322 research outputs found

    Contact and Friction of Nano-Asperities: Effects of Adsorbed Monolayers

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    Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study contact between a rigid, nonadhesive, spherical tip with radius of order 30nm and a flat elastic substrate covered with a fluid monolayer of adsorbed chain molecules. Previous studies of bare surfaces showed that the atomic scale deviations from a sphere that are present on any tip constructed from discrete atoms lead to significant deviations from continuum theory and dramatic variability in friction forces. Introducing an adsorbed monolayer leads to larger deviations from continuum theory, but decreases the variations between tips with different atomic structure. Although the film is fluid, it remains in the contact and behaves qualitatively like a thin elastic coating except for certain tips at high loads. Measures of the contact area based on the moments or outer limits of the pressure distribution and on counting contacting atoms are compared. The number of tip atoms making contact in a time interval grows as a power of the interval when the film is present and logarithmically with the interval for bare surfaces. Friction is measured by displacing the tip at a constant velocity or pulling the tip with a spring. Both static and kinetic friction rise linearly with load at small loads. Transitions in the state of the film lead to nonlinear behavior at large loads. The friction is less clearly correlated with contact area than load.Comment: RevTex4, 17 pages, 13 figure

    Industrial work placement in higher education: a study of civil engineering student engagement

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    For civil engineering undergraduates, the opportunity to spend a period of time in formal industrial work placement provides an invaluable learning experience. This paper reviews student engagement with short-term industrial placement and provides analysis of questionnaires (n=174) returned by undergraduates studying civil engineering at four Higher Education Institutes (HEIā€™s) in the West of Scotland. The data captures industrial placement statistics, employability skill-sets and presents brief testimonies from students. Whilst the journey to becoming a professional civil engineer is undoubtedly enhanced by short-term placement clear opportunities exist for HEIā€™s to affect and change existing pedagogical discourse. Commentary is likely to resonate beyond civil engineering and serve as a timely reminder of the need to re-invigorate academia / industry curriculum partnerships

    Cardiovascular comorbidities among public health clinic patients with diabetes: the Urban Diabetics Study

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    BACKGROUND: We sought to determine the frequency and distribution of cardiovascular comorbidities in a large cohort of low-income patients with diabetes who had received primary care for diabetes at municipal health clinics. METHODS: Outpatient data from the Philadelphia Health Care Centers was linked with hospital discharge data from all Pennsylvania hospitals and death certificates. RESULTS: Among 10,095 primary care patients with diabetes, with a mean observation period of 4.6 years (2.8 after diabetes diagnosis), 2,693 (14.3%) were diagnosed with heart disease, including 270 (1.4%) with myocardial infarction and 912 (4.8%) with congestive heart failure. Cerebrovascular disease was diagnosed in 588 patients (3.1%). Over 77% of diabetic patients were diagnosed with hypertension. Incidence rates of new complications ranged from 0.6 per 100 person years for myocardial infarction to 26.5 per 100 person years for hypertension. Non-Hispanic whites had higher rates of myocardial infarction, and Hispanics and Asians had fewer comorbid conditions than African Americans and non-Hispanic whites. CONCLUSION: Cardiovascular comorbidities were common both before and after diabetes diagnosis in this low-income cohort, but not substantially different from mixed-income managed care populations, perhaps as a consequence of access to primary care and pharmacy services

    The impact of circulating preeclampsia-associated extracellular vesicles on the migratory activity and phenotype of THP-1 monocytic cells

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    Intercellular communication via extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their target cells, especially immune cells, results in functional and phenotype changes that consequently may play a significant role in various physiological states and the pathogenesis of immune-mediated disorders. Monocytes are the most prominent environment-sensing immune cells in circulation, skilled to shape their microenvironments via cytokine secretion and further differentiation. Both the circulating monocyte subset distribution and the blood plasma EV pattern are characteristic for preeclampsia, a pregnancy induced immune-mediated hypertensive disorder. We hypothesized that preeclampsia-associated EVs (PE-EVs) induced functional and phenotypic alterations of monocytes. First, we proved EV binding and uptake by THP-1 cells. Cellular origin and protein cargo of circulating PE-EVs were characterized by flow cytometry and mass spectrometry. An altered phagocytosis-associated molecular pattern was found on 12.5 K fraction of PE-EVs: an elevated CD47 "don't eat me" signal (p < 0.01) and decreased exofacial phosphatidylserine "eat-me" signal (p < 0.001) were found along with decreased uptake of these PE-EVs (p < 0.05). The 12.5 K fraction of PE-EVs induced significantly lower chemotaxis (p < 0.01) and cell motility but accelerated cell adhesion of THP-1 cells (p < 0.05). The 12.5 K fraction of PE-EVs induced altered monocyte functions suggest that circulating EVs may have a role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia

    Ex Vivo Expansion of Human CD8+ T Cells Using Autologous CD4+ T Cell Help

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    Background: Using in vivo mouse models, the mechanisms of CD4+ T cell help have been intensively investigated. However, a mechanistic analysis of human CD4+ T cell help is largely lacking. Our goal was to elucidate the mechanisms of human CD4+ T cell help of CD8+ T cell proliferation using a novel in vitro model. Methods/Principal Findings: We developed a genetically engineered novel human cell-based artificial APC, aAPC/mOKT3, which expresses a membranous form of the anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody OKT3 as well as other immune accessory molecules. Without requiring the addition of allogeneic feeder cells, aAPC/mOKT3 enabled the expansion of both peripheral and tumor-infiltrating T cells, regardless of HLA-restriction. Stimulation with aAPC/mOKT3 did not expand Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, and expanded tumor infiltrating lymphocytes predominantly secreted Th1-type cytokines, interferon-Ī³ and IL-2. In this aAPC-based system, the presence of autologous CD4+ T cells was associated with significantly improved CD8+ T cell expansion in vitro. The CD4+ T cell derived cytokines IL-2 and IL-21 were necessary but not sufficient for this effect. However, CD4+ T cell help of CD8+ T cell proliferation was partially recapitulated by both adding IL-2/IL-21 and by upregulation of IL-21 receptor on CD8+ T cells. Conclusions: We have developed an in vitro model that advances our understanding of the immunobiology of human CD4+ T cell help of CD8+ T cells. Our data suggests that human CD4+ T cell help can be leveraged to expand CD8+ T cells in vitro

    Effect of a Fatty Acid Additive on the Kinetic Friction and Stiction of Confined Liquid Lubricants

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    Apresentamos neste texto parte das produƧƵes de pesquisa que acompanhou a construĆ§Ć£o de corpos inseridos num Centro de AtenĆ§Ć£o Psicossocial para Ɓlcool e outras Drogas, em cidade do nordeste brasileiro, focando de modo mais acentuado em arranjos de masculinidades. Especial atenĆ§Ć£o Ć© dada Ć  tensĆ£o entre normalizaĆ§Ć£o de corpos e tentativas de (re)existĆŖncias. A argumentaĆ§Ć£o se desenvolve no campo da saĆŗde pĆŗblica, em particular o da saĆŗde mental, e alicerƧada nos estudos de gĆŖnero e sexualidade. A produĆ§Ć£o de dados se valeu de observaƧƵes registradas em diĆ”rio de campo, acompanhamento itinerante, composiĆ§Ć£o de um coletivo de pesquisa, entrevistas, grupos focais em que, dentre outras coisas, se discutia trechos de diĆ”rios de campo, rodas de conversa e oficinas com profissionais e usuĆ”ri*s. A aposta metodolĆ³gica foi a de forjar um modo de narrar coletivo que agenciasse experimentaĆ§Ć£o e desaprendizagens corporais, junto a modos de produzir cuidado em saĆŗde e de fazer pesquisa.Apresentamos neste texto parte das produƧƵes de pesquisa que acompanhou a construĆ§Ć£o de corpos inseridos num Centro de AtenĆ§Ć£o Psicossocial para Ɓlcool e outras Drogas, em cidade do nordeste brasileiro, focando de modo mais acentuado em arranjos de masculinidades. Especial atenĆ§Ć£o Ć© dada Ć  tensĆ£o entre normalizaĆ§Ć£o de corpos e tentativas de (re)existĆŖncias. A argumentaĆ§Ć£o se desenvolve no campo da saĆŗde pĆŗblica, em particular o da saĆŗde mental, e alicerƧada nos estudos de gĆŖnero e sexualidade. A produĆ§Ć£o de dados se valeu de observaƧƵes registradas em diĆ”rio de campo, acompanhamento itinerante, composiĆ§Ć£o de um coletivo de pesquisa, entrevistas, grupos focais em que, dentre outras coisas, se discutia trechos de diĆ”rios de campo, rodas de conversa e oficinas com profissionais e usuĆ”ri*s. A aposta metodolĆ³gica foi a de forjar um modo de narrar coletivo que agenciasse experimentaĆ§Ć£o e desaprendizagens corporais, junto a modos de produzir cuidado em saĆŗde e de fazer pesquisa.Apresentamos neste texto parte das produƧƵes de pesquisa que acompanhou a construĆ§Ć£o de corpos inseridos num Centro de AtenĆ§Ć£o Psicossocial para Ɓlcool e outras Drogas, em cidade do nordeste brasileiro, focando de modo mais acentuado em arranjos de masculinidades. Especial atenĆ§Ć£o Ć© dada Ć  tensĆ£o entre normalizaĆ§Ć£o de corpos e tentativas de (re)existĆŖncias. A argumentaĆ§Ć£o se desenvolve no campo da saĆŗde pĆŗblica, em particular o da saĆŗde mental, e alicerƧada nos estudos de gĆŖnero e sexualidade. A produĆ§Ć£o de dados se valeu de observaƧƵes registradas em diĆ”rio de campo, acompanhamento itinerante, composiĆ§Ć£o de um coletivo de pesquisa, entrevistas, grupos focais em que, dentre outras coisas, se discutia trechos de diĆ”rios de campo, rodas de conversa e oficinas com profissionais e usuĆ”ri*s. A aposta metodolĆ³gica foi a de forjar um modo de narrar coletivo que agenciasse experimentaĆ§Ć£o e desaprendizagens corporais, junto a modos de produzir cuidado em saĆŗde e de fazer pesquisa.Apresentamos neste texto parte das produƧƵes de pesquisa que acompanhou a construĆ§Ć£o de corpos inseridos num Centro de AtenĆ§Ć£o Psicossocial para Ɓlcool e outras Drogas, em cidade do nordeste brasileiro, focando de modo mais acentuado em arranjos de masculinidades. Especial atenĆ§Ć£o Ć© dada Ć  tensĆ£o entre normalizaĆ§Ć£o de corpos e tentativas de (re)existĆŖncias. A argumentaĆ§Ć£o se desenvolve no campo da saĆŗde pĆŗblica, em particular o da saĆŗde mental, e alicerƧada nos estudos de gĆŖnero e sexualidade. A produĆ§Ć£o de dados se valeu de observaƧƵes registradas em diĆ”rio de campo, acompanhamento itinerante, composiĆ§Ć£o de um coletivo de pesquisa, entrevistas, grupos focais em que, dentre outras coisas, se discutia trechos de diĆ”rios de campo, rodas de conversa e oficinas com profissionais e usuĆ”ri*s. A aposta metodolĆ³gica foi a de forjar um modo de narrar coletivo que agenciasse experimentaĆ§Ć£o e desaprendizagens corporais, junto a modos de produzir cuidado em saĆŗde e de fazer pesquisa.Apresentamos neste texto parte das produƧƵes de pesquisa que acompanhou a construĆ§Ć£o de corpos inseridos num Centro de AtenĆ§Ć£o Psicossocial para Ɓlcool e outras Drogas, em cidade do nordeste brasileiro, focando de modo mais acentuado em arranjos de masculinidades. Especial atenĆ§Ć£o Ć© dada Ć  tensĆ£o entre normalizaĆ§Ć£o de corpos e tentativas de (re)existĆŖncias. A argumentaĆ§Ć£o se desenvolve no campo da saĆŗde pĆŗblica, em particular o da saĆŗde mental, e alicerƧada nos estudos de gĆŖnero e sexualidade. A produĆ§Ć£o de dados se valeu de observaƧƵes registradas em diĆ”rio de campo, acompanhamento itinerante, composiĆ§Ć£o de um coletivo de pesquisa, entrevistas, grupos focais em que, dentre outras coisas, se discutia trechos de diĆ”rios de campo, rodas de conversa e oficinas com profissionais e usuĆ”ri*s. A aposta metodolĆ³gica foi a de forjar um modo de narrar coletivo que agenciasse experimentaĆ§Ć£o e desaprendizagens corporais, junto a modos de produzir cuidado em saĆŗde e de fazer pesquisa.Apresentamos neste texto parte das produƧƵes de pesquisa que acompanhou a construĆ§Ć£o de corpos inseridos num Centro de AtenĆ§Ć£o Psicossocial para Ɓlcool e outras Drogas, em cidade do nordeste brasileiro, focando de modo mais acentuado em arranjos de masculinidades. Especial atenĆ§Ć£o Ć© dada Ć  tensĆ£o entre normalizaĆ§Ć£o de corpos e tentativas de (re)existĆŖncias. A argumentaĆ§Ć£o se desenvolve no campo da saĆŗde pĆŗblica, em particular o da saĆŗde mental, e alicerƧada nos estudos de gĆŖnero e sexualidade. A produĆ§Ć£o de dados se valeu de observaƧƵes registradas em diĆ”rio de campo, acompanhamento itinerante, composiĆ§Ć£o de um coletivo de pesquisa, entrevistas, grupos focais em que, dentre outras coisas, se discutia trechos de diĆ”rios de campo, rodas de conversa e oficinas com profissionais e usuĆ”ri*s. A aposta metodolĆ³gica foi a de forjar um modo de narrar coletivo que agenciasse experimentaĆ§Ć£o e desaprendizagens corporais, junto a modos de produzir cuidado em saĆŗde e de fazer pesquisa.The paper presents part of the research productions that accompanied the construction of bodies inserted in a Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAPS-AD) of a city in the northern region of Brasil, focusing more sharply on masculinities arrangements. Special attention is given to the tension between normalized bodies and attempts at resistance and (re) exist. The argument is in the field of public health, particularly mental health, and rooted in gender and sexuality studies. The data production methodology made use of observations recorded in a diary, itinerant follow-up of a collective of research, interviews, focus groups where, among other things, was discussed diary topics, conversation circles and workshops. The attempt was to produce a way of collective narrating strategy, combining up experience and body (un)learn well as ways of producing health care and doing research
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