Effect of Ramadan fasting on physiologic myopia

زمینه و هدف: نزدیک بینی از شایع ترین نوع عیوب انکساری چشم است. با توجه به اینکه تغذیه از جمله عوامل متعددی است که در ایجاد میوپی دخیل میباشد . این مطالعه با هدف بررسی میزان تاثیر روزه داری بر مقدار میوپی در طی ماه مبارک رمضان انجام شد. روش بررسی: مطالعه به صورت توصیفی – تحلیلی بر روی 122 چشم از 61 نفر انجام شد. جامعه مورد بررسی افراد میوپ مذکر با درجه نزدیک بینی 50/0- تا 00/8- دیوپتر در سنین 50-22 سال بودند. قبل از ماه مبارک رمضان کلیه افراد تحت معاینه کامل چشمی قرار گرفتند و عیب انکساری آنها با روش Cycloplegic refraction اندازه گیری شد. پس از پایان ماه مبارک رمضان در افرادی که توفیق روزه داری به مدت حداقل 29 روز را داشتند مجدداً معاینات چشمی شامل حدت بینایی و عیب انکساری و معاینه با Slit lamp و فوندوسکپی انجام شد و نتایج قبل و بعد از روزه داری با استفاده از آزمون t زوج مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته ها: میانگین سنی بیماران 24/11±20/31 (دامنه 50-22) سال بود. حدت بینایی تمام بیماران 20/20 بود. میانگین عیب انکساری افراد قبل و پس از روزه داری به ترتیب 80/2±21/3- و 00/3±16/3- دیوپتر به دست آمد (05/0P>). نتیجه گیری: روزه داری در افراد مذکر بالای 22 سال موجب تغییر مقدار میوپی نمی شود

Alcohol-assisted versus Mechanical Epithelium Removal in Photorefractive Keratectomy

Purpose: To compare the outcomes and complications of alcohol-assisted versus mechanical corneal epithelial debridement for photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Methods: This randomized controlled trial included 1,250 eyes of 625 patients undergoing PRK for correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism. Each patient was randomly assigned to alcohol-assisted or mechanical epithelial removal. Results: A total of 658 eyes underwent alcohol-assisted epithelial removal while the epithelium was removed mechanically in 592 eyes. Mean spherical equivalent was ‑4.37}2.3 D in the alcohol group and ‑3.8}1.3 D in the mechanical group (P = 0.78). There was no significant difference in postoperative pain between the study groups (P = 0.22). Uncorrected visual acuity ≥ 20/20 and ≥ 20/40 was achieved in 90.9% versus 93.4% (P = 0.08), and 98.9% versus 99.5% (P = 0.36) of eyes in the alcohol and mechanical groups, respectively. Final refractive error within 1D of emmetropia was achieved in 90% versus 92.2% of eyes in the alcohol and mechanical groups, respectively (P = 0.23). Alcohol-assisted debridement required less time than mechanical debridement (96±18 vs. 118±26 seconds, P=0.035). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of early and late postoperative complications. Conclusion: Alcohol-assisted and mechanical epithelium removal are comparable in terms of efficacy and side effects. The method of epithelial debridement in PRK may be left to the surgeon′s choice

Comparison of ultrasound and optic biometry with respect to eye refractive errors after phacoemulsification

<ul><li><strong>BACKGROUND</strong>: Phacoemulsification is one of the best surgical treatments for the cataract. Secondary to the technicaladvances in estimating the intraocular lens (IOL) power, the refractive errors, one of the most important surgical complications after surgery, is now reduced. Currently, two methods of biometry are used to calculate the IOL power, ultrasound biometry and optical biometry. Both methods have their own advantages and it is controversial to use which of them before surgery. We would like to know if there is any difference between these two biometry methods to reduce refractive errors after cataract surgery.</li><li><strong>METHODS</strong>: Present research was a cohort study on the patients undergone phacoemulsification due to cataract in Feiz and Farabi academic hospitals and Aban ophthalmology clinic. We compared eye refractions after cataract surgery in two groups of patients. Ultrasound biometry was done for the first group and the optical biometry for the second one. Mean absolute refractive error (MAE) was compared in the two groups by t test.</li><li><strong>RESULTS</strong>: Eye refractions of 132 patients were studied; 76 patients in group one and 56 patients in group two. The MAE measured 0.67 ± 0.70 diopters for the first group and 0.79 ± 0.76 diopters for the second one and the difference was not significant (P = 0.342).</li><li><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong>: According to our results the refractive errors after phacoemulsification was the same for both ultrasound and optical biometry methods. The claim of optical biometry, however, to gain a higher precision and thus a significantly better prediction of individual postoperative refraction after cataract surgery is not yet fulfilled. To determine which method is definitely better, more studies are required.</li><li><strong>KEY WORDS</strong>: Cataract, phacoemulsification, biometry, refractive error.</li></ul&gt

Microflora around teeth and dental implants

Background: When an implant is exposed to oral cavity, its surface gets colonized by micro-organisms. The aim of this study is to comparatively assess the microbiological parameters in sulci around the teeth and the crowns supported by dental implants. Materials and Methods: In this prospective, cross-sectional study, 34 partially edentulous patients aged between 40 and 50 years with total 50 anterior maxillary single implants with cemented crowns (depth of sulci <4 mm) and 34 similar teeth in the same jaw of the same patients were included. Excluded were the patients with compromised systemic and periodontal health and smoking habits. None of the patients had used any antimicrobial mouthwashes during at least two weeks before the study. All of the implants (ITI) were at least 6 months in place covered by definitive prostheses. Samples of gingival sulci were taken around teeth with paper cone and transported to Stuart transport medium. Samples were cultured and examined by a dark field microscope and eight laboratory tests were performed to determine the micro-organisms The data were evaluated statistically using Chi-square test (a=0.05). Results: Six anerobic bacteria found in teeth and implants sulci were Gram-positive cocci, Gram-negative cocci, Prevotella, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteroid Fragilis and Fusobacterium. Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative cocci had maximum and minimum percentage frequency in the two groups, respectively. There were no significant differences between the two groups (P value >0.05). Conclusion: The present study indicated that microflora in implant sulci is similar to the tooth sulci, when the depth of sulci is normal (<4 mm). As a result, implants′ susceptibility to inflammation is the same as teeth

© 2009 Molecular Vision Genotyping results of Iranian PCG families suggests one or more PCG locus other than GCL3A, GCL3B, and GCL3C exist

Purpose: To assess whether loci other than GLC3A, GLC3B, and GLC3C are linked to primary congenital glaucom

CYP1B1 Mutation Profile of Iranian Primary Congenital Glaucoma Patients and Associated Haplotypes

The mutation spectrum of CYP1B1 among 104 primary congenital glaucoma patients of the genetically heterogeneous Iranian population was investigated by sequencing. We also determined intragenic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) haplotypes associated with the mutations and compared these with haplotypes of other populations. Finally, the frequency distribution of the haplotypes was compared among primary congenital glaucoma patients with and without CYP1B1 mutations and normal controls. Genotype classification of six high-frequency SNPs was performed using the PHASE 2.0 software. CYP1B1 mutations in the Iranian patients were very heterogeneous. Nineteen nonconservative mutations associated with disease, and 10 variations not associated with disease were identified. Ten mutations and three variations not associated with disease were novel. The 13 novel variations make a notable contribution to the ∼70 known variations in the gene. CYP1B1 mutations were identified in 70% of the patients. The four most common mutations were G61E, R368H, R390H, and R469W, which together constituted 76.2% of the CYP1B1 mutated alleles found. Six unique core SNP haplotypes were identified, four of which were common to the patients with and without CYP1B1 mutations and controls studied. Three SNP blocks determined the haplotypes. Comparison of haplotypes with those of other populations suggests a common origin for many of the mutations