Integration of Maps Enables a Cytogenomics Analysis of the Complete Karyotype in Solea senegalensis

This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, FEDER Grants (RTI2018-096847-B-C21 and RTI2018-096847-B-C22), Junta de Andalucía-FEDER Grant (P20-00938).The Pleuronectiformes order, which includes several commercially-important species, has undergone extensive chromosome evolution. One of these species is Solea senegalensis, a flatfish with 2n = 42 chromosomes. In this study, a cytogenomics approach and integration with previous maps was applied to characterize the karyotype of the species. Synteny analysis of S. senegalensis was carried out using two flatfish as a reference: Cynoglossus semilaevis and Scophthalmus maximus. Most S. senegalensis chromosomes (or chromosome arms for metacentrics and submetacentrics) showed a one-to-one macrosyntenic pattern with the other two species. In addition, we studied how repetitive sequences could have played a role in the evolution of S. senegalensis bi-armed (3, and 5–9) and acrocentric (11, 12 and 16) chromosomes, which showed the highest rearrangements compared with the reference species. A higher abundance of TEs (Transposable Elements) and other repeated elements was observed adjacent to telomeric regions on chromosomes 3, 7, 9 and 16. However, on chromosome 11, a greater abundance of DNA transposons was detected in interstitial BACs. This chromosome is syntenic with several chromosomes of the other two flatfish species, suggesting rearrangements during its evolution. A similar situation was also found on chromosome 16 (for microsatellites and low complexity sequences), but not for TEs (retroelements and DNA transposons). These differences in the distribution and abundance of repetitive elements in chromosomes that have undergone remodeling processes during the course of evolution also suggest a possible role for simple repeat sequences in rearranged regions.RTI2018-096847B-C21 AND RTI2018-096847-B-C22 SPANISH MINISTRY OF ECONOMY AND COMPETITIVENESS -FEDE

Estrategias de comunicación de la municipalidad distrital Víctor Larco para promover la cultura tributaria en Vista Alegre, Trujillo 2022

Esta investigación tuvo como finalidad identificar las Estrategias de Comunicación orientadas a promover la Cultura Tributaria en los vecinos de Vista Alegre, Trujillo, 2022. Para la recolección de datos e información se operacionalizaron nuestras dos variables, la variable cultura tributaria en ocho indicadores contenidos en tres dimensiones: Conocimiento tributario, valores tributarios y actitud tributaria. Mientras que la variable estrategias de comunicación mediante cuatro indicadores comprendidos en las dimensiones de diagnóstico comunicacional y estrategia creativa. Se llevó a cabo una investigación con enfoque cuantitativo y diseño descriptivo simple. Se aplicaron encuestas, a la muestra de estudio, que fueron 332 contribuyentes, de una población de 2487, obtenida mediante la fórmula de muestreo aleatorio simple. Así mismo se aplicó una entrevista a una funcionaria del área de tributación de la Municipalidad de Victor Larco Herrera para ampliar el contexto y diagnóstico sobre la problemática de evasión tributaria de la zona de Vista Alegre. Al procesar los datos se concluyó que los contribuyentes de la zona de Vista Alegre poseen un bajo conocimiento tributario por lo cual su nivel de cultura tributaria es medio, y que las acciones de comunicación que aplica la Municipalidad tienen un alcance medio. Se sugiere implementar nuevas estrategias de comunicación divididas en tres fases. La primera de sensibilización, que tiene como objetivo concientizar a los usuarios de la importancia de la tributación para la sociedad y país, la segunda que consiste en brindar información sobre formas, fechas y promociones para el pago de tributos. Por último, la estrategia de evaluación que medirá los resultados de las acciones aplicadas para conocer el grado de efectividad de estas.The purpose of this research was to identify the Communication Strategies aimed at promoting Tax Culture in the residents of Vista Alegre, Trujillo, 2022. For the collection of data and information our two variables were operationalized, the tax culture variable in eight indicators contained in three dimensions: Tax knowledge, tax values and tax attitude. The communication strategies variable was operationalized through four indicators included in the dimensions of communication diagnosis and creative strategy. A research with quantitative approach and simple descriptive design was carried out. Surveys were applied to the study sample, which consisted of 332 contributors, obtained through the simple random sampling formula. An interview was also conducted with an official from the taxation area of the Municipality of Victor Larco Herrera to broaden the context and diagnosis of the problem of tax evasion in the area of Vista Alegre. Upon processing the data, it was concluded that taxpayers in the Vista Alegre area have a low level of tax knowledge, so their level of tax culture is average, and that the communication actions applied by the Municipality have an average reach. It is suggested to implement new communication strategies divided into three phases. The first is awareness-raising, which aims to make users aware of the importance of taxation for society and the country; the second consists of providing information on forms, dates and promotions for the payment of taxes. Finally, the evaluation strategy will measure the results of the actions implemented to know the degree of effectiveness of these actions.Tesi

Validez y confiabilidad de un instrumento para evaluación de la microenseñanza en ciencias químico biológicas

Introducción: La microenseñanza es una técnica que permite el mejoramiento de las habilidades didácticas del docente con sus estudiantes en el aula, y para evaluar la realización de esta técnica en necesario contar con instrumentos válidos y confiables. Objetivo: Determinar la validez y confiabilidad del Cuestionario de Evaluación de Microenseñanza (CEM) de docentes de la Carrera de QFB en la FES Zaragoza, UNAM. Método. El CEM se aplicó a una muestra no probabilística de 124 estudiantes después de una clase de 20 minutos. Resultados: Se obtuvo un instrumento de 49 preguntas distribuidas en tres factores con una varianza total de 51.57%, según el Análisis Factorial Exploratorio, y alfa de Cronbach de 0.961. Discusión: Se considera que la validez y la confiabilidad obtenidas hacen que el CEM sea un instrumento útil para que los estudiantes puedan evaluar las habilidades didácticas de los docentes en la carrera de QFB

Detection and variability analyses of CRISPR-like loci in the H. pylori genome

Helicobacter pylori is a human pathogenic bacterium with a high genomic plasticity. Although the functional CRISPR-Cas system has not been found in its genome, CRISPR-like loci have been recently identified. In this work, 53 genomes from different geographical areas are analyzed for the search and analysis of variability of this type of structure. We confirm the presence of a locus that was previously described in the VlpC gene in al lgenomes, and we characterize new CRISPR-like loci in other genomic locations. By studying the variability and gene location of these loci, the evolution and the possible roles of these sequences are discussed. Additionally, the usefulness of this type of sequences as a phylogenetic marker has been demonstrated, associating the different strains by geographical area

Pistachio genomes provide insights into nut tree domestication and ZW sex chromosome evolution

Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacio´ n of Spain (project nos. AGL2009-09094 and RYC-2011-08653), the University of Granada (project no. PP2016- PIP13), and the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, China (project nos. 2021J01142 and 2018J01606) for providing financial support for this research.Pistachio is a nut crop domesticated in the Fertile Crescent and a dioecious species with ZW sex chromosomes. We sequenced the genomes of Pistacia vera cultivar (cv.) Siirt, the female parent, and P. vera cv. Bagyolu, the male parent. Two chromosome-level reference genomes of pistachio were generated, and Z and W chromosomes were assembled. The ZW chromosomes originated from an autosome following the first inversion, which occurred approximately 8.18 Mya. Three inversion events in the W chromosome led to the formation of a 12.7-Mb (22.8% of the W chromosome) non-recombining region. These W-specific sequences contain several genes of interest that may have played a pivotal role in sex determination and contributed to the initiation and evolution of a ZW sex chromosome system in pistachio. The W-specific genes, including defA, defA-like, DYT1, two PTEN1, and two tandem duplications of six VPS13A paralogs, are strong candidates for sex determination or differentiation. Demographic history analysis of resequenced genomes suggest that cultivated pistachio underwent severe domestication bottlenecks approximately 7640 years ago, dating the domestication event close to the archeological record of pistachio domestication in Iran. We identified 390, 211, and 290 potential selective sweeps in 3 cultivar subgroups that underlie agronomic traits such as nut development and quality, grafting success, flowering time shift, and drought tolerance. These findings have improved our understanding of the genomic basis of sex determination/differentiation and horticulturally important traits and will accelerate the improvement of pistachio cultivars and rootstocks.Departamento de Genética. Grupo BIO200. Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad de Granad

Integration of Maps Enables a Cytogenomics Analysis of the Complete Karyotype in Solea senegalensis

The Pleuronectiformes order, which includes several commercially-important species, has undergone extensive chromosome evolution. One of these species is Solea senegalensis, a flatfish with 2n = 42 chromosomes. In this study, a cytogenomics approach and integration with previous maps was applied to characterize the karyotype of the species. Synteny analysis of S. senegalensis was carried out using two flatfish as a reference: Cynoglossus semilaevis and Scophthalmus maximus. Most S. senegalensis chromosomes (or chromosome arms for metacentrics and submetacentrics) showed a one-to-one macrosyntenic pattern with the other two species. In addition, we studied how repetitive sequences could have played a role in the evolution of S. senegalensis bi-armed (3, and 5-9) and acrocentric (11, 12 and 16) chromosomes, which showed the highest rearrangements compared with the reference species. A higher abundance of TEs (Transposable Elements) and other repeated elements was observed adjacent to telomeric regions on chromosomes 3, 7, 9 and 16. However, on chromosome 11, a greater abundance of DNA transposons was detected in interstitial BACs. This chromosome is syntenic with several chromosomes of the other two flatfish species, suggesting rearrangements during its evolution. A similar situation was also found on chromosome 16 (for microsatellites and low complexity sequences), but not for TEs (retroelements and DNA transposons). These differences in the distribution and abundance of repetitive elements in chromosomes that have undergone remodeling processes during the course of evolution also suggest a possible role for simple repeat sequences in rearranged regions

La Importancia de las Relaciones Humanas para la Calidad en el Servicio Turístico

La actividad turística siempre ha sido muy sensible a los cambios de actitud de los prestadores de servicio tanto de las áreas de atención directas como de las indirectas, por lo que la conjunción de factores donde interviene la calidad, las relaciones humanas y el servicio, hacen que los destinos se conviertan en lugares exitosos.Por lo tanto, las relaciones armónicas en todas sus manifestaciones de las empresas turísticas, de las instituciones que participan y de la comunidad anfitriona son los elementos fundamentales que norman la convivencia entre las diferentes culturas que desarrollan tal actividad

A chromosome-level genome assembly enables the identification of the follicule stimulating hormone receptor as the master sex-determining gene in the flatfish Solea senegalensis

Sex determination (SD) shows huge variation among fish and a high evolutionary rate, as illustrated by the Pleuronectiformes (flatfishes). This order is characterized by its adaptation to demersal life, compact genomes and diversity of SD mechanisms. Here, we assembled the Solea senegalensis genome, a flatfish of great commercial value, into 82 contigs (614 Mb) combining long- and short-read sequencing, which were next scaffolded using a highly dense genetic map (28,838 markers, 21 linkage groups), representing 98.9% of the assembly. Further, we established the correspondence between the assembly and the 21 chromosomes by using BAC-FISH. Whole genome resequencing of six males and six females enabled the identification of 41 single nucleotide polymorphism variants in the follicle stimulating hormone receptor (fshr) consistent with an XX/XY SD system. The observed sex association was validated in a broader independent sample, providing a novel molecular sexing tool. The fshr gene displayed differential expression between male and female gonads from 86 days post-fertilization, when the gonad is still an undifferentiated primordium, concomitant with the activation of amh and cyp19a1a, testis and ovary marker genes, respectively, in males and females. The Y-linked fshr allele, which included 24 nonsynonymous variants and showed a highly divergent 3D protein structure, was overexpressed in males compared to the X-linked allele at all stages of gonadal differentiation. We hypothesize a mechanism hampering the action of the follicle stimulating hormone driving the undifferentiated gonad toward testisEuropean Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement (AQUA-FAANG). Grant Number: 81792. Junta de Andalucía-FEDER Grant. Grant Number: P20-00938. Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, FEDER Grants. Grant Numbers: RTI2018-096847-B-C21, RTI2018-096847-B-C22S

Actas de las V Jornadas ScienCity 2022. Fomento de la Cultura Científica, Tecnológica y de Innovación en Ciudades Inteligentes

ScienCity es una actividad que viene siendo continuada desde 2018 con el objetivo de dar a conocer los conocimientos y tecnologías emergentes siendo investigados en las universidades, informar de experiencias, servicios e iniciativas puestas ya en marcha por instituciones y empresas, llegar hasta decisores políticos que podrían crear sinergias, incentivar la creación de ideas y posibilidades de desarrollo conjuntas, implicar y provocar la participación ciudadana, así como gestar una red internacional multidisciplinar de investigadores que garantice la continuación de futuras ediciones. En 2022 se recibieron un total de 48 trabajos repartidos en 25 ponencias y 24 pósteres pertenecientes a 98 autores de 14 instituciones distintas de España, Portugal, Polonia y Países Bajos.Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología-Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; Consejería de la Presidencia, Administración Pública e Interior de la Junta de Andalucía; Estrategia de Política de Investigación y Transferencia de la Universidad de Huelva; Cátedra de Innovación Social de Aguas de Huelva; Cátedra de la Provincia; Grupo de investigación TEP-192 de Control y Robótica; Centro de Investigación en Tecnología, Energía y Sostenibilidad (CITES