Wind-Tunnel Investigation of a Revised Horizontal Tail Surface for the Grumman TBF-1 Airplane

No abstract availabl

The letters of an English lady to her father 1837-1842

The eight letters which are reproduced here are part of the correspondence between Fanny Liddell, nee Sconce, and her father Robert Sconce . During most of these years , he appears to have lived in Malta and these letters were written to him whilst Fanny, her husband John, her sons Johnny and later Bobby, were travelling in Europe or at home in England. One letter was written by her in Malta when her father was in Switzerland . They are interesting because of the warmth, attractiveness, and spontaneity of the writer's personality which still comes very much alive after the world has seen tremendous changes in the last century and a half. They also give a fascinating insight into the business of European travelling at that time. The various references to packet boat sailing and the times taken then for various journeys may be useful to postal historians. Unfortunately, these eight letters have now been dispersed. However , I am glad that before this happened, I had the opportunity to record this little vignette of life in the Europe of 140 years agonon peer-reviewe

Eff ects of recurrent violence on post-traumatic stress disorder and severe distress in confl ict-aff ected Timor-Leste:a 6-year longitudinal study

Background Little is known about the eff ect of recurrent episodes of communal violence on mental health in countries recovering from mass confl ict. We report results of a 6-year longitudinal study in post-confl ict Timor-Leste assessing changes in mental health after a period of communal violence. Methods We assessed 1022 adults (600 from a rural village, 422 from an urban district) exposed to mass confl ict during the Indonesian occupation after independence in 2004, and again in 2010–11, following a period of internal confl ict. We took a census of all adults living at the two sites. The survey included measures of post-traumatic stress disorder, severe distress, traumatic events, poverty, ongoing confl ict, and injustice. Findings 1247 (80%) of 1554 invited adults participated in the baseline survey. 1038 (89% of those eligible) were followed up. The analysis included 1022 people who had suffi cient data at baseline and follow-up. The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder increased from 23 of 1022 (2∙3%) in 2004, to 171 of 1022 (16∙7%) in 2010. The prevalence of severe distress also increased, from 57 of 1022 (5∙6%) in 2004, to 162 of 1022 (15∙9%) in 2010. Both these outcomes were associated with disability at follow-up. Having post-traumatic stress at follow-up was associated with being a woman (odds ratio [OR] 1·63, 95% CI 1∙14–2∙32), experience of human rights trauma (OR 1∙25, 95% CI 1∙07–1∙47), or exposure to murder (OR 1∙71, 95% CI 1∙38–2∙10) during the Indonesian occupation (1975–99), human rights trauma during the period of internal violence in 2006–07 (OR 1∙46, 95% CI 1∙04–2∙03), and ongoing family or community confl ict (OR 1∙80, 95% CI 1∙15–2∙80) or preoccupations with injustice for two or three historical periods (OR 4∙06, 2∙63–6∙28). Severe distress at follow-up was associated with health stress (OR 1∙47, 1∙14–1∙90), exposure to murder (OR 1∙57, 1∙27–1∙95), and natural disaster (OR 1∙65, 1∙03–2∙64) during the Indonesian occupation, confl ict-related trauma during the internal violence (OR 1∙33, 1∙02–1∙74), and ongoing poverty (OR 1∙53, 1∙36–1∙72) or preoccupations with injustice for two or three historical periods (OR 2∙09, 1∙25–3∙50). Interpretation Recurrent violence resulted in a major increase in post-traumatic stress disorder and severe distress in a community previously exposed to mass confl ict. Poverty, ongoing community tensions, and persisting feelings of injustice contributed to mental disorders. The fi ndings underscore the importance of preventing recurrent violence, alleviating poverty, and addressing injustices in countries emerging from confl ict

A two-directional approach to pyrrolizidines: total syntheses and biological evaluation of alkaloid cis-223B and (+/-)-xenovenine

Total syntheses of alkaloid cis-223B and xenovenine are reported in 3 and 4 steps respectively using a two-directional synthesis/triple reductive amination strategy, and their neurotoxic properties assessed