Song and Russian Futurism: The Early Vocal Works of Nikolay Roslavets and Arthur Lourié

This thesis analyzes Nikolay Roslavets’s Four Compositions for Voice and Piano and Ar-thur Lourié’s Azbuka and Corona Carminum Sacrorum, all works written during the height of the composers’ involvement with the Russian Futurist movement. These works represent oppo-site means of compositional experimentation. Lourié used Russian folk influences to stretch the limits of tonality through the use of peremennost’. Azbuka and Corona Carminum Sacrorum contain equal tonal centers of A minor and C major with secondary harmonic areas of E minor and G major. Roslavets, however, invented his own system of composing with synthetic chords to free himself from past artistic trends. A combination of voice-leading analysis and set–class analysis reveals three types of transpositional organization: cyclic, derivative, and varied. Each type of transpositional organization has a different function that shapes the harmonic and ortho-graphical landscape of the songs. Lourié’s works manifest his shift to “new simplicity” (Sitsky, 87) as a means of musical experimentation whereas Roslavets sought to expand the boundaries of composition with synthetic chords

Design, development, fabrication and testing of high temperature Flat Conductor Cable (FCC)

The results are presented of a development program for a flat, 25-conductor signal cable and a flat, 3-conductor power cable. Flat cables employ conductors made of strips or flattened round copper conductors insulated with polyimide films. It is shown that conductor thickness ranges from 0.003 to 0.010 inch, and begins to soften and loose mechanical strength at temperatures above 200 C

This was actually fun! : Engaging users in conversations about digital literacy

This interactive presentation highlights pop-up programming designed to improve 21st century digital literacies. The session includes an overview of activity development and reflections on its success. Participants will explore light-touch digital literacy games on their personal devices and take home tools to recreate similar programming at their library

Incidence and distribution of Heterobasidion and Armillaria and their influence on canopy gap formation in unmanaged mountain pine forests in the Swiss Alps

Various disturbance factors on different spatial scales can lead to the creation of canopy gaps in forest ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the role of root rot fungi in the formation of canopy gaps in the Swiss National Park in the Central Alps. Dying or recently dead mountain pine (Pinus mugo subsp. uncinata trees (n=172) and saplings (n=192) from 42 canopy gaps were assessed for Armillaria and Annosum root rot. Heterobasidion annosum s.str. proved to be the dominant pathogen and was isolated from 49% of the trees and 64% of the saplings. Armillaria was found on 13% of the trees and 20% of the saplings. Three Armillaria species, A. borealis, A. cepistipes, and A. ostoyae, were identified. Armillaria ostoyae was the most frequent species, accounting for 72% of all Armillaria isolates. A total of 31 (74%) gaps were associated with H. annosum, and six (14%) with A. ostoyae. The remaining gaps were either associated with both pathogens (7%) or with other, unknown, factors (5%). Our findings suggest that the two pathogenic fungi, H. annosum s.str. and A. ostoyae, are the main reason for the large-scale mortality of mountain pines and the creation of canopy gaps in high elevation forests of the Swiss National Par

Diversity and ecology of Armillaria species in virgin forests in the Ukrainian Carpathians

In this study, we investigated the diversity and ecology of Armillaria species in virgin pure beech and mixed conifer forests (15,000ha) of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve in Ukraine. Armillaria rhizomorphs were systematically sampled, both from the soil and from the root collar of trees (epiphytic), on 79 plots (25 × 20m) of a 1.5 × 1.5km grid. In both forest massifs, rhizomorphs were present in the majority of the soil samples, with an estimated dry weight of 512kg/ha in the pure beech forests and 223kg/ha in the mixed conifer forests. Similarly, in both forest massifs, most of the trees inspected had rhizomorphs at the root collar. Species identification based on DNA analyses showed that all five annulated European Armillaria species occur in these virgin forests, as previously observed in managed forests in central Europe. However, differences in the frequencies of the single species were observed. The predominance of the preferentially saprotrophic A. cepistipes and A. gallica (84 and 15% of the specimens, respectively) and the absence of significant pathogenic activity suggest that in these virgin forests Armillaria species are most likely to behave as saprotrophs. Forest management may increase the frequency of the pathogenic species A. ostoyae, which is rare in virgin forest

Eight microsatellite markers for Armillaria cepistipes and their transferability to other Armillaria species

We isolated eight polymorphic microsatellite markers for the basidiomycete Armillaria cepistipes and characterised them by analysing 50 isolates representing two geographically distinct populations from Switzerland and the Ukraine. The number of alleles per locus and population varied from one to eight, resulting in 43 alleles over the eight loci and two populations. In both populations, no significant linkage disequilibrium was observed between pairs of loci. Significant (P < 0.05) deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed at one locus in the Swiss population and at three loci in the Ukrainian population. Of the eight loci developed for A. cepistipes, six were also polymorphic in A. gallica, four in A. ostoyae, two in A. mellea, and one in A. borealis. Beside the potential to be used for population genetic studies on A. cepistipes, these microsatellites thus represent additional molecular markers for three of the four annulated Armillaria species occurring in Europ

Growth and resilience responses of Scots pine to extreme droughts across Europe depend on pre‐drought growth conditions

Global climate change is expected to further raise the frequency and severity of extreme events, such as droughts. The effects of extreme droughts on trees are difficult to disentangle given the inherent complexity of drought events (frequency, severity, duration, and timing during the growing season). Besides, drought effects might be modulated by trees’ phenotypic variability, which is, in turn, affected by long‐term local selective pressures and management legacies. Here, we investigated the magnitude and the temporal changes of tree‐level resilience (i.e., resistance, recovery, and resilience) to extreme droughts. Moreover, we assessed the tree‐, site‐, and drought‐related factors and their interactions driving the tree‐level resilience to extreme droughts. We used a tree‐ring network of the widely distributed Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris ) along a 2800 km latitudinal gradient from southern Spain to northern Germany. We found that the resilience to extreme drought decreased in mid‐elevation and low productivity sites from 1980‐1999 to 2000‐2011 likely due to more frequent and severe droughts in the later period. Our study showed that the impact of drought on tree‐level resilience was not dependent on its latitudinal location, but rather on the type of sites trees were growing at and on their growth performances (i.e., magnitude and variability of growth) during the pre‐drought period. We found significant interactive effects between drought duration and tree growth prior to drought, suggesting that Scots pine trees with higher magnitude and variability of growth in the long term are more vulnerable to long and severe droughts. Moreover, our results indicate that Scots pine trees that experienced more frequent droughts over the long‐term were less resistant to extreme droughts. We therefore conclude that the physiological resilience to extreme droughts might be constrained by their growth prior to drought, and that more frequent and longer drought periods may overstrain their potential for acclimation.Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship (PROJECT ID: 749051-REFOREST), Postdoctoral grant (IJCI-2015-25845, FEDER funds), RTI2018-096884-B-C31, RTI2018-096884-B-C33 projects (Ministry of Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, Spain), VULBOS project (UPO-1263216, FEDER Funds, Andalusia Regional Government, Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad 2014-2020), PinCaR project (UHU-1266324, FEDER Funds, Andalusia Regional Government, Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad 2014-2020), Bavarian Ministry of Science, Bavarian Climate Research Network (bayklif). project DENDROKLIMA by the German Waldklimafond (FKZ 28W-C-4-077-01), ST327 Bavarian State Ministry for Food, Agriculture, and Forestry. Landesforst MecklenburgVorpommern, Landeskompetenzzentrum Forst Eberswalde and Nordwestdeutsche Forstliche Versuchsanstalt