Light, Place, and the Temporal Experience: A Proposal for a Live Work Building in Nashville, Tennessee

“An architecture must have the religion of light. A sense of light is the giver of all presences, because natural light gives the mood of the day. The season of the year is brought into a room.” Louis Kahn The understanding and manipulation of natural light lie at the heart of any architectural project, but it is also a universally available, physical manifestation of the passage of time. Natural light signals the times of the day, providing different qualities of light as the sun penetrates the atmosphere at different angles. Seasonally, the summer sun shines high in the sky through more pronounced foliage while low winter sun angles produce long shadows and light with vastly different strengths and tones. Natural light has a profound ability to convey, at any point in our built environment, a remarkable immediacy of ‘place’ and ‘time’ (Ando, 471). However, the abundance of natural light does not in itself communicate temporality. It is the interaction between natural light and architecture where the temporal experience is realized. The few architects who have conveyed this phenomenon so successfully have drawn from antiquity, designing simple forms with calculated approaches to capturing, manipulating, and displaying natural light. The task of contemporary architects should be to reestablish the temporal experience, reminiscent of Tadao Ando, Le Corbusier, and Louis Kahn. In doing so, architecture will regain the sensual experiences and meaning it has lost. This thesis will investigate the use of light and the temporal experience in architecture as a vehicle to reestablish man’s sensory experience of the natural world. The proposal for this architectural investigation is a live work studio environment in Nashville, Tennessee, where residences have the unique experience of occupying a single building 24 hours a day. The great majority of us occupy several different buildings throughout the day, resulting in the loss of the complete temporal experience. To experience how natural light engages, enlivens, and transforms a single work of architecture throughout an entire day and throughout the seasons is to fully understand the sensual qualities that it possesses. The site for this investigation is a Brownfield area of North Nashville, scarred by large scale manufacturing and industry. Currently, the area is in the beginning stages of redevelopment into a collection mixed use, residential, and retail properties. Reestablishment of the sensual experience within this desolate and highly urbanized environment will be extremely valuable in this curative process

Controlled Ecological Life Support Systems: Natural and Artificial Ecosystems

The scientists supported by the NASA sponsored Controlled Ecological Life Support Systems (CELSS) program have played a major role in creating a Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) section devoted to the development of bioregenerative life support for use in space. The series of 22 papers were sponsored by Subcommission F.4. The papers deal with many of the diverse aspects of life support, and with outgrowth technologies that may have commercial applications in fields such as biotechnology and bioengineering. Papers from researchers in France, Canada, Japan and the USSR are also presented

Wall Street Scandals: The Curative Effects of Law and Finance

This Article studies three scandals that embroiled U.S. financial markets during the past decade or so, including the Nasdaq market-makers\u27 use only of odd-eighths quotes, the abuse of specialist power on the New York Stock Exchange, and the mutual fund scandal. We attempt to attribute the resolution of these situations to the curative effects of markets versus regulation. We argue that the intervention of the legal system through regulation and/or litigation is often necessary to help resolve the misalignment of incentives needed for markets to accomplish their goal of maximizing value. The Article suggests that there exists an important synergy between financial markets and law that is often overlooked

False-negative upper extremity ultrasound in the initial evaluation of patients with suspected subclavian vein thrombosis due to thoracic outlet syndrome (Paget-Schroetter syndrome)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the utilization and consequences of upper extremity Duplex ultrasound in the initial diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected subclavian vein (SCV) thrombosis and venous thoracic outlet syndrome (VTOS). METHODS: A retrospective single-center review was conducted for patients that underwent primary surgical treatment for VTOS between 2008 and 2017, in whom an upper extremity ultrasound had been performed as the initial diagnostic test (n = 214). Clinical and treatment characteristics were compared between patients with positive and false-negative ultrasound studies. RESULTS: There were 122 men (57%) and 92 women (43%) that had presented with spontaneous idiopathic arm swelling, including 28 (13%) with proven pulmonary embolism, at a mean age of 30.7 ± 0.8 years (range 14-69). Upper extremity ultrasound had been performed 23.8 ± 12.2 days after the onset of symptoms, with confirmation of axillary-SCV thrombosis in 169 patients (79%) and negative results in 45 (21%). Of the false-negative ultrasound study reports, only 8 (18%) acknowledged limitations in visualizing the central SCV. Definitive diagnostic imaging (DDI) had been obtained by upper extremity venography in 175 (82%), computed tomography angiography in 24 (11%), and magnetic resonance angiography in 15 (7%), with 142 (66%) undergoing catheter-directed axillary-SCV thrombolysis. The mean interval between initial ultrasound and DDI was 48.9 ± 14.2 days with no significant difference between groups, but patients with a positive ultrasound were more likely to have DDI within 48 hours than those with a false-negative ultrasound (44% vs 24%; P = .02). At the time of surgical treatment, the SCV was widely patent following paraclavicular decompression and external venolysis alone in 74 patients (35%). Patch angioplasty was performed for focal SCV stenosis in 76 (36%) and bypass graft reconstruction for long-segment axillary-SCV occlusion in 63 (29%). Patients with false-negative initial ultrasound studies were significantly more likely to require SCV bypass reconstruction than those with a positive ultrasound (44% vs 25%; P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: Duplex ultrasound has significant limitations in the initial evaluation of patients with suspected SCV thrombosis, with false-negative results in 21% of patients with proven VTOS. This is rarely acknowledged in ultrasound reports, but false-negative ultrasound studies have the potential to delay definitive imaging, thrombolysis, and further treatment for VTOS. Initial false-negative ultrasound results are associated with progressive thrombus extension and a more frequent need for SCV bypass reconstruction at the time of surgical treatment

Missouri cattle feeding manual

"Cattle feeding is a big business in Missouri, but it has potential for becoming much bigger. This report gives information farmers need to help decide whether to enter or expand in this business. First, however, here is a brief sketch of the industry as it appears today."--First page.G.B. Thompson (Associate Professor of Animal Husbandry), Robert M. George (Associate Professor of Agricultural Engineering), and Robert M. Finley (Professor of Agricultural Economics)Includes bibliographical references

C57BL/6 life span study: age-related declines in muscle power production and contractile velocity

Quantification of key outcome measures in animal models of aging is an important step preceding intervention testing. One such measurement, skeletal muscle power generation (force * velocity), is critical for dynamic movement. Prior research focused on maximum power (P max), which occurs around 30-40 % of maximum load. However, movement occurs over the entire load range. Thus, the primary purpose of this study was to determine the effect of age on power generation during concentric contractions in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles over the load range from 10 to 90 % of peak isometric tetanic force (P 0). Adult, old, and elderly male C57BL/6 mice were examined for contractile function (6-7 months old, 100 % survival; ~24 months, 75 %; and ~28 months, 50 % P 0). The shape of the force-velocity curve also changed with age (a/P 0 increased). In addition, there were prolonged contraction times to maximum force and shifts in the distribution of the myosin light and heavy chain isoforms in the EDL. The results demonstrate that age-associated difficulty in movement during challenging tasks is likely due, in addition to overall reduced force output, to an accelerated deterioration of power production and contractile velocity under heavily loaded conditions.R01 AG017768 - NIA NIH HHS; F31 AG044108 - NIA NIH HHS; T32 AG029796 - NIA NIH HHS; R01 EY15313 - NEI NIH HHS; R01 EY015313 - NEI NIH HH

Generation of an intense cold-atom beam from a pyramidal magneto-optical trap: experiment and simulation

An intense cold-atom beam source based on a modified pyramidal magneto-optical trap has been developed and characterized. We have produced a slow beam of cold cesium atoms with a continuous flux of 2.2× 10^9 atoms/s at a mean velocity of 15 m/s and with a divergence of 15 mrad. The corresponding radiant intensity is 1.2×10^13 atom s^−1 sr^−1. We have characterized the performance of our beam source over a range of operating conditions, and the measured values for atom flux, mean velocity, and divergence are in good agreement with results from detailed Monte Carlo numerical simulations

An Isopach Map and Discussion of Triassic Strata in Southern Montana and Wyoming

Oil and gas have been found in the Triassic strata of Wyoming. Although the Triassic has not as yet proven to be a large producing horizon it is very probable that ad­ditional oil will be found in Triassic strata in the future, and it is one of the goals at which oil well drillers aim their tools