Identification of intimin alleles in pathogenic Escherichia coli by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis

A rapid two-step identification method based on PCR-RFLP analysis of the intimin gene was developed to differentiate specific alleles in pathogenic Escherichia coli. This technique, tested on isolates eae-positive, accurately detects eae and resolves alleles encoding the α1, α2, β, γ1, γ2/θ, κ, ɛ, ζ, and ι intimin variants

Marginalizing Risk

A major focus of finance is reducing risk on investments, a goal commonly achieved by dispersing the risk among numerous investors. Sometimes, however, risk dispersion can cause investors to underestimate and under-protect against risk. Risk can even be so widely dispersed that rational investors individually lack the incentive to monitor it. This Article examines the market failures resulting from risk dispersion and analyzes when government regulation may be necessary or appropriate to limit these market failures. The Article also examines how such regulation should be designed,including the extent to which it should limit risk dispersion in the first instance

Electron Backscatter Diffraction: A Powerful Tool for Phase Identification in the SEM

EBSD in the SEM has been developed into a tool that can provide identification of unknown crystalline phases with a spatial resolution that is better than one micrometer. This technique has been applied to a wide range of materials. Use of the HOLZ rings in the EBSD patterns has enabled the reduced unit cell to be determined from unidexed EBSD patterns. This paper introduces EBSD for phase identification and illustrates the technique with examples from metal joining and particle analysis. Reduced unit cell determination from EBSD patterns is then discussed

On the Interface Between LENS® Deposited Stainless Steel 304L Repair Geometry and Cast or Machined Components

Laser Engineered Net Shaping™ (LENS®) is being evaluated for use as a metal component repair/modification process. A component of the evaluation is to better understand the characteristics of the interface between LENS deposited material and the substrate on which it is deposited. A processing and metallurgical evaluation was made on LENS processed material fabricated for component qualification tests. A process parameter evaluation was used to determine optimum build parameters and these parameters were used in the fabrication of tensile test specimens to study the characteristics of the interface between LENS deposited material and several types of substrates. Analyses of the interface included mechanical properties, microstructure, and metallurgical integrity. Test samples were determined for a variety of geometric configurations associated with interfaces between LENS deposited material and both wrought base material or previously deposited LENS material. Thirteen different interface configurations were fabricated for evaluation representing a spectrum of deposition conditions from complete part build, to hybrid substrate-LENS builds, to repair builds for damaged or re-designed housings. Good mechanical properties and full density were observed for all configurations. When tested to failure, fracture occurred by ductile microvoid coalescence. The repair and hybrid interfaces showed the same metallurgical integrity as, and had properties similar to, monolithic LENS deposits.Mechanical Engineerin

Eye Tracking Analysis in Reading Online Newspapers

Reading online newspapers is increasingly becoming more common, so that thousands of newspapers are published online today. Despite this development, there are many unanswered questions concerning subjects’ behaviour during reading an online newspapers. Recording eye movements when a subject is navigating within a news website can provide quantitative and objective information on subject’s behaviour and combined with other methodologies – usability testing, focus groups, log analysis - represents a powerful tool for improving news websites functionality, and by consequence their achievement among readers. Two Italian newspaper websites have been considered for the study described in this paper and the analysis has been focused on the exploration behaviour within the newspaper home page and the reading of article pages

Human-Animal Bonding in Animal-Assisted Interventions in Counseling

Animal-assisted interventionists incorporating an animal into clinical practice must harness the human–animal bond for therapeutic benefit. Therapists have a duty to understand the complex relational processes occurring in this modality (Stewart, Chang, Parker, & Grubbs, 2016). This paper describes the results of a preliminary study exploring the bonding and attachment processes in animal-assisted interventions in counseling (AAI-C)