Vejez y ser persona vieja: una aproximación al estado del arte de la cuestión

A continuación se presenta una aproximación al estado actual de investigaciones relacionadas con la vejez y ser persona vieja. Para lograrlo se revisó sistemáticamente un amplio conjunto de referencias para dar cuenta de los aspectos más destacados, a saber, propósito general, referentes conceptuales, tipos de diseño, tipos de estudio, sujetos participantes, técnicas de recolección de la información, resultados, conclusiones y recomendaciones. Posteriormente, se analizó en Colombia, durante los años 2008-2018, la formación universitaria existente, es decir, trabajos de grado de pregrado, especialización, maestría y doctorado y la producción escrita en libros. Además de los eventos académicos realizados durante los años 2014 – 2018 que permitan dar cuenta del estado actual de los estudios sobre la vejez y ser persona vieja desde una perspectiva interdisciplinaria

Teorías de la sociología del envejecimiento y la vejez

This article presents an analysis on the sociological theories of aging and old age, including its current influences on academic research and the design of public policies. The methodology is qualitative, relational and explanatory levels. The sociological theories of aging and old age were reviewed using documentary analysis techniques. These theories have been grouped into three generations, starting in 1949, each with particular nuances. The first generation focuses on assigning old people their place in society. The second generation, in identifying their ways of relating. The third one has a critical perspective with respect to the previous ones. This review of the existing theories reveals that the theoretical and sociopolitical field related to aging and old age is heterogeneous and serves as a scenario of confrontation amongst often contradictory positions.Este artículo presenta un análisis sobre las teorías sociológicas del envejecimiento y la vejez, incluyendo sus influencias actuales en la investigación académica y el diseño de políticas públicas. La metodología es de tipo cualitativo, de niveles relacional y explicativo. Se revisaron la teorías sociológicas del envejecimiento y la vejez utilizando técnicas de análisis documental. Se encuentra que estas teorías se han agrupado en tres generaciones, a partir de 1949, cada una con unos matices particulares. Las de primera generación se enfocan en asignarle a las personas viejas su lugar en la sociedad; las de segunda, en identificar sus formas de relacionarse; las de tercera tienen una perspectiva crítica respecto a las previas. Esta revisión de las teorías existentes revela que el campo teórico y sociopolítico relacionado con el envejecimiento y la vejez es heterogéneo y sirve como escenario de enfrentamiento entre posturas muchas veces contradictorias

Percepción de la sexualidad en personas mayores de 60 años. Medellín, Colombia

Sexuality is inherent and accompanies human beings throughout the course of life, transcends the sexual act, to address aspects of physical, emotional and cultural order. Objective. To analyze the factors associ- ated with the perception of sexuality according to demographic, emotional and psychological characteristics in people over 60 years of age. Materials and methods. A quantitative, analytical, observational study was conducted, with a primary source of information, to 665 people aged 60 and over, from the city of Medellin, in 2018. The demographic, emotional and psychological characteristics that allowed to know their percep- tion about sexuality. X2 association measures were calculated and as epidemiological measures, crude and adjusted prevalence ratios. Results. People who never felt sad considered sexuality important (69.4%), men with a stable partner, who do not feel alone, with social support also considered it important. Conclusions. The importance in the sexuality of the older person is determined by moods, emotional stability and social integration.La sexualidad es inherente y acompaña durante todo el curso de la vida a los seres humanos, trasciende el acto sexual para abordar aspectos de orden físico, emocional y cultural. Objetivo. Analizar los factores asociados a la percepción de la sexualidad según características demográficas, emocionales y psicológicas en personas mayores de 60 años. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, observacional analítico, con fuente de información primaria a 665 personas de 60 años y más de la ciudad de Medellín, en el año 2018. Se determinaron las características demográficas, emocionales y psicológicas que permitieran conocer su percepción sobre sexualidad. Se calcularon medidas de asociación X2 y como medidas epide- miológicas, razones de prevalencia crudas y ajustadas. Resultados. Las personas que nunca se sintieron tristes consideraron importante la sexualidad (69,4 %), los hombres con una pareja estable, que no se sienten solos, con apoyo social también la consideraron como algo importante. Conclusiones. La importancia en la sexualidad de la persona mayor está determinada por estados anímicos, de estabilidad emocional y de integración social

Derechos humanos de las personas mayores: estudio en cinco ciudades de Colombia durante el 2021

The article presented below analyzes the human rights of older persons, among others, physical integrity, good name, freedom, housing, recreation, education, health and access to the justice of 2,506 elderly people located in Bucaramanga, Medellín, Pereira, Popayán and Santa Marta with the aim of identifying whether socioeconomic and gender conditions in the face of social vulnerability such as stratum, educational level, forced displacement and internal migration prevent knowledge of human rights, the mechanisms for the defense of these rights and access to justice based on judicial protection.El artículo que se presenta a continuación, realiza un análisis de los derechos humanos de las personas mayores, entre otros, a la integridad física, el buen nombre, la libertad, la vivienda, la recreación, la educación, la salud y el acceso a la justicia de 2506 personas mayores ubicadas en Bucaramanga, Medellín, Pereira, Popayán y Santa Marta con el objetivo de identificar si las condiciones socioeconómicas y de género frente a la vulnerabilidad social como el estrato, el nivel educativo, el desplazamiento forzado y migración interna impiden el conocimiento de los derechos humanos, los mecanismos para la defensa de estos derechos y el acceso a la justicia a partir de la protección judicial. Fue utilizada una metodología de la investigación cuantitativa basada en encuestas para la identificación de los derechos humanos violados, los mecanismos de protección y la eficacia en el uso de estos por parte de las personas mayores encuestadas. Con base en la respuesta a estas preguntas, se establecieron las relaciones frente a los factores socioeconómicos que determinaban las violaciones de los derechos referido

IFNγ Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Risk of Infection and Disease in Household Contacts of Tuberculosis Patients in Colombia

OBJECTIVES: Household contacts (HHCs) of pulmonary tuberculosis patients are at high risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and early disease development. Identification of individuals at risk of tuberculosis disease is a desirable goal for tuberculosis control. Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) using specific M. tuberculosis antigens provide an alternative to tuberculin skin testing (TST) for infection detection. Additionally, the levels of IFNgamma produced in response to these antigens may have prognostic value. We estimated the prevalence of M. tuberculosis infection by IGRA and TST in HHCs and their source population (SP), and assessed whether IFNgamma levels in HHCs correlate with tuberculosis development. METHODS: A cohort of 2060 HHCs was followed for 2-3 years after exposure to a tuberculosis case. Besides TST, IFNgamma responses to mycobacterial antigens: CFP, CFP-10, HspX and Ag85A were assessed in 7-days whole blood cultures and compared to 766 individuals from the SP in Medellín, Colombia. Isoniazid prophylaxis was not offered to child contacts because Colombian tuberculosis regulations consider it only in children under 5 years, TST positive without BCG vaccination. RESULTS: Using TST 65.9% of HHCs and 42.7% subjects from the SP were positive (OR 2.60, p<0.0001). IFNgamma response to CFP-10, a biomarker of M. tuberculosis infection, tested positive in 66.3% HHCs and 24.3% from the SP (OR = 6.07, p<0.0001). Tuberculosis incidence rate was 7.0/1000 person years. Children <5 years accounted for 21.6% of incident cases. No significant difference was found between positive and negative IFNgamma responders to CFP-10 (HR 1.82 95% CI 0.79-4.20 p = 0.16). However, a significant trend for tuberculosis development amongst high HHC IFNgamma producers was observed (trend Log rank p = 0.007). DISCUSSION: CFP-10-induced IFNgamma production is useful to establish tuberculosis infection prevalence amongst HHC and identify those at highest risk of disease. The high tuberculosis incidence amongst children supports administration of chemoprophylaxis to child contacts regardless of BCG vaccination

Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain : Large-Scale Epidemiological Study

(1) Aims: To assess the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Spain, to describe the main epidemiological and clinical characteristics at diagnosis and the evolution of the disease, and to explore the use of drug treatments. (2) Methods: Prospective, population-based nationwide registry. Adult patients diagnosed with IBD-Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or IBD unclassified (IBD-U)-during 2017 in Spain were included and were followed-up for 1 year. (3) Results: We identified 3611 incident cases of IBD diagnosed during 2017 in 108 hospitals covering over 22 million inhabitants. The overall incidence (cases/100,000 person-years) was 16 for IBD, 7.5 for CD, 8 for UC, and 0.5 for IBD-U; 53% of patients were male and median age was 43 years (interquartile range = 31-56 years). During a median 12-month follow-up, 34% of patients were treated with systemic steroids, 25% with immunomodulators, 15% with biologics and 5.6% underwent surgery. The percentage of patients under these treatments was significantly higher in CD than UC and IBD-U. Use of systemic steroids and biologics was significantly higher in hospitals with high resources. In total, 28% of patients were hospitalized (35% CD and 22% UC patients, p < 0.01). (4) Conclusion: The incidence of IBD in Spain is rather high and similar to that reported in Northern Europe. IBD patients require substantial therapeutic resources, which are greater in CD and in hospitals with high resources, and much higher than previously reported. One third of patients are hospitalized in the first year after diagnosis and a relevant proportion undergo surgery

Correction : Chaparro et al. Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain: Large-Scale Epidemiological Study. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2885

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]

CIBERER : Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research

Handbook of Active Ageing and Quality of Life: From Concepts to Applications

La edición de este libro estuvo a cargo de Fermina Rojo-Pérez y Gloria Fernández-Mayoralas.El documento adjunto contiene la cubierta, portada e índice del libro.This handbook presents an overview of studies on the relationship of active ageing and quality of life. It addresses the new challenges of ageing from the paradigm of positive ageing (active, healthy and successful) for a better quality of life. It provides theoretical perspectives and empirical studies, including scientific knowledge as well as practical experiences about the good ageing and the quality of later life around the world, in order to respond to the challenges of an aged population. The handbook is structured in 4 sections covering theoretical and conceptual perspectives, social policy issues and research agenda, methods, measurement instrument-scales and evaluations, and lastly application studies including domains and geographical contexts.Peer reviewe