Las inundaciones como riesgo geológico en Castilla y León

Este trabajo corresponde a la asignatura de Trabajo de Fin de Máster, del “Máster en Profesor de E.S.O. y Bachillerato, F.P. y Enseñanza de Idiomas”, de la especialidad en Biología y Geología, titulo oficial impartido por la Universidad de Valladolid, durante el curso académico 2018- 2019. En este trabajo se aplican los conocimientos aprendidos durante todo el curso académico, especialmente durante las prácticas externas. Para el desarrollo de ese trabajo he desarrollado una unidad didáctica, para la asignatura optativa de Geología de 2º de Bachillerato, dentro del Bloque 7, los Riesgos Geológicos. Este trabajo cuenta con distintas actividades teóricas, prácticas y una salida al campo, desarrolladas durante 9 sesiones. Con esta unidad didáctica se pretende que los alumnos aprendan los contenidos del BOCyL (Junta de Castilla y León, 2015), de una forma significativa y que además estén preparados y sepan reaccionar ante el riesgo por inundaciones.Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Cristalografía y MineralogíaMáster en Profesor de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato, Formación Profesional y Enseñanzas de Idioma

Pretratamientos en una etapa, multietapa y proceso "one-pot" de madera de pino y eucalipto, basados en el empleo de líquidos iónicos apróticos, próticos y bioderivados

La biomasa lignocelulósica y en concreto la madera, es una estructura tridimensional, no uniforme, que necesita emplear pretratamientos para romper los enlaces entre los compuestos quela constituyen. Los procesos de pretratamiento de biomasa lignocelulósica pueden suponer hasta un 40 % de los costes de procesamiento totales.Los líquidos iónicos son sales formadas por un catión, generalmente orgánico y un anión,cuyo punto de fusión es inferior a 100 °C. Su capacidad de solvatación, su naturaleza no volátil, su no inflamabilidad, su alta conductividad iónica, su reciclabilidad y su facilidad de diseño y síntesis atendiendo al uso que se les quiera dar, los convierte en una alternativa a los disolventes convencionales. En los últimos años se ha comprobado que algunos líquidos iónicos son capaces de romper la red de la biomasa lignocelulósica, reduciendo la cristalinidad de la celulosa, incrementando la accesibilidad y favoreciendo la posterior sacarificación enzimática. Sin embargo, existen todavía muchos estudios que deben llevarse a cabo en lo relativo a la recuperación del líquido iónico, la reducción de costes del proceso, la eliminación de etapas de lavado, la toxicidad y la actualización continua en base a las nuevas familias de líquidos iónicos que van surgiendo (líquidos iónicosbioderivados) o la aplicación de otras ya existentes (líquidos iónicos próticos)..

Mapping of the Morava river bed morphology at the locality Kvasice and Bělov

Sedimentary bodies in recent water courses represent potential accumulations of anthropogenic heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants. Three techniques were used for the mapping of underwater topography of rivers and the shape of the sediment bodies in the Morava River: single-beam sonar bathymetric profiles, flow area measurement using the StreamPro device, and image analysis of aerial photography. In this paper, we compare the above-mentioned methods with respect to their accuracy and time consuming. Despite its limited accuracy, image analysis of aerial photographs can give a quick overview of the distribution and topography of major underwater sedimentary bodies.Sedimentary bodies in recent water courses represent potential accumulations of anthropogenic heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants. Three techniques were used for the mapping of underwater topography of rivers and the shape of the sediment bodies in the Morava River: single-beam sonar bathymetric profiles, flow area measurement using the StreamPro device, and image analysis of aerial photography. In this paper, we compare the above-mentioned methods with respect to their accuracy and time consuming. Despite its limited accuracy, image analysis of aerial photographs can give a quick overview of the distribution and topography of major underwater sedimentary bodies

Introducción a la preparación de trabajos de fin de grado a través del aprendizaje invertido (flipped classroom)

Memoria ID-012 Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2020-2021

Coccolithophore biodiversity controls carbonate export in the Southern Ocean

Southern Ocean waters are projected to undergo profound changes in their physical and chemical properties in the coming decades. Coccolithophore blooms in the Southern Ocean are thought to account for a major fraction of the global marine calcium carbonate (CaCO3) production and export to the deep sea. Therefore, changes in the composition and abundance of Southern Ocean coccolithophore populations are likely to alter the marine carbon cycle, with feedbacks to the rate of global climate change. However, the contribution of coccolithophores to CaCO3 export in the Southern Ocean is uncertain, particularly in the circumpolar subantarctic zone that represents about half of the areal extent of the Southern Ocean and where coccolithophores are most abundant. Here, we present measurements of annual CaCO3 flux and quantitatively partition them amongst coccolithophore species and heterotrophic calcifiers at two sites representative of a large portion of the subantarctic zone. We find that coccolithophores account for a major fraction of the annual CaCO3 export, with the highest contributions in waters with low algal biomass accumulations. Notably, our analysis reveals that although Emiliania huxleyi is an important vector for CaCO3 export to the deep sea, less abundant but larger species account for most of the annual coccolithophore CaCO3 flux. This observation contrasts with the generally accepted notion that high particulate inorganic carbon accumulations during the austral summer in the subantarctic Southern Ocean are mainly caused by E. huxleyi blooms. It appears likely that the climate-induced migration of oceanic fronts will initially result in the poleward expansion of large coccolithophore species increasing CaCO3 production. However, subantarctic coccolithophore populations will eventually diminish as acidification overwhelms those changes. Overall, our analysis emphasizes the need for species-centred studies to improve our ability to project future changes in phytoplankton communities and their influence on marine biogeochemical cycles.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Limited variability in the phytoplankton Emiliania huxleyi since the pre-industrial era in the Subantarctic Southern Ocean

The Southern Ocean is warming faster than the average global ocean and is particularly vulnerable to ocean acidification due to its low temperatures and moderate alkalinity. Coccolithophores are the most productive calcifying phytoplankton and an important component of Southern Ocean ecosystems. Laboratory observations on the most abundant coccolithophore, Emiliania huxleyi, suggest that this species is susceptible to variations in seawater carbonate chemistry, with consequent impacts in the carbon cycle. Whether anthropogenic environmental change during the industrial era has modified coccolithophore populations in the Southern Ocean, however, remains uncertain. This study analysed the coccolithophore assemblage composition and morphometric parameters of E. huxleyi coccoliths of a suite of Holocene-aged sediment samples from south of Tasmania. The analysis suggests that dissolution diminished the mass and length of E. huxleyi coccoliths in the sediments, but the thickness of the coccoliths was decoupled from dissolution allowing direct comparison of samples with different degree of preservation. The latitudinal distribution pattern of coccolith thickness mirrors the latitudinal environmental gradient in the surface layer, highlighting the importance of the geographic distribution of E. huxleyi morphotypes on the control of coccolith morphometrics. Additionally, comparison of the E. huxleyi coccolith assemblages in the sediments with those of annual subantarctic sediment trap records found that modern E. huxleyi coccoliths are 2% thinner than those from the pre-industrial era. The subtle variation in coccolith thickness contrasts sharply with earlier work that documented a pronounced reduction in shell calcification and consequent shell-weight decrease of 30-35% on the planktonic foraminifera Globigerina bulloides induced by ocean acidification. Results of this study underscore the varying sensitivity of different marine calcifying plankton groups to ongoing environmental change.FCT: UIDB/04326/2020;info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Elaboración de recursos docentes para la enseñanza presencial y semipresencial en el área de la Ingeniería Química empleando Jupyter Notebook

El objetivo principal de este proyecto es la elaboración de recursos docentes, para estudiantes y profesores, dentro del área de la Ingeniería Química, utilizando el software libre Jupyter Notebook, empleado bajo el lenguaje de programación Python

Reduction in size of the calcifying phytoplankton Calcidiscus leptoporus to environmental changes between the Holocene and modern Subantarctic Southern Ocean

Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2019-000940-MThe Subantarctic Zone of the Southern Ocean plays a disproportionally large role on the Earth system. Model projections predict rapid environmental change in the coming decades, including ocean acidification, warming, and changes in nutrient supply which pose a serious risk for marine ecosystems. Yet despite the importance of the Subantarctic Zone, annual and inter-annual time series are extremely rare, leading to important uncertainties about the current state of its ecosystems and hindering predictions of future response to climate change. Moreover, as the longest observational time series available are only a few decades long, it remains unknown whether marine pelagic ecosystems have already responded to ongoing environmental change during the industrial era. Here, we take advantage of multiple sampling efforts - monitoring of surface layer water properties together with sediment trap, seafloor sediment and sediment core sampling - to reconstruct the modern and pre-industrial state of the keystone calcifying phytoplankton Calcidiscus leptoporus, central to the global marine carbonate cycle. Morphometric measurements reveal that modern C. leptoporus coccoliths are 15% lighter and 25% smaller than those preserved in the underlying Holocene-aged sediments. The cumulative effect of multiple environmental factors appears responsible for the coccolith size variations since the Last Deglaciation, with warming and ocean acidification most likely playing a predominant role during the industrial era. Notably, extrapolation of our results suggests a future reduction in cell and coccolith size which will have a negative impact on the efficiency of the biological pump in the Southern Ocean through a reduction of carbonate ballasting. Lastly, our results tentatively suggest that C. leptoporus coccolith size could be used as a palaeo-proxy for growth rate. Future culture experiments will be needed to test this hypothesis

Full annual monitoring of Subantarctic Emiliania huxleyi populations reveals highly calcified morphotypes in high-CO2 winter conditions

Datos de investigación en: http://hdl.handle.net/10366/143074[EN]Ocean acidifcation is expected to have detrimental consequences for the most abundant calcifying phytoplankton species Emiliania huxleyi. However, this assumption is mainly based on laboratory manipulations that are unable to reproduce the complexity of natural ecosystems. Here, E. huxleyi coccolith assemblages collected over a year by an autonomous water sampler and sediment traps in the Subantarctic Zone were analysed. The combination of taxonomic and morphometric analyses together with in situ measurements of surface-water properties allowed us to monitor, with unprecedented detail, the seasonal cycle of E. huxleyi at two Subantarctic stations. E. huxleyi subantarctic assemblages were composed of a mixture of, at least, four diferent morphotypes. Heavier morphotypes exhibited their maximum relative abundances during winter, coinciding with peak annual TCO2 and nutrient concentrations, while lighter morphotypes dominated during summer, coinciding with lowest TCO2 and nutrients levels. The similar seasonality observed in both time-series suggests that it may be a circumpolar feature of the Subantarctic zone. Our results challenge the view that ocean acidifcation will necessarily lead to a replacement of heavily-calcifed coccolithophores by lightly-calcifed ones in subpolar ecosystems, and emphasize the need to consider the cumulative efect of multiple stressors on the probable succession of morphotypes.European Union's Horizon 2020, Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual fellowshi

Full annual monitoring of Subantarctic Emiliania huxleyi populations reveals highly calcified morphotypes in high-CO2 winter conditions [Dataset]

[EN]Supplement Table S1. a. Sampling dates and morphotype relative abundance of E. huxleyi coccolith assemblages collected in the surface layer at the SOTS site. b. Sampling intervals, fluxes and morphotype relative abundance and morphometric measurements of E. huxleyi coccolith assemblages intercepted by the sediment traps at the SOTS and SAM sites. Table S2. Environmental parameters measured at the surface layer of the SOTS site from August 2011 to July 2012.European Union's Horizon 2020, Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual fellowshipThe dataset includes Supplementary Information, Table S1. : abundance, composition and morphometric data of E. huxleyi coccolith assemblages generated during the current study Table S2: environmental data Environmental parameters measured at the surface layer of the SOTS site from August 2011 to July 2012