Identifying prototypical trust signals in open-source software libraries: A think aloud study

A huge (and increasing) amount of veracity neutral information is available to online information seekers in today’s digital world. However, knowing which information to trust is difficult for users because of the existence of disinformation. Consequently, understanding which information to trust can have serious security implications for users. As an example, Open-source software (OSS) libraries are a useful resource for both experienced and inexperienced coders. However, the open nature of the OSS libraries allows malicious actors to hide numerous types of harmful code within scripts. This has ramifications for users because malicious code can be difficult to detect. For instance, inexperienced users may not have the know how to detect harmful code. Whereas experienced users may not correctly evaluate the trustworthiness of the code due to time constraints. Consequently, it is important to understand the digital trust signals that are being utilised by users to make credibility judgements about code within OSS libraries. This poster presents research on prototypical digital trust signals using a think aloud methodology. We recruited computer science students from the two UK Universities. Participants were asked to think aloud their credibility judgements, whilst interacting with a prototypical OSS library. The collected data will be analysed to identify prototypical trust signals for OSS users. The potential implications of helping to secure OSS libraries will be discussed

The efficacy of temporal unanticipated/anticipated questions within a mock translated interview: A tool to detect deceit?

This study examined the efficacy of the Unanticipated/anticipated cognitive load deception detection technique, within a translated interview. Research on the unanticipated questions technique has shown it can create observable differences between liars and truth tellers. Specifically, the amount of spatial, temporal and perceptual details produced, with liars producing less than truth tellers. The technique relies upon an increase in cognitive load to negate a liar’s ability to create a credible lie. However, this ability to negate liars’ production of a credible lie, may be reduced if liars can reduce their cognitive load, within a translated interview, through having a greater knowledge of the domestic interview language, than they are revealing. 39 English speaking participants were allocated to either a lying or truth telling cognition and then interviewed in Welsh, with an interpreter to translate into English. Whilst 20 Welsh/English speakers were also split into either lying or truth telling conditions. The interviews used unanticipated questions to induce cognitive load. They were then transcribed and coded for spatial, temporal and perceptual details. This study hypothesised that a) bilingual participants would provide a greater amount of spatial, temporal and perceptual details than monolingual and b) that truth tellers would provide greater amounts of spatial, temporal and perceptual details than liars. The results of this study suggest the effect of veracity had no significant result upon the amount of temporal, spatial and perceptual details produced. Secondly, the effect of condition partly supported the hypothesis, in that bilingual participants provided a significantly greater amount of temporal details than monolingual participants. However, they did not provide greater spatial or perceptual. Finally, a correlation between interviewer and participant self-report ratings. This suggested a significant relationship between the preparation/feelings of greater preparation and truth telling. These results suggest that the application of cognitive load, may have been too great and warrants further study as to the exact amount of cognitive load needed

Automated inspection of turbine blades: Challenges and opportunities

Current inspection methods for complex shapes and contours exemplified by aircraft engine turbine blades are expensive, time-consuming and labor intensive. The logistics support of new manufacturing paradigms such as integrated product-process development (IPPD) for current and future engine technology development necessitates high speed, automated inspection of forged and cast jet engine blades, combined with a capability of retaining and retrieving metrology data for process improvements upstream (designer-level) and downstream (end-user facilities) at commercial and military installations. The paper presents the opportunities emerging from a feasibility study conducted using 3-D holographic laser radar in blade inspection. Requisite developments in computing technologies for systems integration of blade inspection in production are also discussed

The role of pre-existing structures during rifting, continental breakup and transform system development, offshore West Greenland

Continental breakup between Greenland and North America produced the small oceanic basins of the Labrador Sea and Baffin Bay, which are connected via the Davis Strait, a region mostly comprised of continental crust. This study contributes to the debate regarding the role of pre-existing structures on rift development in this region using seismic reflection data from the Davis Strait data to produce a series of seismic surfaces, isochrons and a new offshore fault map from which three normal fault sets were identified as (i) NE-SW, (ii) NNW-SSE and (iii) NW-SE. These results were then integrated with plate reconstructions and onshore structural data allowing us to build a two-stage conceptual model for the offshore fault evolution in which basin formation was primarily controlled by rejuvenation of various types of pre-existing structures. During the first phase of rifting between at least Chron 27 (ca. 62 Ma; Palaeocene), but potentially earlier, and Chron 24 (ca. 54 Ma; Eocene) faulting was primarily controlled by pre-existing structures with oblique normal reactivation of both the NE-SW and NW-SE structural sets in addition to possible normal reactivation of the NNW-SSE structural set. In the second rifting stage between Chron 24 (ca. 54 Ma; Eocene) and Chron 13 (ca. 35 Ma; Oligocene), the sinistral Ungava transform fault system developed due to the lateral offset between the Labrador Sea and Baffin Bay. This lateral offset was established in the first rift stage possibly due to the presence of the Nagssugtoqidian and Torngat terranes being less susceptible to rift propagation. Without the influence of pre-existing structures the manifestation of deformation cannot be easily explained during either of the rifting phases. Although basement control diminished into the post-rift, the syn-rift basins from both rift stages continued to influence the location of sedimentation possibly due to differential compaction effects. Variable lithospheric strength through the rifting cycle may provide an explanation for the observed diminishing role of basement structures through time

Comparison of Latanoprostene Bunod 0.024% and Timolol Maleate 0.5% in Open-Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension: The LUNAR Study.

PURPOSE: To compare the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effect of latanoprostene bunod (LBN) 0.024% with timolol maleate 0.5% in subjects with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) or ocular hypertension (OHT). DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-masked, parallel-group, noninferiority clinical trial. METHODS: Adults with OAG or OHT from 46 clinical sites (United States and European Union) were randomized 2:1 to LBN instilled once daily (QD) in the evening and vehicle in the morning or timolol instilled twice a day (BID) for 3 months. IOP was measured at week 2, week 6, and month 3 (8 AM, 12 PM, and 4 PM each visit). RESULTS: A total of 387 subjects (LBN, n = 259; timolol, n = 128) completed the study. Analysis of covariance showed that mean IOP reduction with LBN was not only noninferior to timolol but significantly greater (P ≤ .025) than timolol at all but the first time point in this study (week 2, 8 AM). Of LBN- and timolol-treated subjects, respectively, 31.0% and 18.5% (P = .007) had their IOP reduced ≥25% from baseline, and 17.7% and 11.1% (P = .084) had their IOP reduced to ≤18 mm Hg over all time points/visits in this study. Ocular treatment-emergent adverse events, while uncommon, appeared more frequently in the LBN group (all mild-moderate except 1 case of severe hyperemia). CONCLUSIONS: LBN 0.024% QD in the evening was noninferior to timolol 0.5% BID over 3 months of treatment, with significantly greater IOP lowering in subjects with OAG or OHT at all but the earliest time point evaluated, and demonstrated a good safety profile

Serum Biochemical Changes in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats and Ameliorative Effects of Moringa oleifera and Morinda lucida Leaf Extracts

This study evaluated the antidiabetic properties and biochemical changes in alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated with Moringa oleifera and Morinda lucida leaf extracts. The acute toxicity values of the extracts were determined before evaluating their antidiabetic effects in 7 groups of 4 rats each. Rats in groups 1-6 were made diabetic via a single injection of alloxan monohydrate (160 mg/kg i.p). Animals whose blood glucose levels rose to 200 mg/dl and above were considered diabetic and used for the study, but group 7 was the normal control. Groups 1 and 2 received 500 and 250 mg/kg of M. oleifera extract, respectively, while groups 3 and 4 received 500 and 250 mg/kg of M. lucida extract, respectively. Group 5 received 3 mg/kg of the standard drug (Daonil), while groups 6 and 7 were the diabetic and normal control groups, respectively. Treatment lasted for 21 days and was administered orally. The phytochemical screening results showed that each of the extracts was rich in phytochemical agents. Higher amounts of flavonoids and terpenoids were found in M. oleifera, while M. lucida had higher phenols and saponins. LD50 value obtained for each extract was above 5000 mg/kg. Results of the antidiabetic study indicated that the extracts significantly brought down glucose levels in the test rats (p<0.05) when compared with the diabetic control. Treatment also restored elevated lipids values, liver function, and renal function parameters in the diabetic rats. The decreased glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities and increased lipid peroxidations resulting from diabetes mellitus induction were also significantly corrected following extracts administration when compared with the diabetic control (p<0.05). Our findings show that Moringa oleifera and Morinda lucida extracts may be safe for use in the management of diabetes mellitus and its associated biochemical complications

Theology, News and Notes - Vol. 51, No. 03

Theology News & Notes was a theological journal published by Fuller Theological Seminary from 1954 through 2014.https://digitalcommons.fuller.edu/tnn/1151/thumbnail.jp

The Gallery

Images related to Social Action from nine artists

A framework for improving microRNA prediction in non-human genomes

The prediction of novel pre-microRNA (miRNA) from genomic sequence has received considerable attention recently. However, the majority of studies have focused on the human genome. Previous studies have demonstrated that sensitivity (correctly detecting true miRNA) is sustained when human-trained methods are applied to other species, however they have failed to report the dramatic drop in specificity (the ability to correctly reject non-miRNA sequences) in