Production Response and Digestive Enzymatic Activity of the Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) Intensively Pregrown in Microbial Heterotrophic and Autotrophic-Based Systems

Shrimp postlarvae were reared into different microcosm systems without water exchange; a traditional system based on simple fertilization to improve microalgae concentration (control), an autotrophic system (AS) based on the promotion of biofloc and biofilm by the addition of fertilizer and artificial substrates and a heterotrophic system (HS) based on the promotion of heterotrophic bacteria by the addition of nitrogenous and carbonaceous sources and artificial substrates. Better growth performance and survival were registered in shrimp from the AS and HS compared to the control. Feed conversion ratios were below 0.7 for all treatments, but AS and HS were significantly lower than the control. Regarding digestive performance, no significant differences were observed for trypsin, amylase and lipase activities among AS and control shrimp; however, shrimp from HS showed a higher trypsin and amylase activities, suggesting a higher digestive activity caused by the presence of microbial bioflocs. The presence of biofilm and bioflocs composed by either autotrophic or heterotrophic organisms in combination with formulated feed improved the growth performance and survival of shrimp. Apparently, such combination fits the nutritional requirements of shrimp

Evaluation of Adipose Tissue Zinc-Alpha 2-Glycoprotein Gene Expression and Its Relationship with Metabolic Status and Bariatric Surgery Outcomes in Patients with Class III Obesity

Zinc-α2 glycoprotein (ZAG) is an adipokine involved in adipocyte metabolism with potential implications in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) ZAG expression and metabolic parameters in patients with class III obesity, along with the impact of basal ZAG expression on short- and medium-term outcomes related to bariatric surgery. 41 patients with class III obesity who underwent bariatric surgery were included in this study. ZAG gene expression was quantified in SAT and VAT. Patients were classified into two groups according to SAT and VAT ZAG percentile. Anthropometric and biochemical variables were obtained before and 15 days, 45 days, and 1 year after surgery. The lower basal SAT ZAG expression percentile was associated with higher weight and waist circumference, while the lower basal VAT ZAG expression percentile was associated with higher weight, waist circumference, insulin, insulin resistance, and the presence of metabolic syndrome. Basal SAT ZAG expression was inversely related to weight loss at 45 days after surgery, whereas no associations were found between basal VAT ZAG expression and weight loss after surgery. Additionally, a negative association was observed between basal SAT and VAT ZAG expression and the decrease of gamma-glutamyl transferase after bariatric surgery. Therefore, lower SAT and VAT ZAG expression levels were associated with an adverse metabolic profile. However, this fact did not seem to confer worse bariatric surgery-related outcomes. Further research is needed to assess the clinical significance of the role of ZAG expression levels in the dynamics of hepatic enzymes after bariatric surgeryThis study has been co-funded by FEDER funds (“A way to make Europe”). M.M. and L.G.S. are also supported by UMA18-FEDERJA-285 and UMA20-FEDERJA-144, co-funded by Malaga University, Junta de Andalucía and FEDER funds, CB06/03/0018, PI-0297-2018 and PI-0194-2017, co-funded by FEDER funds and Consejería de Salud y Familias, Junta de Andalucía, and CP17/00133, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, Spain Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

Reflexión Política. Volumen 7 No. 14 de 2005

En el debate electoral venidero se va a practicar en Colombia la reforma política que en parte fue expedida por el Congreso tres años atrás (acto legislativo No. 1 de 2003), y la que zanjó la Corte Constitucional recientemente echando la base de un cambio indudablemente importante, al aprobar la reelección inmediata del Presidente de la República. Así se practica en no pocos Estados que ponen de presente su madurez democrática. Cabe esperar, a juzgar por las tentativas conocidas, que en lo futuro tengamos también reelección de alcaldes municipales y de gobernadores seccionales, proyecto que aún carece de suficiente opinión favorable.In the upcoming electoral debate, the political reform that was partially issued by Congress three years ago (legislative act No. 1 of 2003) and which was recently settled by the Constitutional Court will be practiced in Colombia, laying the foundation for an undoubtedly change. important, by approving the immediate re-election of the President of the Republic. This is how it is practiced in not a few States that show their democratic maturity. It is to be expected, judging by the known attempts, that in the future we will also have re-election of municipal mayors and sectional governors, a project that still lacks sufficient favorable opinion

Caminando en la ruta sentipensante: configuración de experiencias pedagógicas nivel inicial

494 páginasEste texto es realizado en el contexto del Plan de Desarrollo 2016 – 2020, “Bogotá mejor para todos”, en el que se señala: Bogotá es entendida como una ciudad educadora, en la que todos los ciudadanos son agentes educadores y todos los espacios pueden ser escenarios pedagógicos para el aprendizaje. Una ciudad educadora tiene como centro el conocimiento e inspira aprendizaje, formas y lenguajes para reconocernos, para reencontrarnos; los espacios para el aprendizaje son entendidos como espacios para la vida, en los que se posibilita la investigación y la innovación para vivir mejor, para reinventarnos como ciudad, una ciudad mejor para todos. Los dieciocho textos aquí presentados, fruto del acompañamiento pedagógico realizado por el IDEP en 2019, son base y referente para seguir aportando en la configuración y consolidación de comunidades de saber y práctica pedagógica de la ciudad, así como en la conformación de colectivos y redes de maestros. Son la evidencia de un potente trabajo de acompañamiento a experiencias de nivel inicial, caracterizadas por contar con ideas o avances para problematizar, estructurar, fundamentar, elaborar estrategias y un plan de acción

The social effects of the industrialization of Japan

Until today a utilitarian approach subsists to analyze the human effects of the process of economic-technological change called industrialization. In this essay we review the extraeconomic costs that this process has meant in the case of Japan, the second economic power of the global world, from a multidisciplinary perspective. We focus in the observable most recent phenomena in the social sphere that resulted from the reindustrialization of Japan under the regime of the Occupation led by the United States. In this paper we indicate if the USA’s hegemony in Japan caused a development of most egalitarian and sustainable society in ecological terms, or, on the contrary a market society serving the best interest of USA dependent and incapable to contribute to the formation of a market society centered on world-wide scale in Eastern Asia and based on a greater equality between the civilizations of the world

Nanoparticles of 4,7-dichloro-2-quinolinemethylacrylate-based copolymers and their cytotoxic effect on Human breast carcinoma cells

In this article, an improved synthesis strategy of the potent anticancer compound 4,7-dichloro-2-quinolinemethanol(QM) and its acrylate ester 4,7-dichloro-2-quinolinemethylacrylate (AQM) are described. AQM is copolymerized using free-radicalpolymerization with N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (VP) and the copolymers obtained from different molar ratios of monomers are subjected tonanoprecipitation to produce suspensions of nanoparticles (NPs) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The smallest and stable NPs areprepared with the AQM-VP copolymers 45:55 and 40:60 (118.9 and 128.7 nm in diameter, respectively) at 1 mg mL¿1, and along withAQM and QM, are evaluated for their cytotoxic activity on MDA-MB-453 breast carcinoma cells using MTT bioassay. AQM and QMare highly cytotoxic (IC50: 19 and 41 ¿ M, respectively); however, the NPs are not cytotoxic in the range of the assayed concentrations.These results contribute to the search for new polymeric NPs with potential application as QM delivery systems for the treatment ofcancer or other diseases treatable with QM.H. Valle and R.V. Mangalaraja acknowledge funding support from the Comisión Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONICYT), Chile, through the projects CONICYT/FONDECYT postdoctoral N3160296 and CONICYT PIA/APOYO CCTE AFB170007, respectively. R. Palao-Suay, M.R. Aguilar and J.S. Román acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, through the project MAT2017-84277-R. Authors also thank Dr. Mar Fernández and Rosa Ana Ramírez for their help in cell culture

Perfiles metabólicos en preparto, parto y postparto en vacas de raza rubia gallega: estudio preliminar

Con el objetivo de establecer, en un futuro, unos valores de referencia de diferentes parámetros bioquímicos en vacas de raza Rubia Gallega, se extrajeron muestras de sangre mensuales (desde 30 días antes del parto hasta 90 días después) a 49 hembras de esta raza. En el suero se determinaron las concentraciones de colesterol total, triglicéridos, ácidos grasos no esterificados, glucosa, aspartato aminotransferasa, alanina aminotransferasa, proteínas totales, albúmina, urea, calcio, fósforo, magnesio. Así mismo, se avaluó la influencia de la estación y el número de partos sobre los niveles medios de los diferentes parámetros analizados. Todos los metabolitos se encontraron dentro de los rangos referidos en la bibliografía para el ganado vacuno. Además, pudimos comprobar que, el momento en que se obtenía la muestra respecto al parto mostraba un efecto significativo en todos los parámetros excepto en el calcio. Los niveles séricos de ácidos grasos no esterificados, la glucosa, la aspartato aminotransferasa, la alanina aminotransferasa y la urea no se vieron afectados ni por la estación ni por el número de parto. Por su parte, la estación afectó de forma significativa a los valores de colesterol total, triglicéridos, albúmina y fósforo, siendo inferiores las concentraciones en primavera-verano que en otoño-invierno, salvo en el caso del fósforo que era al contrario. Por último, el número de parto influyó significativamente en los valores séricos de proteínas totales, albúmina, calcio, fósforo y magnesio, siendo en todos los casos, excepto en las proteínas totales, más elevados en novillas que en multíparas

Whole-exome sequencing in three children with sporadic Blau syndrome, one of them co-presenting with recurrent polyserositis

Blau syndrome (BS) is a rare, chronic autoinflammatory disease with onset before age 4 and mainly characterised by granulomatous arthritis, recurrent uveitis, and skin rash. Sporadic (also known as early-onset sarcoidosis) or familial BS is caused by gain-of-function mutations in the NOD2 gene, which encodes for a multi-task protein that plays a crucial role in the innate immune defense. We report on three Mexican patients clinically diagnosed with BS who exhibited a likely pathogenic variant in NOD2 as revealed by whole-exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing: two variants (c.1000 C > T/p.Arg334Trp and c.1538 T > C/p.Met513Thr) lie in the ATP/Mg2+ binding site, whereas the other (c.3019dupC/p.Leu1007ProfsTer2) introduces a premature stop codon disrupting the last LRR domain (LRR9) formation; all three variants are consistent with gain-of-function changes. Interestingly, all these patients presented concomitant likely pathogenic variants in other inflammatory disease-related genes, i.e. TLR10, PRR12, MEFV and/or SLC22A5. Although the clinical presentation in these patients included the BS diagnostic triad, overall it was rather heterogeneous. It is plausible that this clinical variability depends partly on the patients’ genetic background as suggested by our WES results. After this molecular diagnosis and given the absence of NOD2 mutations (demonstrated in two trios) and related symptoms in the respective parents (confirmed in all trios), patients 1 and 2 were considered to have sporadic BS, while patient 3, a sporadic BS-recurrent polyserositis compound phenotype. Altogether, our observations and findings underscore the overlapping among inflammatory diseases and the importance of determining the underlying genetic cause by high-throughput methods. Likewise, this study further reinforces a pathogenic link between the here found NOD2 variants and BS and envisages potential additive effects from other loci in these, and probably other patients