Voices in Australia\u27s Aboriginal and Canada\u27s First Nations Literatures

Kim Scott suggests in his text I Come from Here by means of yarning that the authority of Indigenous people and language is primary to an authentic sense of place. Scott uses an accumulative, episodic, and personal narrative style to argue that the return to, and consolidation of cultural material in, a community of descendants of the informants must be founded upon principles of community development. Collaboration between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people by sharing of ancestral material with ever widening, concentric circles is how this process results in respect and partnership that empowers community life. Eden Robinson explores in her text 99.99% True & Authentic Tales with humor how the past and present coexist in contemporary Haisla life. In the process, Robinson also depicts some of the challenges faced by Canada\u27s First Nations writers, whose readers can become so determined to experience the culture represented to them that they wish to live not only in an author\u27s hometown but in her very home. In this way Robinson explores issues of voice, authenticity, and the process of making meaning: to whom does a story belong and who has the right to tell it? How can a story be told

Мои воспоминания об Иване Георгиевиче Спасском

Стислі спогади автора про відомого вченого-нумізмата й музейника І.Г. Спаського та його сім’ю.Краткие воспоминания автора об известном ученом-нумизмате и музейщике И.Г. Спасском и его семье.Short author’s memories about known scientist-numismatist and museum-worker I.G. Spassky and his family

Reduced TCR-dependent activation through citrullination of a T-cell epitope enhances Th17 development by disruption of the STAT3/5 balance

Citrullination is a post-translational modification of arginine that commonly occurs in inflammatory tissues. Because T-cell receptor (TCR) signal quantity and quality can regulate T-cell differentiation, citrullination within a T-cell epitope has potential implications for T-cell effector function. Here, we investigated how citrullination of an immunedominant T-cell epitope affected Th17 development. Murine na¨ıve CD4+ T cells with a transgenic TCR recognising p89-103 of the G1 domain of aggrecan (agg) were co-cultured with syngeneic bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) presenting the native or citrullinated peptides. In the presence of pro-Th17 cytokines, the peptide citrullinated on residue 93 (R93Cit) significantly enhanced Th17 development whilst impairing the Th2 response, compared to the native peptide. T cells responding to R93Cit produced less IL-2, expressed lower levels of the IL-2 receptor subunit CD25, and showed reduced STAT5 phosphorylation, whilst STAT3 activation was unaltered. IL-2 blockade in native p89-103-primed T cells enhanced the phosphorylated STAT3/STAT5 ratio, and concomitantly enhanced Th17 development. Our data illustrate how a post-translational modification of a TCR contact point may promote Th17 development by altering the balance between STAT5 and STAT3 activation in responding T cells, and provide new insight into how protein citrullination may influence effector Th-cell development in inflammatory disorders

Mid-depth equatorial tracer tongues in a model of the Atlantic Ocean

Observational estimates of middepth tracer tongues in the equatorial Atlantic are reviewed and are compared with results from several eddy-resolving model simulations. Local maxima of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) concentrations along the equator at around 1500 m depth are related to mean eastward jet structures in the models at similar depth ranges and can also be identified in several simulated tracer distributions. Similar to the observations, strong eastward jets are located in the simulations 1°–2° north and south of the equator. The model simulations show, in addition, consistent with the CFC observations, weaker jets at around 4°–6°N/S and 8°–10°N/S, suggestive of a large-scale alternating eastward/westward current system in the western tropical Atlantic in this depth range. Lagrangian transport estimates in the model using float diagnostics show a transport of 1–3 Sv in each of the eastward jets 1°–2°N/S off the equator compared to 3–12 Sv throughflow into the South Atlantic, with no seasonal cycle apparent in the transport fractioning. Comparing different model solutions reveals the choice of the subgrid-scale mixing parameterization as important for the amplitudes of the jets. Enhanced (reduced) diapycnal mixing is related to stronger (weaker) jets

A Framework for Developing the Structure of Public Health Economic Models

Background: A conceptual modeling framework is a methodology that assists modelers through the process of developing a model structure. Public health interventions tend to operate in dynamically complex systems. Modeling public health interventions requires broader considerations than clinical ones. Inappropriately simple models may lead to poor validity and credibility, resulting in suboptimal allocation of resources. Objective: This article presents the first conceptual modeling framework for public health economic evaluation. Methods: The framework presented here was informed by literature reviews of the key challenges in public health economic modeling and existing conceptual modeling frameworks; qualitative research to understand the experiences of modelers when developing public health economic models; and piloting a draft version of the framework. Results: The conceptual modeling framework comprises four key principles of good practice and a proposed methodology. The key principles are that 1) a systems approach to modeling should be taken; 2) a documented understanding of the problem is imperative before and alongside developing and justifying the model structure; 3) strong communication with stakeholders and members of the team throughout model development is essential; and 4) a systematic consideration of the determinants of health is central to identifying the key impacts of public health interventions. The methodology consists of four phases: phase A, aligning the framework with the decision-making process; phase B, identifying relevant stakeholders; phase C, understanding the problem; and phase D, developing and justifying the model structure. Key areas for further research involve evaluation of the framework in diverse case studies and the development of methods for modeling individual and social behavior. Conclusions: This approach could improve the quality of Public Health economic models, supporting efficient allocation of scarce resources

Cognitive Information Processing

Contains research objectives, summary of research and reports on four research projects.National Institutes of Health (Grant 5 PO1 GM14940-05)National Institutes of Health (Grant 3 POI1 GM15006-03S2)Joint Services Electronics Programs (U. S. Army, U. S. Navy, and U. S. Air Force) under Contract DAAB07-71-C-0300World Health Organization (Grant R/00348)Grant from the Associated Pres

The practices of apartheid as a war crime: a critical analysis

The human suffering caused by the political ideology of apartheid in South Africa during the Apartheid era (1948-1994) prompted worldwide condemnation and a variety of diplomatic and legal responses. Amongst these responses was the attempt to have apartheid recognised both as a crime against humanity in the 1973 Apartheid Convention as well as a war crime in Article 85(4)(c) of Additional Protocol I. This article examines the origins, nature and current status of the practices of apartheid as a war crime and its possible application to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict