Ohio Livestock Waste Management Guide

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Investigation of polyviologens as oxygen indicators in food packaging

A triggered oxygen indicator, formulated from a combination of electrochrome, titanium dioxide and EDTA, was evaluated for use in modified atmosphere packaging. Methylene blue was not an ideal electrochrome due to its slow reduction to the leuco form and fast subsequent oxidation by oxygen present at low concentrations, >0.1%. Polyviologen electrochromes showed much faster reduction after exposure to UV light. Thionine and 2,2?-dicyano-1,1?-dimethylviologen dimesylate, which have more anodic reduction potentials compared to methylene blue, can be used to produce oxygen indicators with decreased sensitivity to oxygen. These indicators can be used to detect oxygen even when levels increase up to 4.0%

The Two Variables in The Triple System HR 6469=V819 Her: One Eclipsing, One Spotted

A complete BV light curve, from 14 nights of good data obtained with the Vanderbilt University-Tennessee State University (VU-TSU) automatic telescope, are presented and solved with the Wilson-Devinney program. Third light is evaluated, with the companion star brighter by 0.58m in V and 0.11m in B. The eclipses are partial. Inferred color indices yield F2 V and F8 V for the eclipsing pair and G8 IV-III for the distant companion star. After removing the variability due to eclipses, we study the residual variability of the G8 IV-III star over the ten years 1982 to 1992. Each yearly light curve is fit with a two-spot model. Three relatively long-lived spots are identified, with rotation periods of 85.9d, 85.9d, and 86.1d. The weak and intermittent variability is understood because the G8 IV-III star has a Rossby number at the threshold for the onset of heavy spottedness

Preladenant as an Adjunctive Therapy With Levodopa in Parkinson Disease

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Evaluation of coded excitations for autonomous airborne ultrasonic inspection

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are receiving increasing attention for use in Non-Destructive Testing due to their ability to access areas where manual inspection is not practical. Contact-based UAV ultrasonic inspections grant the opportunity to remotely monitor the structural health of an industrial asset with enhanced internal integrity information. Ultrasonic inspection is a Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) method conventionally used in corrosion mapping. Surface contacting ultrasonic transducers provide enhanced structural integrity information. However, due to near-surface aerodynamic effects, angular sensitivity of the ultrasound probe and alignment error during autonomous inspections, ultrasonic thickness measurements with low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) are common. Coded excitation consists of a series of binary bits, whereby the polarity of the voltage is varied following a set excitation sequence to produce desirable signal properties. Here, coded excitation is utilised to increase SNR and thereby reduce measurement uncertainty originating from non-ideal transducer alignment with asset surfaces during inspections. This paper evaluates the performance of two binary code sequences (8-bit Golay, 13-bit Barker) for use in autonomous airborne inspections

Multiferroicity in an organic charge-transfer salt: Electric-dipole-driven magnetism

Multiferroics, showing simultaneous ordering of electrical and magnetic degrees of freedom, are remarkable materials as seen from both the academic and technological points of view. A prominent mechanism of multiferroicity is the spin-driven ferroelectricity, often found in frustrated antiferromagnets with helical spin order. There, similar to conventional ferroelectrics, the electrical dipoles arise from an off-centre displacement of ions. However, recently a different mechanism, namely purely electronic ferroelectricity, where charge order breaks inversion symmetry, has attracted considerable interest. Here we provide evidence for this exotic type of ferroelectricity, accompanied by antiferromagnetic spin order, in a two-dimensional organic charge-transfer salt, thus representing a new class of multiferroics. Quite unexpectedly for electronic ferroelectrics, dipolar and spin order arise nearly simultaneously. This can be ascribed to the loss of spin frustration induced by the ferroelectric ordering. Hence, here the spin order is driven by the ferroelectricity, in marked contrast to the spin-driven ferroelectricity in helical magnets.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures (including 4 pages and 6 figures in supplementary information). Version 2 with minor errors corrected (legend of Fig. 3c and definition of vectors e and Q

GNAQ/GNA11 Mosaicism Causes Aberrant Calcium Signaling Susceptible to Targeted Therapeutics

Mosaic variants in genes GNAQ or GNA11 lead to a spectrum of vascular and pigmentary diseases including Sturge-Weber syndrome, in which progressive postnatal neurological deterioration led us to seek biologically targeted therapeutics. Using two cellular models, we find that disease-causing GNAQ/11 variants hyperactivate constitutive and G-protein coupled receptor ligand–induced intracellular calcium signaling in endothelial cells. We go on to show that the aberrant ligand-activated intracellular calcium signal is fueled by extracellular calcium influx through calcium-release-activated channels. Treatment with targeted small interfering RNAs designed to silence the variant allele preferentially corrects both the constitutive and ligand-activated calcium signaling, whereas treatment with a calcium-release-activated channel inhibitor rescues the ligand-activated signal. This work identifies hyperactivated calcium signaling as the primary biological abnormality in GNAQ/11 mosaicism and paves the way for clinical trials with genetic or small molecule therapies

Targeted eddy current inspection based on ultrasonic feature guided wave screening of resistance seam welds

Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) of manufactured components has traditionally been expensive and labour intensive. Such issues are compounded further in safety-conscious industries such as nuclear and aerospace. With the advent of industry 4.0, an opportunity to exploit the intersection of many different NDT modalities to increase the productivity of current inspection regimes presents itself via robotic control. Two of the most common inspection modalities are ultrasonic and eddy current testing, with many benefits being derived from leveraging their respective advantages. Within the broader family of ultrasonic NDT, guided wave inspection has mainly been used as a screening tool to test long lengths of components from a single transducer location. It has also been shown that Feature Guided Waves (FGWs) that have their energy confined to a topological feature within a component’s geometry exist. As a result, FGWs offer much promise when it comes to targeted screening of key structural features such as welds or adhesive bonds. Moreover, due to the inherent dispersion, guided wave testing has proven to be complex, making operator training paramount and increasing the cost of industrial deployment. Furthermore, it is common to use a localised NDT modality in combination with guided wave testing when attempting defect characterisation creating further cost and time demands on operators. To relieve these pain points and realise the benefits of using multiple inspection modalities, the authors present the use of a flexible robotic system to flag potential defective regions within resistance seam welded (RSW) components via a novel ultrasonic FGW technique, and then perform targeted raster scans using an eddy current array on any of the identified defective regions. RSWs are used to seal nuclear grade canisters and represent a key industrial area that could benefit from data sharing across NDT modalities. A novel FGW was studied in detail through simulations and experiments. A weld guided mode like that of the fundamental antisymmetric mode of a free plate was discovered to have high energy concentration in the RSW joint and could readily detect transversal defects of ≥1mm in depth. The FGW technique was deployed in a semi-autonomous fashion lowering the aforementioned technical deployment barriers. Control of the robotic system as well as the ultrasonic and eddy current data acquisition, was performed within the LabVIEW software environment. This common integration allowed for seamless sharing of key parameters between the FGW and eddy current inspection modalities. For simplicity, flat RSW plates with transversal EDM notches ranging from 1mm depth and above were manufactured where the EDM notches represented transversal cracks within the component. Several experiments were performed on these samples where the inspection time associated with targeted raster scanning of the eddy current array on defective regions was compared to that of untargeted raster scanning of the entire component. It was shown that combining such techniques within a robotic environment greatly increases the productivity and lowers the time taken to effectively scan for defects within key structural features by at least a factor of 5. Future work is now focusing on expanding the results observed for the flat plate RSW samples to cylindrical RSW samples representative of sealed nuclear canisters

How useful are malaria risk maps at the country level? Perceptions of decision-makers in Kenya, Malawi and the Democratic Republic of Congo

BackgroundDeclining malaria prevalence and pressure on external funding have increased the need for efficiency in malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Modelled Plasmodium falciparum parasite rate (PfPR) maps are increasingly becoming available and provide information on the epidemiological situation of countries. However, how these maps are understood or used for national malaria planning is rarely explored. In this study, the practices and perceptions of national decision-makers on the utility of malaria risk maps, showing prevalence of parasitaemia or incidence of illness, was investigated.MethodsA document review of recent National Malaria Strategic Plans was combined with 64 in-depth interviews with stakeholders in Kenya, Malawi and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The document review focused on the type of epidemiological maps included and their use in prioritising and targeting interventions. Interviews (14 Kenya, 17 Malawi, 27 DRC, 6 global level) explored drivers of stakeholder perceptions of the utility, value and limitations of malaria risk maps.ResultsThree different types of maps were used to show malaria epidemiological strata: malaria prevalence using a PfPR modelled map (Kenya); malaria incidence using routine health system data (Malawi); and malaria prevalence using data from the most recent Demographic and Health Survey (DRC). In Kenya the map was used to target preventative interventions, including long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) and intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp), whilst in Malawi and DRC the maps were used to target in-door residual spraying (IRS) and LLINs distributions in schools. Maps were also used for operational planning, supply quantification, financial justification and advocacy. Findings from the interviews suggested that decision-makers lacked trust in the modelled PfPR maps when based on only a few empirical data points (Malawi and DRC).ConclusionsMaps were generally used to identify areas with high prevalence in order to implement specific interventions. Despite the availability of national level modelled PfPR maps in all three countries, they were only used in one country. Perceived utility of malaria risk maps was associated with the epidemiological structure of the country and use was driven by perceived need, understanding (quality and relevance), ownership and trust in the data used to develop the maps