Le contrôle judiciaire de la procédure administrative : éléments de droit comparé, fédéral, ontarien et québécois

The exercise of diverse powers whether « administrative » or judicial or quasi-judicial by administrative bodies, raises many procedural issues. This article approaches them from a comparative point of view, hocking at selected cases from of Ontario and Quebec courts and the Federal Court of Canada. The cases studied concern the judicial control of administrative procedure followed by central institutions (that is, the Crown, governmental departments and administrative agencies, commissions or boards) in the three systems of law mentioned. A comparative approach permits us to identify existing trends in the immense body of day-to-day decisions made by the courts. Thus, with respect to the many procedural questions raised by administrative and governmental decision-making, elements of convergence or divergence can be identified in the judicial answers given to practical issues

Constraint-based Subspace Clustering

International audienceIn high dimensional data, the general performance of traditional clustering algorithms decreases. This is partly because the similarity criterion used by these algorithms becomes inadequate in high dimensional space. Another reason is that some dimensions are likely to be irrelevant or contain noisy data, thus hiding a possible clustering. To overcome these problems, subspace clustering techniques, which can automatically find clusters in relevant subsets of dimensions, have been developed. However, due to the huge number of subspaces to consider, these techniques often lack efficiency. In this paper we propose to extend the framework of bottom up subspace clustering algorithms by integrating background knowledge and, in particular, instance-level constraints to speed up the enumeration of subspaces. We show how this new framework can be applied to both density and distance based bottom-up subspace clustering techniques. Our experiments on real datasets show that instance-level constraints cannot only increase the efficiency of the clustering process but also the accuracy of the resultant clustering

Graph space: using both geometric and probabilistic structure to evaluate statistical graph models

Statistical graph models aim at modeling graphs as random realization among a set of possible graphs. One issue is to evaluate whether or not a graph is likely to have been generated by one particular model. In this paper we introduce the edit distance expected value (EDEV) and compare it with other methods such as entropy and distance to the barycenter. We show that contrary to them, EDEV is able to distinguish between graphs that have a typical structure with respect to a model, and those that do not. Finally we introduce a statistical hypothesis testing methodology based on this distance to evaluate the relevance of a candidate model with respect to an observed graph

Minimum entropy stochastic block models neglect edge distribution heterogeneity

The statistical inference of stochastic block models as emerged as a mathematicaly principled method for identifying communities inside networks. Its objective is to find the node partition and the block-to-block adjacency matrix of maximum likelihood i.e. the one which has most probably generated the observed network. In practice, in the so-called microcanonical ensemble, it is frequently assumed that when comparing two models which have the same number and sizes of communities, the best one is the one of minimum entropy i.e. the one which can generate the less different networks. In this paper, we show that there are situations in which the minimum entropy model does not identify the most significant communities in terms of edge distribution, even though it generates the observed graph with a higher probability

El silúrico de Galicia Media (central): su importancia en la paleográfica varisca

[Resumen] La sucesión silúrica es estudiada en el flanco Oeste y Sud-Oeste del anticlinal del (Ollo de Sapo» (Este de Cabo Ortegal y región de Verín). Estas observaciones y los datos exIstentes permiten discutir ciertos problemas estratigráficos y paleogeográficos. Se señala la originalidad de la zona de Galicia Media-"Tras"'os"Montes” en el marco de la paleogeografía del Silúrico de la Península Ibérica[Abstract] The Silurian succession is described in the region located to the Westand the Southwest of the ((0llo de Sapo» anticline (East of Cabo ,Ortegal and Verinarea). Stratigraphical and palaeogeographical problems are discussed on the basis of this study and of previous data. The originality of the ((Middle-Galicia-Tras-os-Montes zone» in the Iherian Silurian palaeogeography is pointed out