244 research outputs found
Remoção de MP2,5 por árvores urbanas em áreas com diferentes condições de arborização em São Paulo, utilizando um modelo big-leaf
Air pollution is one of the main environmental problems in megacities, such as the metropolitan area of São Paulo (MASP), in Brazil. Urban forests can alleviate air pollution by providing a surface for the dry deposition of particles and trace gases. To benefit from this environmental service and design future green structures, it is crucial to estimate the removal rate of air pollutants by trees. The removal rates of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) by urban trees were quantitatively assessed for the first time in Brazil. A big-leaf modeling approach was adopted, using the i-Tree Eco software. In situ dendrometric data, hourly PM2.5 concentrations, and meteorological variables were used as inputs to the model. PM2.5 removal fluxes ranged between 0.06 and 0.21 g/m2/year in three study areas with contrasting urban forestry conditions. The neighborhood with the greatest canopy cover and tree diversity had the highest removal rates. The evergreen character of the urban forest in the MASP possibly contributed to the relatively high PM2.5 removal fluxes, as compared to other cities around the world. Removal rates were higher in the austral summer, when high precipitation rates restricted the resuspension of deposited particles back to the atmosphere. When extrapolated to the whole metropolitan area, assuming homogeneous forestry conditions, the estimated PM2.5 removal rates were comparable to the magnitude of vehicular emissions, showing that air pollution removal by trees can be substantial in the MASP. The results demonstrate the contribution of urban trees to the improvement of air quality and can boost the development of public policies on urban afforestation in the MASP.A poluição do ar é um dos problemas ambientais mais proeminentes em megacidades como a área metropolitana de São Paulo (AMSP). Árvores podem contribuir para a mitigação da poluição do ar proporcionando superfície para a deposição de partículas e gases traço. Para melhor aproveitar esse serviço ambiental e planejar futuras infraestruturas verdes, é fundamental estimar as taxas de remoção de poluentes por árvores. Pela primeira vez em uma cidade brasileira, foi quantificada a taxa de remoção anual de material particulado fino (MP2,5) por árvores urbanas. Para isso, foi utilizado o modelo i-Tree Eco, do tipo “folha grande”. Como entrada, foram utilizados dados dendrométricos locais, de concentração de MP2,5 e de variáveis meteorológicas. As taxas de remoção de MP2,5 variaram entre 0,06 e 0,21 g/m2/ano em três áreas de estudo com condições de arborização contrastantes. A vizinhança com maior cobertura de dossel e diversidade de espécies arbóreas apresentou a maior taxa de remoção. O caráter perene da floresta urbana na AMSP pode ter contribuído para as taxas de remoção relativamente altas em comparação com outras cidades do mundo. A remoção foi maior no verão; a precipitação restringiu a ressuspensão de partículas para a atmosfera. Extrapolando-se os resultados para toda a área metropolitana, supondo condições de arborização homogêneas, verificou-se que a remoção de MP2,5 pela vegetação poderia compensar as emissões veiculares desse poluente, demonstrando o potencial de remoção de poluentes pela floresta urbana na AMSP. Os resultados ilustram a contribuição das árvores urbanas para a melhoria da qualidade do ar e podem impulsionar políticas públicas de arborização na AMSP
Funciones, geogebra y situaciones cotidianas
Es común escuchar a los alumnos preguntarnos a los docentes, ¿para qué me sirve este tema?, o en dónde lo puedo aplicar?, o ¿en qué se relaciona con la realidad cotidiana? Asimismo, entendemos el gran potencial de las nuevas tecnologías, a nivel general, pero también en el ámbito educativo. Por ello nos proponemos en este trabajo mostrar una experiencia realizada con estudiantes de 5° año de la educación media, en la que estudiamos algunas funciones a través de imágenes concretas de la vida cotidiana, utilizando el software libre geogebra
The incorporation of alpha-tocopherol and functional doses of phytosterol esters during cheesemaking does not affect DNA or mRNA dynamics of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactococcus lactis throughout and after the end of ripening
Tocopherols and phytosterols are lipid-soluble molecules which have been widely used in the food industry. Nevertheless, the influence of these compounds on the performance of starter lactic acid bacteria (SLAB) in fermented foods has received little attention. Here, we assessed the behavior of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactococcus lactis during the ripening of a functional Port Salut light cheese elaborated with these SLAB and with alpha-tocopherol and phytosterol esters as bioactive molecules. Functional and control cheeses were manufactured at an industrial plant and sampled at 7, 21, 40, 60 and 90 days after elaboration for real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) or reverse transcription-qPCR (RT-qPCR) experiments. Target DNA and mRNA from both SLAB were detected after 90 days of elaboration in both functional and control cheeses, supporting their potential role in generating flavor metabolites. Furthermore, here we showed for the first time that the addition of alpha-tocopherol and functional doses of phytosterols did not affect DNA or mRNA dynamics of these SLAB during cheesemaking, throughout and after the end of ripening. Therefore, our results support the use of cheese manufactured with both S. thermophilus and L. lactis as an optimal delivery system for these beneficial bioactive compounds.Fil: Pega, Juan Franco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Pérez, Carolina Daiana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Rizzo, Sergio Anibal. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Rossetti, Luciana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Diaz, G.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Ruzal, Sandra Mónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Nanni, M.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Descalzo, Adriana Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développerment; Francia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin
Poluentes atmosféricos associados a condições meteorológicas de superfície na região do ABC em São Paulo
Air pollution is one the main environmental problems in urban areas like the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP) in Brazil, where millions of inhabitants are exposed to pollution concentrations above the standards, with potential health impacts. Exposure is unequal throughout MASP, relying on the dynamics of local emission sources interplaying with weather and climate in a regional scale. The ABC region — ABC standing for Santo André, São Bernardo do Campo and São Caetano do Sul, the cities the area originally comprised of — is MASP’s largest industrial center, sitting in its southeast border, and encloses environmental protection areas. That leads to a unique emission profile that differ from the metropolis center. This study aims to characterize the variability of atmospheric pollutants in the ABC region in 2015, investigating possible sources and associations with surface meteorological conditions. Multivariate statistical analyses were applied to data from seven air quality monitoring stations and surface meteorological variables. Results show that São Bernardo do Campo stood out, with O3 concentrations 20% higher (43±19 μg.m-3) than the other sites, while São Caetano do Sul had the highest annual mean PM10 concentrations (39±19 μg.m-3), mostly related to vehicular emissions. Relative humidity was negatively correlated with primary pollutants, while temperature and radiation correlated with O3. Unusually high O3 concentrations were observed in January of 2015, concomitant with negative anomalies of precipitation and relative humidity, likely associated with the 2014/2015 summer drought event in Southeast Brazil. Overall, results show that local emission sources significantly impact air pollution loading and its diurnal variability, particularly in the case of primary pollutants. Climate modulates the seasonal concentration variability, and regional scale weather phenomena may impact air quality conditions. To reach concentration standards everywhere, policy makers must be aware of processes occurring in different spatial scales that determine air quality.A poluição atmosférica é um dos principais problemas ambientais em áreas urbanas como a Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP), no Brasil, onde milhões de habitantes estão expostos a concentrações acima dos padrões, com potenciais impactos à saúde. A exposição à poluição atmosférica é desigual na RMSP, dependendo da dinâmica de fontes emissoras locais e da influência do tempo e do clima em escala regional. A região do ABC — sigla originada a partir das iniciais de suas cidades originais: Santo André, São Bernardo do Campo e São Caetano do Sul — é o maior centro industrial da RMSP, localizada em sua fronteira sudeste, e inclui áreas de proteção ambiental. Essas características resultam em um perfil de emissões singular, que difere do centro da metrópole. Este estudo visa caracterizar a variabilidade na concentração de poluentes atmosféricos na região do ABC em 2015, investigando possíveis fontes e associações a condições meteorológicas de superfície. Análises estatísticas multivariadas foram aplicadas a dados de qualidade do ar de sete estações de monitoramento e variáveis meteorológicas de superfície. São Bernardo do Campo se destacou, com concentrações de O3 20% maiores (43±19 μg.m-3) do que as outras estações, enquanto São Caetano do Sul apresentou a maior média anual de PM10 (39±19 μg.m-3), relacionada principalmente a emissões veiculares. A umidade relativa apresentou correlação negativa com os poluentes primários, enquanto a temperatura e a radiação se correlacionaram ao O3. Elevadas concentrações de O3 foram atipicamente observadas em janeiro de 2015 (59±19 μg.m-3), simultaneamente a anomalias negativas de precipitação e umidade relativa, possivelmente associadas ao evento de seca no Sudeste do Brasil no verão de 2014/2015. Os resultados mostram que fontes emissoras locais podem impactar significativamente a carga de poluição e sua variabilidade diurna, especialmente no caso de poluentes primários. O clima modula a variabilidade sazonal das concentrações, e fenômenos meteorológicos de escala regional podem impactar a qualidade do ar. Para atingir os padrões de concentração em toda a parte, o poder público deve ficar atento aos processos que ocorrem em diferentes escalas espaciais e que determinam a qualidade do ar
Vitamin D Receptor Activators and Clinical Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease
Vitamin D deficiency appears to be an underestimated risk factor for cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease. Evidence from both basic science and clinical studies supports the possible protective role of vitamin D beyond its effect on mineral metabolism. Toxicity of pharmacologic doses of active vitamin D metabolites, in particular calcitriol, is mainly due to the possibility of positive calcium and phosphorus balance. Therefore, vitamin D analogs have been developed, which suppress PTH secretion and synthesis with reduced calcemic and phosphatemic effects. Observational studies suggest that in hemodialysis patients the use of a vitamin D receptor (VDR) activator, such as calcitriol, doxercalciferol, paricalcitol, or alfacalcidol, is associated with a reduced mortality when compared with nonusers of any VDR activator. In this article the existing literature on the topic is reviewed, although a more robust answer to the question of whether or not VDR activators have beneficial effects in hemodialysis patients will hopefully come from a randomized controlled trial
Administration of a peptide inhibitor of alpha4-integrin inhibits the development of experimental autoimmune uveitis
Recruitment of lymphocytes into the retina and to the vitreous during the development of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) is governed by factors such as the state of activation of inflammatory cells and the repertoire of adhesion molecules expressed by the local vascular endothelia. alpha4 Integrins and their receptors play an important role during homing of cells to the inflammatory site. In the present study, the effect of alpha4-integrin inhibitor on the development of EAU was investigated.Fil: Martín, Andrea P.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Vieira de Moraes, Luciana. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Tadokoro, Carlos E.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Commodaro, Alessandra G.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Urrets Zavalia, Enrique. Universidad Catolica de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Clinica Universitaria Reina Fabiola; ArgentinaFil: Rabinovich, Gabriel Adrián. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Urrets Zavalía, Julio Alberto. Universidad Catolica de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Clinica Universitaria Reina Fabiola; ArgentinaFil: Rizzo, Luiz V.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil. Fundação Zerbini; BrasilFil: Serra, Horacio Marcelo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Argentin
Taking advantage of the potential of mesenchymal stromal cells in liver regeneration: Cells and extracellular vesicles as therapeutic strategies
Cell-based therapies for acute and chronic liver diseases are under continuous progress. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells able to migrate selectively to damaged tissue and contribute to its healing and regeneration. The MSC pro-regenerative effect occurs due to their immunomodulatory capacity and their ability to produce factors that promote cell protection and survival. Likewise, it has been observed that part of their paracrine effect is mediated by MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs contain proteins, lipids and nucleic acids (DNA, mRNA, miRNA, lncRNA) from the cell of origin, allowing for intercellular communication. Recently, different studies have demonstrated that MSC-derived EVs could reproduce, at least in part, the biological effects obtained by MSC-based therapies. Moreover, due to EVs’ stability for long periods of time and easy isolation methods they have become a therapeutic option to MSCs treatments. This review summarizes the latest results achieved in clinical trials using MSCs as cell therapy for liver regeneration, the role of EVs in liver physiopathology and the potential of MSC-derived EVs as intercellular mediators and therapeutic tools in liver diseases.Fil: Fiore, Esteban Juan. Universidad Austral. Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional; ArgentinaFil: Domínguez, Luciana María. Universidad Austral. Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional; ArgentinaFil: Bayo Fina, Juan Miguel. Universidad Austral. Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional; ArgentinaFil: García, Mariana Gabriela. Universidad Austral. Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional; ArgentinaFil: Mazzolini Rizzo, Guillermo Daniel. Universidad Austral. Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional; Argentin
A correlation between clinical severity and functional state with nerve conduction studies findings in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome: a systematic review
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is the most common compressive neuropathy in the general population, and it may lead to disabling symptoms and significant functional limitation. This systematic review covered Pubmed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, LILACS, and SCIELO databases, with no time or language delimitations. The PICO strategy defined the search strategy with keywords extracted from the Medical Subjects Headings, and the quality of the studies was evaluated by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) scale. Overall, 857 studies were identified, of which only 10 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Despite the good results shown, a noticeable heterogeneity was observed among the studies included, associated with methodological discrepancy and to limited sample size in a few of them. Four studies showed no correlation between electrophysiological findings and clinical symptoms and signs, whereas three could demonstrate such association and other three studies had equivocal results. Other studies are necessary, with better methodological standards and more homogeneous and precise evaluations, so as to improve the level of scientific evidence.A síndrome do Túnel do Carpo é a neuropatia compressiva mais frequente na população geral que pode levar a sintomas incapacitantes e significativa limitação funcional. Uma revisão sistemática foi realizada nas bases de dados Pubmed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, LILACS e SCIELO, sem delimitação de tempo ou idioma. Utilizou-se da estratégia PICO para a pesquisa, palavras-chave extraídas dos Descritores de Ciências da Saúde (Decs) e a qualidade dos estudos foi avaliada através da escala Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Identificaram-se 857 estudos dos quais, somente 10 obedeceram aos critérios de inclusão. Apesar dos bons resultados apresentados, verificou-se uma expressiva heterogeneidade existente entre os estudos incluídos, associado à discrepância metodológica, e um limitado tamanho amostral em alguns deles. São necessários estudos com melhor padrão metodológico, bem como avaliações mais homogêneas e precisas, a fim de melhorar o nível de evidência científica
The incorporation of alpha-tocopherol and functional doses of phytosterol esters during cheesemaking does not affect DNA or mRNA dynamics of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactococcus lactis throughout and after the end of ripening
Tocopherols and phytosterols are lipid-soluble molecules which have been widely used in the food industry. Nevertheless, the influence of these compounds on the performance of starter lactic acid bacteria (SLAB) in fermented foods has received little attention. Here, we assessed the behavior of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactococcus lactis during the ripening of a functional Port Salut light cheese elaborated with these SLAB and with alpha-tocopherol and phytosterol esters as bioactive molecules. Functional and control cheeses were manufactured at an industrial plant and sampled at 7, 21, 40, 60 and 90 days after elaboration for real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) or reverse transcription-qPCR (RT-qPCR) experiments. Target DNA and mRNA from both SLAB were detected after 90 days of elaboration in both functional and control cheeses, supporting their potential role in generating flavor metabolites. Furthermore, here we showed for the first time that the addition of alpha-tocopherol and functional doses of phytosterols did not affect DNA or mRNA dynamics of these SLAB during cheesemaking, throughout and after the end of ripening. Therefore, our results support the use of cheese manufactured with both S. thermophilus and L. lactis as an optimal delivery system for these beneficial bioactive compounds.Inst. de Tecnol. de los Alimentos- ITAFil: Pega, Juan Franco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Descalzo, Adriana Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA).LABINTEX. Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Déeveloppement. Déepartement PERSYST, UMR Qualisud; FranciaFil: Nanni, Mariana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Diaz, Gabriela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Ruzal, Sandra Monica Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Téecnica; ArgentinaFil: Perez, Carolina Daiana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rossetti, Luciana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Rizzo, Sergio Anibal. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentin
Performance, egg quality and nitrogen balance of commercial laying hens fed diets with different levels of crude protein and lysine
O experimento foi conduzido para avaliar os efeitos de rações com diferentes níveis de proteína bruta (PB) e lisina sobre as características de desempenho, a qualidade interna dos ovos e o balanço/retenção do nitrogênio. Foram utilizadas 160 poedeiras Hisex White com 48 semanas de idade, alojadas individualmente em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 4 × 2, com quatro níveis de PB (12, 14, 16 e 18%) e dois de lisina (0,85 e 1,00%), totalizando oito rações com cinco repetições de quatro aves. O consumo de proteína bruta, o peso dos ovos, a massa de ovos e a porcentagem de albúmen apresentam resposta linear crescente aos níveis de PB na dieta. O balanço de nitrogênio não é alterado pelos níveis de proteína das rações.The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of diets with different levels of crude protein (CP) and lysine (LYS) on characteristics of performance, egg internal quality, and nitrogen balance/retention. It was used 160 Hisex White laying hens at 48 weeks of age, individually accomodated in a complete random design in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme with four levels of crude protein (12, 14, 16 and 18%) and two levels of lysine (0.85 and 1.00%), totalizing eight treatments with five replicates of four birds each. Crude protein intake, egg weight, egg mass and percentage of the albumen show increasing linear response to the levels of crude protein in the diet. Nitrogen balance is not altered by the levels of proteins in the diets.Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES
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