce them towards greater risk_taking in certain situations. In this paper we test these hypotheses with a dynamic pañel data model (1993_2000) for Spanish Commercial banks and Savings banks. We analyse whether differences in risk behaviour are related to different ownership structures or to other factors such as the size of the entity.Commercial banks, Savings banks, Corporate control, Ownership structure, Bank risk_taking

Building sustainable collaborations: lessons from Parques Hermanos initiative in Monte Albán, Oaxaca, Mexico

La colaboración organizativa efectiva raramente brota de los acuerdos oficiales, la mayoría de los cuales, una vez firmados, esperan olvidados en un polvoriento archivo. En su lugar, tales relaciones surgen de una multiplicidad de interacciones y esfuerzos a diferentes niveles, pero en su núcleo basadas en contactos continuados entre el personal profesional y operativo. Los acuerdos formales, aunque útiles para legitimar y validar estos contactos, no los sustituyen. E consecuencia, cualquier propuesta para promover las relaciones a largo plazo requiere una construcción cuidadosa y el apoyo a interacciones continuas que buscan asegurar la viabilidad de proyectos concretos. Una aproximación para comprender como funciona este proceso en práctica consiste en estudiar el surgimiento de relaciones productivas como aquellas existentes entre los sitios Patrimonio Mundial de la Zona Arqueológica de Monte Albán en Oaxaca, México y (A) el Parque Nacional de Mesa Verde en Colorado, Estados Unidos de América, y (B) Uxmal en Yucatán, México. La comparación de la experiencia de crear colaboraciones a nivel nacional e internacional proporciona elementos que pueden entonces ser utilizados para diseñar otras redes o más extensas. Este trabajo busca (1) revisar los orígenes y éxitos de la Sister Parks Initiative, (2) identificar los obstáculos que deben ser resueltos por el personal de la agencia en su día a día si se desean alcanzar los objetivos establecidos por sus instituciones respectivas y (3) reconocer los obstáculos potenciales para la sostenibilidad, particularmente aquellos obstáculos relacionados con la gestión institucional a lo largo del tiempo. Desde la experiencia compartida de estos tres lugares esperamos clarificar posibles consideraciones estratégicas para determinar las posibilidades de un éxito continuo. Dos agencias gubernamentales con responsabilidades en el campo de la gestión de los recursos patrimoniales…el Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH-México) y el National Park Service (NPS- EEUU)…son actores centrales en esta evaluación. Las fuentes de información abarcan desde documentos oficiales hasta la participación en actividades principales de las dos agencias en relación con los sitios bajo consideración. Por consiguiente, nos basamos tanto en fuentes oficiales como en la experiencia personal.Effective organizational collaboration rarely springs forth from official agreements most of which, once signed, repose forgotten in a dusty archive. Instead such relationships emerge from a multiplicity of interactions and efforts at different levels, but at heart grounded in sustained contact among professional and operational personnel. Formal agreements, while serving to legitimate and validate these contacts, are no substitute for them. Therefore any proposal to promote long-term relations requires careful construction and support of continuing interactions intended to assure the viability of specific projects. One approach to understanding how this process works in practice is to study the emergence of productive relationships such as those existing between the World Heritage Sites of the Archaeological Zone of Monte Alban in Oaxaca, Mexico, and (A) Mesa Verde National Park in Colorado, United States of America and (B) Uxmal in Yucatan, Mexico Comparing national and international experience in creating collaborations provides elements that might then be used in designing other or more extensive networks. This paper seeks to (1) review the origins and accomplishments of the Sister Parks Initiative, (2) identify the challenges that must be resolved by agency staff on a daily basis if the goals established by their respective institutions are to be attained, and (3) recognize potential obstacles to sustainability, particularly those related to institutional management across time. From the shared experience of thesethree sites we hope to clarify strategic considerations likely to determine the probability of continued success. Two national government agencies with responsibilities for managing heritage resources......the Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia (INAH – Mexico) and the National Park Service (NPS – United States)......are central actors in this assessment. Data sources range from official documents to participation in principal activities of the two agencies in relation to the sites under consideration. Thus we draw on eyewitness experience as well as official sources.Depto. de Prehistoria, Historia Antigua y ArqueologíaFac. de Geografía e HistoriaTRUEMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)pu

Early diversification and permeable species boundaries in the Mediterranean firs

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Inferring the evolutionary relationships of species and their boundaries is critical in order to understand patterns of diversification and their historical drivers. Despite Abies (Pinaceae) being the second most diverse group of conifers, the evolutionary history of Circum-Mediterranean firs (CMF) remains under debate. METHODS: We used restriction site associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) on all proposed CMF taxa to investigate their phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic status. KEY RESULTS: Based on thousands of genome-wide SNPs, we present here the first formal test of species delimitation, and the first fully resolved, complete species tree for CMF. We discovered that all previously recognized taxa in the Mediterranean should be treated as independent species, with the exception of A. tazaotana and A. marocana. An unexpectedly early pulse of speciation in the Oligocene-Miocene boundary is here documented for the group, pre-dating previous hypotheses by millions of years, revealing a complex evolutionary history encompassing both ancient and recent gene flow between distant lineages. CONCLUSIONS: Our phylogenomic results contribute to shed light on conifers' diversification. Our efforts to resolve the CMF phylogenetic relationships help refine their taxonomy and our knowledge of their evolutio

The Aggression Questionnaire: A validation study in student samples.

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An updated biostratigraphy for the late Aragonian and Vallesian of the Vallès-Penedès Basin (Catalonia)

The Vallès-Penedès Basin (Catalonia, Spain) is a classical area for the study of the Miocene land mammal faunas and includes one of the densest and most continuous records in Eurasia. Furthermore, it is the type area for the Vallesian European land mammal age. After decades of study a huge amount of bio- and magnetostratigraphic data have been collected, allowing an unprecedented dating accuracy. Here we provide an updated local biostratigraphy for the late Aragonian, Vallesian and Turolian of the Vallès-Penedès Basin. This new biostratigraphic scheme is almost exclusively based on fossil rodents, which are the most abundant and one of the best known mammal orders in the area. Our proposal represents a significant refinement compared to previous attempts and provides a formal diagnosis and description of each zone, as well as clear definition of boundaries and a reference locality and section. The chronology of zone boundaries and main bioevents is based on detailed magnetostratigraphic data. The defined biozones allow for the correlation of the sites without associated magnetostratigraphical data. Finally, the correlation of the Vallès-Penedès local zones with other detailed local biostratigraphies, such as those of the Calatayud-Montalbán and Teruel basins (east-central Spain) is discussed. The sequence and chronology of the main bioevents is roughly comparable, although the rodent succession and the structure of the assemblage show important differences between these areas

Comunicación, sentido y vida cotidiana

La pregunta por la vida cotidiana, su estructura, su funcionamiento, no es una novedad en el ámbito de las ciencias sociales. Se han ocupado de esta problemática pensadores de la talla de Heller, Habermas, Goffman, Freiré, Wolf, por citar sólo algunos. Diferentes enfoques, teorías y preocupaciones han derivado en un vasto campo de estudio que observa y rescata lo que era considerado como "materiales secundarios", indagando cómo los pequeñísimos actos cotidianos realzan temas muy importantes (Wolf, 1979). En el campo de la comunicación cobran fuerza en cantidad y calidad, a partir de 1980 (Fuentes, 1991) los estudios que abordan diferentes aspectos de la cotidianidad para indagar por ejemplo, en un cambio de perspectiva, no ya lo que los medios hacen a la gente, sino lo que la gente hace con y a partir de los medios, haciendo aparecer en primer plano al actor de la comunicación.ITESO, A.C