Caracterização microestrutural do alumínio e suas ligas

-Inicialmente os bolsistas fizeram revisão bibliográfica do processo de produção de alumínio e suas ligas, sendo nesta estudado os seguintes itens; minério de alumínio, composição química, extração e tratamento, fundamentos da extração do metal, Processo Bayer, extração do Al2O3, Processo Hall-Héroult, obtenção do Al, fundição do metal e suas ligas, propriedades do metal e suas ligas, tratamento térmico do alumínio e suas ligas, identificação dos reagentes utilizados para ataque das amostras, classificações das ligas segundo ABNT. A parte prática teve início com a preparação das amostras de alumínio e suas ligas com as seguintes etapas seleção do material de acordo com os elementos de ligas; corte das amostras, realizado manualmente para evitar possíveis mudanças nas propriedas; embutimento das amostras; identificação das amostras; lixamento das amostras; polimento das amostras; limpeza das amostras; ataque químico das amostras; análises das amostras ao microscópio. Finalmente serão realizadas as interpretações das microestruturas de cada amostra e analise de microdureza dos constituintes

An evaluation of the tolerant to higher inflation rate in the short run by the Brazilian Central Bank in the period 2001-2012

Este artigo analisa o grau de tolerância a elevadas taxas de inflação de curto prazo pelos presidentes do Banco Central no período de 2001 a 2012. Foram usados dados mensais e várias especificações e estimativas da regra de Taylor via GMM. Em geral, os resultados mostram as seguintes evidências empíricas: i) o mandato de Henrique Meirelles foi menos tolerante a taxas de inflação mais elevadas do que o mandato de Armínio Fraga e ii) a administração de Alexandre Tombini é mais tolerante a taxas de inflação mais elevadas no curto prazo do que a de Armínio Fraga.This article investigates the degree of tolerance to higher inflation rates in the short run by the presidents of the Brazilian Central Bank in the period 2001-2012. We used monthly data and various specifications and estimates of the Taylor rule via GMM. In general, the results show the following empirical evidences: i) the mandate of Henrique Meirelles was less tolerant to higher inflation rates when comparing with the mandate of Armínio Fraga and ii) the Alexandre Tombini's administration is more tolerant to higher inflation rate in the short run than Armínio Fraga's

The nursing team before alarm triggering in the neonatal intensive care unit

Objective: describing and discussing the conduct of nurses before the triggering of the alarms by the electrical equipment. Methods: this is a descriptive, exploratory study with a qualitative analysis. Results: the professionals present a good qualification, but act in a complex scenario that requires a differentiated staffing sizing and that was not respected, a fact that may have interfered with service alarm triggered. Conclusion: given the facts above, it is perceived that the training of nursing professionals and the stimulus to updating knowledge and to the compliance with the technical and operational standards of the profession are presented as well-suited solution to the needs of the individual and the company and/or hospital unit, since the ultimate goal is to provide quality care and safety to the patient

O tratamento diretamente observado para tuberculose pode ser substituído e, ainda assim, obter sucesso no tratamento?

The aim of this study was to verify the effectiveness of the application of telemonitoring for monitoring the treatment of patients with TB, according to the nurse's view. A qualitative and quantitative study was carried out in a UBS located in the North Zone of Rio de Janeiro, where 10 professionals (including nurses and nursing residents in their second year of professional residency) evaluated TB treatments underway during the pandemic. Bardin's content analysis was applied in this study. There were different perceptions about this tool used to monitor these patients. It was possible to realize that telemonitoring can be applied as an ally for monitoring patients undergoing treatment for chronic diseases, especially those who have difficulties accessing face-to-face care, although it should be mentioned that there is a certain loss of quality in care because this method does not allow observe information that is not verbalized by the patient.O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a efetividade da aplicação do telemonitoramento para o acompanhamento do tratamento dos pacientes com TB, segundo a visão do enfermeiro. Foi realizado um estudo qualiquantitativo desenvolvido em uma UBS alocada na Zona Norte do Rio de Janeiro onde 10 profissionais (entre enfermeiros e residentes de enfermagem no curso de seu segundo ano de residência profissional) avaliaram os tratamentos para TB em curso durante a pandemia. Foi aplicada a análise de conteúdo de Bardin neste estudo. Houveram percepções distintas sobre esta ferramenta utilizada para o a acompanhamento desses pacientes. Foi possível perceber que o telemonitoramento pode ser aplicado como aliado para acompanhamento de pacientes em tratamento de doenças crônicas, sobretudo aqueles que possuem dificuldades de acesso ao atendimento presencial, embora deva-se citar que há certa perda de qualidade no atendimento pois esse método não possibilita observar informações que não sejam verbalizadas pelo paciente

QUANTIFICAÇÃO DE CHUMBO EM SOLOS: UM ESTUDO COMPARATIVO ENTRE ÁREAS DE FALHA GEOLÓGICA E ÁREAS RURAIS NA CIDADE DE PRESIDENTE PRUDENTE/SP

O objetivo desse trabalho foi a quantificação de Pb em amostras de solos, em áreas específicas na cidade de Presidente Prudente-SP, onde a particularidade do meio físico é o indício de uma falha geológica. Coletaram-se amostras em áreas pré-estabelecidas do Campus da FCT - UNESP, conforme dados referentes à emanação de Rn, e também perfis de solos no Distrito de Montalvão. Utilizou-se a técnica voltamétrica de redissolução anódica com eletrodo de mercúrio para a quantificação de Pb, que mostrou-se satisfatória e com baixo limite de detecção. A concentração de Pb nas amostras de solo coletadas na área rural foi cem vezes menor que na área de suposta falha geológica, gerando a hipótese de influência da emanação de Rn quanto ao teor de Pb nessas áreas. Análises granulométricas e imagens do MEV foram usadas para estudo e caracterização das amostras de solos

17β-Estradiol Treatment Protects Lungs Against Brain Death Effects in Female Rat Donor

Background: Brain death (BD) affects the viability of lungs for transplantation. A correlation exists between high lung inflammation after BD and the decrease in female sex hormones, especially estradiol. Therefore, we investigated the effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) treatment on the lungs of female brain dead rats. Methods: Female Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: BD (submitted to BD for 6 h), sham (false-operated), E2-T0 (treated with E2 immediately after BD; 50 μg/ml, 2 ml/h), and E2-T3 (treated with E2 after 3 h of BD; 50 μg/ml, 2 ml/h). Lung edema, hemorrhage, and leukocyte infiltration were analyzed. Adhesion molecules were evaluated and analysis of NO synthase gene and protein expression was performed using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Release of chemokines and matrix degradation in the lungs were analyzed. Results: BD increased leukocyte infiltration, as shown by intravital microscopy (P=0.017), bronchoalveolar lavage cell count (P=0.016), the release of inflammatory mediators (P=0.02), and expression of adhesion molecules. BD also increased microvascular permeability and the expression and activity of MMP-9 in the lungs. E2 treatment reduced leukocyte infiltration, especially in the E2-T3 group, release of inflammatory mediators, adhesion molecules, and MMP activity in the lungs. Conclusions: E2 treatment was successful in controlling the lung inflammatory response in females submitted to BD. Our results suggest that E2 directly decreases the release of chemokines, restraining cell traffic into the lungs. Thus, E2 has a therapeutic potential, and its role in improving donor lung quality should be explored further

A equipe de enfermagem frente aos acionamentos de alarmes em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal The nursing team before alarm triggering in the neonatal intensive care unit

Objetivos: Descrever e Discutir as condutas dos profissionais de enfermagem diante dos alarmes disparados pelos equipamentos eletromédicos. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório e com análise qualitativa. Resultados: Os profissionais apresentam uma boa qualificação, porém atuam num cenário complexo que exige um dimensionamento de pessoal diferenciado e que não foi respeitado, fato que pode ter interferido no atendimento ao alarme acionado. Conclusão: Diante dos fatos mencionados, percebe-se que a capacitação dos profissionais de enfermagem e o estímulo a atualização de conhecimentos e ao cumprimento das normas técnicas e operacionais da profissão, apresentam-se como solução bem adequada às necessidades do individuo e da empresa e/ou unidade hospitalar, visto que o objetivo final é a prestação de uma assistência de qualidade e a segurança do paciente

Effects of n-3 fatty acids and exercise on oxidative stress parameters in type 2 diabetic : a randomized clinical trial

Background: The relationship between diabetes and oxidative stress has been previously reported. Exercise represents a useful non-pharmacological strategy for the treatment in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients, but high intensity exercise can induce a transient inflammatory state and increase oxidative stress. Nutritional strategies that may contribute to the reduction of oxidative stress induced by acute exercise are necessary. The aim of this study was to examine if n-3 PUFA supplementation intervention can attenuate the inflammatory response and oxidative stress associated with high intensity exercise in this population. As a primary outcome, lipoperoxidation measurements (TBARS and F2-isoprostanes) were selected. Methods: Thirty T2DM patients, without chronic complications, were randomly allocated into two groups: placebo (gelatin capsules) or n-3 PUFA (capsules containing 180 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid and 120 mg of docosahexaenoic acid). Blood samples were collected fasting before and after 8 weeks supplementation. In the beginning and at the end of protocol, an acute exercise was performed (treadmill), and new blood samples were collected before and immediately after the exercise for measurements of oxidative stress and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Results: After the supplementation period, a decrease in triglycerides levels was observed only in n-3 PUFA supplementation group (mean difference and 95% CI of 0.002 (0.000–0.004), p = 0.005). Supplementation also significantly reduced TRAP levels after exercise (mean difference and 95% CI to 9641 (− 20,068–39,351) for − 33,884 (− 56,976 - -10,793), p = 0.004, Cohen’s d effect size = 1.12), but no significant difference was observed in n-3 PUFA supplementation group in lipoperoxidation parameters as TBARS (mean difference and 95% CI to − 3.8 (− 10–2.4) for − 2.9 (− 1.6–7.4) or F2-isoprostanes (mean difference and 95% CI -0.05 (− 0.19–0.10) for − 0.02 (− 0.19–0.16), p > 0.05 for both. Conclusion: PUFA n-3 supplementation reduced triglycerides as well as TRAP levels after exercise, without a significant effect on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with the registration number of NCT03182712

Sex differences in the coagulation process and microvascular perfusion induced by brain death in rats

Brain death (BD) leads to a systemic inflammation associated with the activation of coagulation, which could be related to decreased microcirculatory perfusion. Evidence shows that females exhibit higher platelet aggregability than males. Thus, we investigated sex differences in platelets, coagulation and microcirculatory compromise after BD. BD was induced in male and female (proestrus) Wistar rats. After 3 h, we evaluated: (i) intravital microscopy to evaluate mesenteric perfusion and leucocyte infiltration; (ii) platelet aggregation assay; (iii) rotational thromboelastometry; and (iv) SerumNOx-. Female rats maintained the mesenteric perfusion, whereas male reduced percentage of perfused vessels. Male BD presented higher platelet aggregation than the controls. In contrast, female BD had lower platelet aggregation than the control. Thromboelastometry indicated a reduction in clot firmness with increased clotting time in the female group compared with the male group. SerumNOx-level in female BD was higher than that in the male BD and female control. There is sex dimorphism in platelet function and clotting process, which are altered in different ways by BD. Thus, it is possible to connect the reduction in microcirculatory perfusion in males to intravascular microthrombi formation and the maintenance of perfusion in females to a higher inflammatory response and NO synthesis