On the risk of the nearest neighbor rules

The main contents of this thesis are summarized as follows: Based on an exact integral expression for the risk, we find an asymptotic evaluation of the conditional risk for unbounded support. Then the problems and the applicability of integrating these asymptotic expansions are discussed. This if followed by an alternative asymptotic approach using Laplace's method. Finally nearest neighbor distances are treated again for unbounded support

Enhancement of circular RC columns using steel mesh as internal or external confinement under the influence of axial compression loading

Reinforced concrete (RC) columns cannot get supreme confinement by using the customary steel stirrups reinforcement because of the requirements for the spacing distances between the stirrups in addition to concrete continuance trouble. For this, Steel Mesh (SM) externally wrapped around the outer perimeter of the column as contributory confinement are being widely used due to its features. Limited tests focused on using SM for the internal confinement around the reinforcing cage of RC columns. Moreover, no experimental comparison was presented between RC columns internally and externally confined using SM. This paper investigates experimentally the behavior of circular RC columns confined internally or externally by SM. Six short RC columns have been subjected to axial loading until failure. The main studied parameters were SM schemes, number of SM wraps, SM position (internally or externally), and the steel stirrups existence. Results demonstrated that SM could decrease the crack opening, diminish the concrete spalling, increase the maximum failure load, and enhance the ductility, energy absorption, and column stiffness. Furthermore, the partially internal confinement using two wraps of SM around the steel ties presented the maximum capacity with reasonable ductility. In general, internally confined columns showed better behavior than the externally confined one

Molecular study of Helicobacter pylori virulence genes CagA, Hpa and BabA2 in Egyptian patients

Objective: The objective of this study was to detect virulence genes of Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) cagA, babA2 and hpa in gastric biopsies from patients with different stages of gastritis by polymerase chain reaction to correlate the presence of genes with the severity of the diseases.Method: A total of 80 non repetitive gastric biopsies from antrum of the stomach were obtained from the patients and subjected to study for histological examination, unease activity, culture for H.pylori, and polymerase chain reaction studies of virulence genes cagA, babA2 and hpa.Results: The most frequent detected gene by PCR was hpa (66.7%) and followed by cagA and babA2 (61.6%) for each. There was significant association between the three genes (P=0.0001). The study of the association between the virulence gene of H.pylori and different clinical symptoms revealed significant association of dyspepsia with cagA(P=0.001) babA2 and hpa (P=0.0001), regurgitation with cagA and babA2( P=0.002),vomiting with cagA and babA2 (P=0.01, P=0.002, respectively) and nausea with cagA and babA2 (P=0.0001, P=0.03, respectively). The virulence genes were detected in gastric ulcer. The degree of inflammation in histopathological examination was also statistically significant associated with the presence of virulences genes cagA (P=0.01), babA2 (p=0.0001) and hpa (P=0.0001)The present study highlights the presence of virulence genes in H.pylori associated with gastric ulcer. The genes cagA, babA2 and hpa are prevalent among the strains affecting the patients. Moreover, these genes are associated with marked clinical and pathological severity. The genes are significantly associated with each other. Further studies are recommended to validate these findings.Keywords: Gastritis, Genotypes, H.pylori, cagA, babA2, hpa, PC

Comparative Morphological Studies on Lyssa in Carnivores and Camels with Special Reference to Its Surgical Resection

The lyssa is a morphologically supporting structure situated along the median plan on the ventral surface of the apex of the tongue in some animals. The present study aimed to describe the morphological differences of the lyssa in carnivores (dog and cat) and camel using conformist macroscopic and microscopic methods as well as evaluation of its surgical resection in the dog and cat. The lyssa is a rod-shaped in dog, strip like structure in cat and ridge-like structure in camel. It showed straight course in dog and helical appearance in cat. In the studied species, the lyssa was formed from adipose tissue intermingled with irregular connective tissue. However, dense striated muscles fibers were seen in the caudal half of the lyssa in dog. Besides, few bundles of longitudinally running muscle fibers were observed in cat and camel. In dog, the lyssa was defined by a coarse sheath of connective tissue, this capsule was ill-defined in cat and absent in camel. In cat, a pyramidal extension of the adipose tissue of the lyssa was attached to intrinsic striated muscle of the tongue. Full function of the tongue could be achieved after surgical resection of lyssa in dogs and cats

Synthesis, spectroscopic and thermal characterization of Fe(III)-mixed ligand complexes and spectrophotometric determination of Fe(III) in various samples

The aim of the present study is to find a non time consuming, economical and reliable spectrophotometric procedures using commercially available spectrophotometric reagents for the determination of Fe(III) ions. The methods are based on the formation of colored ternary complexes using, 1,10-phenanthroline and eriochrome black T or tartrazine mixed reagents and improved using a cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide. This surfactant interacts with the complex to build up true ternary complex. The most suitable conditions for determination of Fe(III) ions and the parameters affecting the reactions including pH, time, temperature, stoichiometric ratios and reagents concentrations are optimized. The effect of different interfering ions is studied together with the suitable masking agents. The developed methods are used for the determination of Fe(III) ions in the presence of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide in different types of water (polluted industrial waste, ground, river Nile and drinking water). The synthesis and spectroscopy studies of two Fe complexes were reported. Thermal analysis was carried out in order to give an idea about the thermal stability of the complexes

Micellar high performance liquid chromatographic determination of tinidazole in combination with ciprofloxacin or norfloxacin in bulk, pharmaceutical dosage forms and in spiked human plasma

A micellar liquid chromatographic method was developed for determination of tinidazole in bulk, dosage forms and human plasma using intersil cyano column and a mobile phase of 0.1 M sodium dodecyl sulphate, 20% 1-propanol, 0.3% triethylamine in 0.02 M orthophosphoric acid:water (60:40, v:v) (pH = 4). The U.V. detection was achieved at 311 nm. Various chromatographic parameters were investigated to select the optimum conditions for the separation, e.g. types of columns, pH of mobile phase, concentration of sodium dodecyl sulphate, 1-propanol, triethylamine, etc. The method was linear over the concentration range 40-200 µg/mL with regression coefficient 0.999. The result obtained by the proposed method was compared with that obtained by the reference HPLC technique. Furthermore, the proposed method was successfully applied as stability-indicating method for determination of tinidazole under different stressed conditions. The method showed good selectivity, repeatability, linearity and sensitivity according to the evaluation of the validation parameters

Development of two reference materials for all trans-retinol, retinyl palmitate, α- and γ-tocopherol in milk powder and infant formula

AbstractVitamins are important food constituents that can be present in almost every foodstuff. Food quality and safety depends on food surveillance by reliable quantitative analysis enabled by appropriate quality control. Certified matrix reference materials are versatile tools to support quality assurance and control. However, in the case of vitamins, which are important in various foods, there is a lack of matrix reference materials. Two certified reference materials for the determination of all–trans-retinol, retinyl palmitate, and α- and γ-tocopherol in milk powder and infant formula have been developed by the National Institute of Standards, Egypt. This article presents the preparation, characterization, homogeneity, and stability testing as well as statistical treatment of data and certified value assignment. The assignment of the certified values and associated uncertainties in the prepared natural-matrix reference materials were based on the widely used approach of combining data from independent and reliable analytical methods

Chordae Tendineae Sparing during Mitral Valve Replacement: A Comparative Study

Background: Mitral valve replacement (MVR) with chordal sparing could improve ventricular function in patients with mitral regurgitation. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of prosthetic MVR with and without chordae tendineae sparing. Methods: This prospective, single-blinded, randomized study was executed on 60 patients undergoing prosthetic MVR with or without chordae tendineae sparing. Patients were divided into two equal groups: Group A (n= 30) included patients who underwent MVR with complete chordae tendineae sparing, and Group B (n= 30) included patients who underwent mitral valve replacement without chordae tendineae sparing. Results: Patients who underwent chordae tendineae sparing demonstrated significantly lower total bypass time (median = 67 vs. 110 min, P < 0.001), total cross-clamp time (median = 40 vs. 80 min, P < 0.001), inotropic support (30% vs. 96.7%, P < 0.001), and arrhythmia (6.7% vs. 86.7%, P < 0.001) than those who did not undergo chordal sparing. Additionally, patients who underwent sparing demonstrated a significantly lower 6-month left ventricle end-systolic diameter (3 ±0.8 vs. 3.9 ±0.5 cm, P < 0.001), 6-month left ventricle end-diastolic diameter (4.4 ±0.7 vs. 5.3 ±0.5 cm, P < 0.001), 3-month left atrium diameter (4.5 ±0.8 vs. 5.1 ±0.6 cm, P < 0.001), and 6-month left atrium diameter (4.3 ±0.8 vs. 5.4 ±0.6 cm, P < 0.001). Conclusion: This technique of MVR might enhance cardiac function and structural parameters and lower the end-diastolic and systolic diameters and the end-systolic and diastolic volumes up to the sixth month of follow-up

Integrated datasets of proteomic and metabolomic biomarkers to predict its impacts on comorbidities of type 2 diabetes mellitus

© 2020 Cheema et al. Objective: The objective of the current study is to accomplish a relative exploration of the biological roles of differentially dysregulated genes (DRGs) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The study aimed to determine the impact of these DRGs on the biological pathways and networks that are related to the associated disorders and complications in T2DM and to predict its role as prospective biomarkers. Methods: Datasets obtained from metabolomic and proteomic profiling were used for investigation of the differential expression of the genes. A subset of DRGs was integrated into IPA software to explore its biological pathways, related diseases, and their regulation in T2DM. Upon entry into the IPA, only 94 of the DRGs were recognizable, mapped, and matched within the database. Results: The study identified networks that explore the dysregulation of several functions; cell components such as degranulation of cells; molecular transport process and metabolism of cellular proteins; and inflammatory responses. Top disorders associated with DRGs in T2DM are related to organ injuries such as renal damage, connective tissue disorders, and acute inflammatory disorders. Upstream regulator analysis predicted the role of several transcription factors of interest, such as STAT3 and HIF alpha, as well as many kinases such as JAK kinases, which affects the gene expression of the dataset in T2DM. Interleukin 6 (IL6) is the top regulator of the DRGs, followed by leptin (LEP). Monitoring the dysregulation of the coupled expression of the following biomarkers (TNF, IL6, LEP, AGT, APOE, F2, SPP1, and INS) highlights that they could be used as potential prognostic biomarkers. Conclusion: The integration of data obtained by advanced metabolomic and proteomic technologies has made it probable to advantage in understanding the role of these biomarkers in the identification of significant biological processes, pathways, and regulators that are associated with T2DM and its comorbidities