Trends in distributional characteristics: existence of global warming

What type of global warming exists? This study introduces a novel methodology to answer this question, which is the starting point for all issues related to climate change analyses. Global warming is defined as an increasing trend in certain distributional characteristics (moments, quantiles, etc.) of global temperatures, in addition to simply examining the average values. Temperatures are viewed as a functional stochastic process from which we obtain distributional characteristics as time series objects. Here, we present a simple robust trend test and prove that it is able to detect the existence of an unknown trend component (deterministic or stochastic) in these characteristics. Applying this trend test to daily temperatures in Central England (for the period 1772-2017) and to global cross-sectional temperatures (1880-2015), we obtain the same strong conclusions: (i) there is an increasing trend in all distributional characteristics (time series and cross-sectional), and this trend is larger in the lower quantiles than it is in the mean, median, and upper quantiles; (ii) there is a negative trend in the characteristics that measure dispersion (i.e., lower temperatures approach the median faster than higher temperatures do). This type of global warming has more serious consequences than those found by analyzing only the average

The effect of ability-grouping techniques on students' perceptions of speaking tasks

Tesis (Profesor de Inglés para la Enseñanza Básica y Media, Licenciado en Educación)Un problema crítico en la enseñanza del Inglés como Lengua Extranjera en Chile es que la mayoría de los profesores no pueden interactuar con sus alumnos del colegio usando el lengua meta. Lo anterior corresponde a una falta de oportunidades de los estudiantes para practicar la habilidad de hablar a través de conversaciones y trabajo colaborativo. De acuerdo a esto, agrupar a los alumnos precisamente en clases ha demostrado incentivar dichas oportunidades. Por lo tanto, ya que el consenso en técnicas de agrupación es controversial, el presente estudio apunta a contrastar las percepciones de los alumnos de acuerdo a agrupaciones de habilidades homogéneas y heterogéneas comparando dos segundos medios en un colegio chileno subvencionado. Por una parte el Grupo A fue organizado homogéneamente de acuerdo a sus competencias en el idioma mediante una prueba de diagnóstico para que los estudiantes con nivel similar estuvieran juntos. Por otra parte, el Grupo B fue organizado heterogéneamente para que los estudiantes con diferentes niveles estuvieran juntos. Este experimento siguió un diseño de comparación y fue utilizado un instrumento correspondiente a un cuestionario con una escala Likert para medir las percepciones de los estudiantes de acuerdo a las técnicas de agrupación. La aplicación consistió en seis clases para ambos grupos en tratamiento, las cuales incluyeron los seis tipos de actividades colaborativas de tres tipos diferentes de tarea. Las actividades y sus respectivos tipo de actividades son, de la primera a la última: “Juego de Roles” y “Entrevista” (Tarea Interpersonal), “Quién soy yo” y “Debate” (Tarea Transaccional), “Contar una Historia” y “Presentación de Afiche” (Tarea Extensiva). Consecuentemente, el principal hallazgo del estudio muestra que todos los estudiantes (ambos grupos, A y B) percibieron las técnicas de agrupación positivamente. Finalmente, contrastando ambas técnicas de agrupación, los estudiantes del Grupo B (heterogéneo) percibieron la mayor parte de las actividades más positivamente que el Grupo A (homogéneo)One critical problem in Chilean EFL teaching is that most teachers cannot interact with school learners using the target language. The latter corresponds to a shortage of opportunities for learners to practice the speaking skill through conversation and collaboration. Accordingly, grouping learners accurately in classes have proved to encourage the referred opportunities. Therefore, since consensus on grouping techniques is controversial, the current study aimed to contrast learners‟ perceptions on Homogeneous and Heterogeneous ability-grouping by comparing two tenth grade courses in a Chilean subsidized school. On the one hand, Group A was arranged homogeneously in compliance with learners‟ low, middle, or high ability level diagnosed in an oral pretest, so learners with similar level were together. On the other hand, Group B was arranged heterogeneously so learners with different levels were gathered. This experiment followed a comparison-group design and used as an instrument a questionnaire with a Likert scale to measure learners‟ perceptions on grouping techniques. The application consisted on six lessons for both treatment groups, which featured six different collaborative activities taken from three different types of tasks. The activities and their respective type of task are, from first to last: Role Play and Interview (Interpersonal tasks), Who am I and Debate (Transactional tasks), Story Telling and Poster Presentation (Extensive tasks). Consequently, the main finding of the study shows that all learners (from both, Groups A and B) perceived grouping techniques positively. Finally, when contrasting both grouping techniques, learners from Group B (Heterogeneous) perceived most of the activities more positively than Group A (Homogeneous)

Multivariate analysis of sensory data of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Graciano during ripening. Correlation with the phenolic composition of the grape skins

The aim of this work was to evaluate sensory changes in grape skins during ripening and to obtain a correlation with their phenolic composition. Flavan-3-ols (monomers and dimers), prodelphinidins, hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, anthocyanins and flavonols were determined by HPLC-DAD-MS. In addition, skin dilaceration, tannic intensity, astringency, acidity, aroma intensity (AI) and type of aroma were evaluated. Multivariate analysis showed the evolution of these samples during ripening and the relationship among sensory scores and phenolic composition of grapes skins. Skin dilaceration, type of aroma and to a lesser extent AI tend to increase during ripening. The contents in the phenolic compounds in grape skins present a similar pattern to the aforementioned sensory parameters. Nevertheless, tannic intensity, astringency, dryness and acidity present an opposite pattern which indicates a decrease of these sensory scores during ripening.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación AGL2008-05569-C02-01Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Programme CSD2007-0006

Prepulse inhibition modulation by contextual conditioning of dopaminergic activity

When a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with a drug, an association is established between them that can induce two different responses: either an opponent response that counteracts the effect of the drug, or a response thatis similar to thatinduced by the drug. In this paper, we focus on the analysis ofthe associations that can be established between the contextual cues and the administration of dopamine agonists or antagonists. Our hypothesis suggests that repeated administration of drugs that modulate dopaminergic activity in the presence of a specific context leads to the establishment of an association that subsequently results in a conditioned response to the context that is similar to that induced by the drug. To test this hypothesis, we conducted two experiments that revealed that contextual cues acquired the property to modulate pre-pulse inhibition by prior pairings of such context with the dopamine antagonist haloperidol (Experiment 1), and with the dopamine agonist d-amphetamine (Experiment 2). The implications of these results are discussed both at a theoretical level, and attending to the possibilities that could involve the use of context cues for the therapeutic administration of dopaminergic drugs.Junta de Andalucía SEJ-02618Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España PSI2012-3207

Architecture of lies

[EN] This presentation has the intention of exploring the connection that exists between architecture, both permanent and ephemeral, and lies through an analysis of its presence in precise works in Mexico and other countries from the seventeenth century onwards. Regarding the link between permanent architecture and lies, we have considered first the five forms of truth in architecture proposed by the Mexican architect José Villagrán, to approach later to populism supported by figures like Robert Venturi; cities of spectacle and amusement parks analyzed by García Vázquez; and the idea of theming admitted by John Hench. In what concerns to the bond between ephemeral architecture and the false, we reviewed certain Mexican triumphal arcs like the one designed by Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz; some fictional facades built in Spain and Guatemala during the eighteenth century; the Potemkin towns that were originated in Russia and built later in other countries. Finally, we examine the relationship between scenography and the fake from the view of the Mexican scenographers Alejandro Luna and Jorge Ballina Graf.[ES] Esta comunicación tiene la intención de explorar la relación que existe entre la arquitectura, tanto permanente como efímera, con las mentiras a través de un análisis de su presencia en determinadas obras tanto en México como en otras latitudes desde el siglo XVII hasta el presente. Con respecto al vínculo entre la arquitectura permanente y lo simulado, se han considerado primero las cinco formas de verdad en arquitectura propuestas por el arquitecto mexicano José Villagrán García para después abordar el populismo apoyado por figuras como Robert Venturi; las ciudades del espectáculo y los parques de diversiones analizados por García Vázquez; y la idea de la tematización admitida por John Hench. Referente al lazo entre arquitectura efímera y lo falso, hemos revisado ciertos arcos del triunfo mexicanos como el diseñado por Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz; algunas fachadas ficticias edificadas en España y Guatemala durante el siglo XVIII; los pueblos Potemkin originados en Crimea y construidos después en otros países. Finalmente, examinamos la relación entre la escenografía y lo falso desde la óptica de los escenógrafos mexicanos Alejandro Luna y Jorge Ballina Graf.Bernal Rivas, G. (2022). Arquitectura de las mentiras. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 50-58. https://doi.org/10.4995/ANIAV2022.2022.15456OCS505

Single licence: an artistic project made in Guanajuato with a global background

[EN] Carnet de soltero/ais a piece of art of the human space experience that consists in issuing endorse their owners as disabled, a virtual result Bodkins article published in Thetelegraphon October 20th, 2016, according to which the WHO would define single people as therefore, in agreement to that same organization, as “handicapped”. The above to stimulate a reflection among the participants about the experiences of spatial injustice related to the marital status that a fact as the one described would generate. In this dont pretend to demonstrate that many of the activities that we do in our local environments are at each time more frequently under the influence of the global evets or viceversa, but we wish to share the creative process of Carnetdesoltero/a, which began at a supposed local could have global effects: the decision made by a small group of people gathered in Geneva over the whole world. Beyond this departing point the consulted background also have different origins to the context of Guanajuato, Mexico, the United States and Spain. The first precedent is Minerva Cuevas (1998) with her piece Alix Lambert (1993) which it was possible to change ones marital status during the 90s Finally, we refer to David Trullo (2010) with his piece[ES] Carnet de soltero/a es una obra de arte de la experiencia del espacio humano que consiste en la emisión de carnets que avalan a sus poseedores/as como discapacitados/as, un resultado virtual del artículo de Henry Bodkin publicado en The telegraph el 20 de octubre de 2016, según el cual la OMS definiría como ?infértiles? a las personas solteras, y por lo tanto, de acuerdo al glosario de la misma organización, como ?discapacitadas?. Lo anterior para favorecer una reflexión entre los participantes sobre las vivencias de injusticia espacial vinculadas con el estado civil que un hecho como el descrito generaría. En esta comunicación no pretendemos demostrar que muchas de las actividades que realizamos en nuestros entornos locales se encuentran cada vez con mayor frecuencia bajo la influencia de los sucesos globales o viceversa, pero sí deseamos compartir el proceso creativo de Carnet de soltero/a, el cual partió de un supuesto acontecimiento local que podría tener efectos globales: la decisión tomada por un grupo reducido de personas reunidas en Ginebra sobre todo el mundo. Más allá de ese punto de partida, los referentes empleados también tienen orígenes diferentes al contexto guanajuatense, México, Estados Unidos y España. El primer referente es Minerva Cuevas (1998) con su pieza Mejor Vida Corp. en la cual se ofrecieron ayudas a los ciudadanos, como carnets de estudiante o cartas de recomendación, y que tenía como objetivo mostrar al gobierno los apoyos que los ciudadanos requerían prioritariamente. Por otra parte revisamos Wedding Project de Alix Lambert (1993) en la que se abordó la fugacidad con la que era posible de los años 90 cambiar de estado civil. Finalmente nos referimos a David Trullo (2010) con su obra Una historia verdadera en la que muestra las relaciones entre personas del mismo género que nunca fueron representadas.Bernal Rivas, G. (2017). Carnet de soltero/a: un proyecto artístico guanajuatense con referentes globales. En Glocal [codificar, mediar, transformar, vivir] III Congreso Internacional de Investigación en Artes Visuales. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 160-167. https://doi.org/10.4995/ANIAV.2017.4821OCS16016

Conviviendo en el trabajo

págs.: 139-141Capítulo incluido en el libro: 1ª Jornada sobre Maltrato a las Personas con Discapacidad: Sevilla, 16-17 de Octubre 2014 Sevilla: Universidad Internacional de Andalucía, 2014. ISBN: 978-84-7993-256-5. Enlace: http://hdl.handle.net/10334/337