The entangled accelerating universe

Using the known result that the nucleation of baby universes in correlated pairs is equivalent to spacetime squeezing, we show in this letter that there exists a T-duality symmetry between two-dimensional warp drives, which are physically expressible as localized de Sitter little universes, and two dimensional Tolman-Hawking and Gidding-Strominger baby universes respectively correlated in pairs, so that the creation of warp drives is also equivalent to spacetime squeezing. Perhaps more importantly, it has been also seen that the nucleation of warp drives entails a violation of the Bell's inequalities, and hence the phenomena of quantum entanglement, complementarity and wave function collapse. These results are generalized to the case of any dynamically accelerating universe filled with dark or phantom energy whose creation is also physically equivalent to spacetime squeezing and to the violation of the Bell's inequalities, so that the universe we are living in should be governed by essential sharp quantum theory laws and must be a quantum entangled system

Danza del Santissimo Nacimiento de nuestro Señor Iesu Christo, al modo pastoril

Copia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2009-201

Flower and fruit development in Arabidopsis thaliana

The study of flower development has experienced great advances over the last 15 years. The most important landmark was the proposal of the ABC model in which three different functions of overlapping activities account for the development of the four rings of organs of the eudicot flower. Most interestingly, during recent years this simple and elegant model has been broadly accepted and is applicable to a wide range of plant species. However, recent advances in the characterization of protein interactions and the discovery of the SEPALLATA genes that are required for proper floral organ development have led to a revision of the ABC model. The largely accepted floral quartet model, which includes the new SEPALLATA function, postulates that the development of a specific floral organ is achieved by the formation of a single complex of different MADS-box proteins. The ultimate fate of the flower is to become a fruit, ensuring dispersal of the seeds and therefore survival of the species. The Arabidopsis fruit is a silique or pod. Only in the last five years important advances have been made in establishing the differentiation of the tissues required for the opening of the fruit: the valve margins and dehiscence zone. Classical genetic analyses and molecular biology approaches have pointed to the involvement of the transcription factors SHP, ALC and IND in the formation of these tissues and of FUL and RPL in repressing this identity in the bordering tissues, valves and replum, respectively

Ransomware: An Interdisciplinary Technical and Legal Approach

Ransomware constitutes a prevalent global cybersecurity threat since several years ago, but it is almost pandemic at present. To a larger extent, the growth of this criminal practice is due to its high economic efficiency and high degree of impunity. Efficiency in general is mainly a consequence of its high and sophisticated technical development more varieties, more devices to use it on and more functional complexity, while impunity is mostly the result of shortcomings and gaps in legal regulation. However, both of the aspects are closely related, as combating ransomware requires adopting and integrating technical solutions and legal sanctions with an interdisciplinary approach. Regretfully, the analyze of the ransomware’s background, theoretical framework and practice shows a vast majority of technical proposals and a lack of either interdisciplinary or legal studies. +e technical as well as the legal dimensions of ransomware need to be addressed to properly understand the scope and nature of the problem and its potential solutions. Following this approach, some basic guidelines about defense, mitigation and sanction methods are proposed in order to reach a feasible response to the challenge of defeating ransomware. +ese include the definition of ransomware as an autonomous offence. After setting out the main results of the doctrine, the conclusion section specifies the solutions drawn from such an interdisciplinary technical-legal approach.Spanish GovernmentEuropean Commission PID2020-114495RB-I0

Comparison Between Supervised and Unsupervised Classifications of Neuronal Cell Types: A Case Study

In the study of neural circuits, it becomes essential to discern the different neuronal cell types that build the circuit. Traditionally, neuronal cell types have been classified using qualitative descriptors. More recently, several attempts have been made to classify neurons quantitatively, using unsupervised clustering methods. While useful, these algorithms do not take advantage of previous information known to the investigator, which could improve the classification task. For neocortical GABAergic interneurons, the problem to discern among different cell types is particularly difficult and better methods are needed to perform objective classifications. Here we explore the use of supervised classification algorithms to classify neurons based on their morphological features, using a database of 128 pyramidal cells and 199 interneurons from mouse neocortex. To evaluate the performance of different algorithms we used, as a “benchmark,” the test to automatically distinguish between pyramidal cells and interneurons, defining “ground truth” by the presence or absence of an apical dendrite. We compared hierarchical clustering with a battery of different supervised classification algorithms, finding that supervised classifications outperformed hierarchical clustering. In addition, the selection of subsets of distinguishing features enhanced the classification accuracy for both sets of algorithms. The analysis of selected variables indicates that dendritic features were most useful to distinguish pyramidal cells from interneurons when compared with somatic and axonal morphological variables. We conclude that supervised classification algorithms are better matched to the general problem of distinguishing neuronal cell types when some information on these cell groups, in our case being pyramidal or interneuron, is known a priori. As a spin-off of this methodological study, we provide several methods to automatically distinguish neocortical pyramidal cells from interneurons, based on their morphologies