Distribución espacial de leguminosas en relación con el arbolado

A study was made of tree canopy influence on spatial distribution of leguminosae species and some soil variables in grassland communities. Besides the differentiation according to the tree species, it is possible to establish groups of samples according to their distance frorn the tree trunk. The greatest influence of canopy on vegetation and soil variables has been detected in the samples taken on the northern side of the trees.Se estudia la incidencia del arbolado sobre la distribución espacial de especies pertenecientes a la familia de las leguminosas y sobre algunas variables edáficas, en comunidades de pastizal adehesado. Aparte de la diferenciación atribuible a la especie arbórea, en todos los casos es posible el establecimiento de grupos de acuerdo con la distancia al tronco. La mayor influencia del arbolado se detecta en orientación norte, tanto en lo que se refiere a la vegetación como a las variables edíficas

First detection of the 448 GHz H2O transition in space

We present the first detection of the ortho-H2O 4_23-3_30 transition at 448 GHz in space. We observed this transition in the local (z = 0.010) luminous infrared (IR) galaxy ESO 320-G030 (IRAS F11506-3851) using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). The water 4_23-3_30 emission, which originates in the highly obscured nucleus of this galaxy, is spatially resolved over a region of ~65 pc in diameter and shows a regular rotation pattern compatible with the global molecular and ionized gas kinematics. The line profile is symmetric and well fitted by a Gaussian with an integrated flux of 37.0 +- 0.7 Jy km s-1 . Models predict this water transition as a potential collisionally excited maser transition. On the contrary, in this galaxy, we find that the 4_23-3_30 emission is primarily excited by the intense far-IR radiation field present in its nucleus. According to our modeling, this transition is a probe of deeply buried galaxy nuclei thanks to the high dust optical depths (tau_100{\mu}m > 1, N_H > 1e24 cm-2) required to efficiently excite it.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A Letters; 4 pages, 5 figure

Structure, morphology, adhesion and in vitro biological evaluation of antibacterial multi-layer HA-Ag/SiO2/TiN/Ti coatings obtained by RF magnetron sputtering for biomedical applications

[EN] Biocompatible and antibacterial multi-layer coatings of hydroxyapatite (HA)-Ag/SiO2/TiN/Ti were obtained on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy, by means of the magnetron sputtering technique. During characterization of the coatings, the chemical composition was evaluated by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and the phase analysis was carried out by X-ray diffraction. The morphology of the coatings was observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy, while transmission electron microscopy was used to appreciate their structure. The adhesion of the coatings to the substrate was evaluated by micro scratch test. The in vitro biological response was evaluated in terms of cytotoxicity, adhesion and differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells, as well as adhesion and bacterial viability of Staphylococcus aureus strain. Through the compositional study carried out, the deposition of the HA phase was verified, with a Ca/P ratio close to 1.67 and the characteristic diffraction peaks of this compound. The structural study of the coatings evidenced the obtention of multi-layer architectures. The use of an intermediate SiO2/TiN/Ti trilayer was found to improve adhesion between HA-Ag and the substrate by 84%. Finally, the in vitro biological tests carried out indicated a potentially non-toxic character in the coatings. Additionally, an antibacterial effect was registered at low concentrations of Ag (3.0.co;2-3Lalueza, P., Monzón, M., Arruebo, M., & Santamaría, J. (2011). Bactericidal effects of different silver-containing materials. Materials Research Bulletin, 46(11), 2070-2076. doi:10.1016/j.materresbull.2011.06.041Peetsch, A., Greulich, C., Braun, D., Stroetges, C., Rehage, H., Siebers, B., … Epple, M. (2013). Silver-doped calcium phosphate nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, and toxic effects toward mammalian and prokaryotic cells. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 102, 724-729. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.09.040Yanovska, A. A., Stanislavov, A. S., Sukhodub, L. B., Kuznetsov, V. N., Illiashenko, V. Y., Danilchenko, S. N., & Sukhodub, L. F. (2014). Silver-doped hydroxyapatite coatings formed on Ti–6Al–4V substrates and their characterization. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 36, 215-220. doi:10.1016/j.msec.2013.12.011DeVasConCellos, P., Bose, S., Beyenal, H., Bandyopadhyay, A., & Zirkle, L. G. (2012). Antimicrobial particulate silver coatings on stainless steel implants for fracture management. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 32(5), 1112-1120. doi:10.1016/j.msec.2012.02.020VALLETREGI, M. (2004). Calcium phosphates as substitution of bone tissues. Progress in Solid State Chemistry, 32(1-2), 1-31. doi:10.1016/j.progsolidstchem.2004.07.001Surmenev, R. A., Surmeneva, M. A., Evdokimov, K. E., Pichugin, V. F., Peitsch, T., & Epple, M. (2011). The influence of the deposition parameters on the properties of an rf-magnetron-deposited nanostructured calcium phosphate coating and a possible growth mechanism. Surface and Coatings Technology, 205(12), 3600-3606. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.12.039Surmeneva, M. A., Sharonova, A. A., Chernousova, S., Prymak, O., Loza, K., Tkachev, M. S., … Surmenev, R. A. (2017). Incorporation of silver nanoparticles into magnetron-sputtered calcium phosphate layers on titanium as an antibacterial coating. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 156, 104-113. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.05.016Mohseni, E., Zalnezhad, E., Bushroa, A. R., Abdel Magid Hamouda, Goh, B. T., & Yoon, G. H. (2015). Ti/TiN/HA coating on Ti–6Al–4V for biomedical applications. Ceramics International, 41(10), 14447-14457. doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.07.081Ghasemi, S., Shanaghi, A., & Chu, P. K. (2017). Nano mechanical and wear properties of multi-layer Ti/TiN coatings deposited on Al 7075 by high-vacuum magnetron sputtering. Thin Solid Films, 638, 96-104. doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2017.07.049Hamdi, D. A., Jiang, Z.-T., No, K., Rahman, M. M., Lee, P.-C., Truc, L. N. T., … Dlugogorski, B. Z. (2019). Biocompatibility study of multi-layered hydroxyapatite coatings synthesized on Ti-6Al-4V alloys by RF magnetron sputtering for prosthetic-orthopaedic implant applications. Applied Surface Science, 463, 292-299. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.08.157Qi, J., Yang, Y., Zhou, M., Chen, Z., & Chen, K. (2019). Effect of transition layer on the performance of hydroxyapatite/titanium nitride coating developed on Ti-6Al-4V alloy by magnetron sputtering. Ceramics International, 45(4), 4863-4869. doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.11.183Lenis, J. A., Hurtado, F. M., Gómez, M. A., & Bolívar, F. J. (2019). Effect of thermal treatment on structure, phase and mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite thin films grown by RF magnetron sputtering. Thin Solid Films, 669, 571-578. doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2018.11.045Lenis, J. A., Gómez, M. A., & Bolívar, F. J. (2019). Effect of deposition temperature and target-substrate distance on the structure, phases, mechanical and tribological properties of multi-layer HA-Ag coatings obtained by RF magnetron sputtering. Surface and Coatings Technology, 378, 124936. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.124936Sofronia, A. M., Baies, R., Anghel, E. M., Marinescu, C. A., & Tanasescu, S. (2014). Thermal and structural characterization of synthetic and natural nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 43, 153-163. doi:10.1016/j.msec.2014.07.023Lenis, J. A., Bejarano, G., Rico, P., Ribelles, J. L. G., & Bolívar, F. J. (2019). Development of multilayer Hydroxyapatite - Ag/TiN-Ti coatings deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering with potential application in the biomedical field. Surface and Coatings Technology, 377, 124856. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.06.097Lenis, J. A., Toro, L. J., & Bolívar, F. J. (2019). Multi-layer bactericidal silver - calcium phosphate coatings obtained by RF magnetron sputtering. Surface and Coatings Technology, 367, 203-211. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.03.038Valverde, A., Pérez-Álvarez, L., Ruiz-Rubio, L., Pacha Olivenza, M. A., García Blanco, M. B., Díaz-Fuentes, M., & Vilas-Vilela, J. L. (2019). Antibacterial hyaluronic acid/chitosan multilayers onto smooth and micropatterned titanium surfaces. Carbohydrate Polymers, 207, 824-833. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.12.039Surmeneva, M. A., Chaikina, M. V., Zaikovskiy, V. I., Pichugin, V. F., Buck, V., Prymak, O., … Surmenev, R. A. (2013). The structure of an RF-magnetron sputter-deposited silicate-containing hydroxyapatite-based coating investigated by high-resolution techniques. Surface and Coatings Technology, 218, 39-46. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.12.023Nelea, V., Morosanu, C., Iliescu, M., & Mihailescu, I. N. (2003). Microstructure and mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite thin films grown by RF magnetron sputtering. Surface and Coatings Technology, 173(2-3), 315-322. doi:10.1016/s0257-8972(03)00729-1Ding, S.-J., Ju, C.-P., & Lin, J.-H. C. (1999). Characterization of hydroxyapatite and titanium coatings sputtered on Ti-6Al-4V substrate. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 44(3), 266-279. doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(19990305)44:33.0.co;2-4Ivanova, A. A., Surmeneva, M. A., Tyurin, A. I., Pirozhkova, T. S., Shuvarin, I. A., Prymak, O., … Surmenev, R. A. (2016). Fabrication and physico-mechanical properties of thin magnetron sputter deposited silver-containing hydroxyapatite films. Applied Surface Science, 360, 929-935. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.11.087Contreras Romero, E., Cortínez Osorio, J., Talamantes Soto, R., Hurtado Macías, A., & Gómez Botero, M. (2019). Microstructure, mechanical and tribological performance of nanostructured TiAlTaN-(TiAlN/TaN)n coatings: Understanding the effect of quaternary/multilayer volume fraction. Surface and Coatings Technology, 377, 124875. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.07.086Deligianni, D. (2001). Effect of surface roughness of the titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V on human bone marrow cell response and on protein adsorption. Biomaterials, 22(11), 1241-1251. doi:10.1016/s0142-9612(00)00274-xZareidoost, A., Yousefpour, M., Ghaseme, B., & Amanzadeh, A. (2012). The relationship of surface roughness and cell response of chemical surface modification of titanium. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 23(6), 1479-1488. doi:10.1007/s10856-012-4611-9Surmeneva, M. A., Tyurin, A. I., Mukhametkaliyev, T. M., Pirozhkova, T. S., Shuvarin, I. A., Syrtanov, M. S., & Surmenev, R. A. (2015). Enhancement of the mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy via nanostructured hydroxyapatite thin films fabricated via radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 46, 127-136. doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.02.025Quirama, A., Echavarría, A. M., Meza, J. M., Osorio, J., & Bejarano G, G. (2017). Improvement of the mechanical behavior of the calcium phosphate coatings deposited onto Ti6Al4V alloy using an intermediate TiN/TiO2 bilayer. Vacuum, 146, 22-30. doi:10.1016/j.vacuum.2017.09.024Surmeneva, M. A., Kleinhans, C., Vacun, G., Kluger, P. J., Schönhaar, V., Müller, M., … Surmenev, R. A. (2015). Nano-hydroxyapatite-coated metal-ceramic composite of iron-tricalcium phosphate: Improving the surface wettability, adhesion and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 135, 386-393. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.07.057Chen, Y., Zheng, X., Xie, Y., Ji, H., Ding, C., Li, H., & Dai, K. (2010). Silver release from silver-containing hydroxyapatite coatings. Surface and Coatings Technology, 205(7), 1892-1896. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.08.073Actis, L., Gaviria, L., Guda, T., & Ong, J. L. (2013). Antimicrobial surfaces for craniofacial implants: state of the art. Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, 39(2), 43. doi:10.5125/jkaoms.2013.39.2.43Parvizi, J., Aggarwal, V., & Rasouli, M. (2013). Periprosthetic joint infection: Current concept. Indian Journal of Orthopaedics, 47(1), 10. doi:10.4103/0019-5413.106884Redey, S. A., Nardin, M., Bernache-Assolant, D., Rey, C., Delannoy, P., Sedel, L., & Marie, P. J. (2000). Behavior of human osteoblastic cells on stoichiometric hydroxyapatite and type A carbonate apatite: Role of surface energy. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 50(3), 353-364. doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(20000605)50:33.0.co;2-cSpriano, S., Bosetti, M., Bronzoni, M., Vernè, E., Maina, G., Bergo, V., & Cannas, M. (2005). Surface properties and cell response of low metal ion release Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy after multi-step chemical and thermal treatments. Biomaterials, 26(11), 1219-1229. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.04.026Vogler, E. A. (1999). Water and the acute biological response to surfaces. Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 10(10), 1015-1045. doi:10.1163/156856299x00667Lim, J. Y., Liu, X., Vogler, E. A., & Donahue, H. J. (2004). Systematic variation in osteoblast adhesion and phenotype with substratum surface characteristics. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 68A(3), 504-512. doi:10.1002/jbm.a.20087Sengstock, C., Diendorf, J., Epple, M., Schildhauer, T. A., & Köller, M. (2014). Effect of silver nanoparticles on human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology, 5, 2058-2069. doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.214Sahuquillo Arce, J. M., Iranzo Tatay, A., Llácer Luna, M., Sanchis Boix, Y., Guitán Deltell, J., González Barberá, E., … Gobernado Serrano, M. (2011). Estudio in vitro de las propiedades antimicrobianas de una espuma de poliuretano que libera iones de plata. Cirugía Española, 89(8), 532-538. doi:10.1016/j.ciresp.2011.02.015Jamuna-Thevi, K., Bakar, S. A., Ibrahim, S., Shahab, N., & Toff, M. R. M. (2011). Quantification of silver ion release, in vitro cytotoxicity and antibacterial properties of nanostuctured Ag doped TiO2 coatings on stainless steel deposited by RF magnetron sputtering. Vacuum, 86(3), 235-241. doi:10.1016/j.vacuum.2011.06.011Chernousova, S., & Epple, M. (2012). Silver as Antibacterial Agent: Ion, Nanoparticle, and Metal. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 52(6), 1636-1653. doi:10.1002/anie.20120592

Spectral Line Identification and Modelling (SLIM) in the MAdrid Data CUBe Analysis (MADCUBA) package: An interactive software for data cube analysis

In this paper we present the detailed formalism at the core of the Spectral Line Identification and Modelling (SLIM) within the MAdrid Data CUBe Analysis (MADCUBA) package and their main data handling functionalities. These tools have been developed to visualize, analyze and model large spectroscopic data cubes. We present the highly interactive on-the-fly visualization and modelling tools of MADCUBA and SLIM, which includes an stand-alone spectroscopic database. The parameters stored therein are used to solve the full radiative transfer equation under Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE). SLIM provides tools to generate synthetic LTE model spectra based on input physical parameters of column density, excitation temperature, velocity, line width and source size. SLIM also provides an automatic fitting algorithm to obtain the physical parameters (with their associated errors) better fitting the observations. Synthetic spectra can be overlayed in the data cubes/spectra to easy the task of multi-molecular line identification and modelling.We present the Java-based MADCUBA and its internal module SLIM packages which provide all the necessary tools for manipulation and analysis of spectroscopic data cubes. We describe in detail the spectroscopic fitting equations and make use of this tool to explore the breaking conditions and implicit errors of commonly used approximations in the literature. Easy-to-use tools like MADCUBA allow the users to derive the physical information from spectroscopic data without the need of resourcing to simple approximations. SLIM allows to use the full radiative transfer equation, and to interactively explore the space of physical parameters and associated uncertainties from observational data.Comment: 18 pages, 7 Figures, Accepted for publication in A&

Efecto del incremento de la actividad física sobre la condición física en un grupo de adolescentes con sobrepeso y/u obesidad

This study evaluated the effect of increased physical activity (PA) to achieve PA recommendations according to the World Health Organization for improving health in a group of 42 adolescents (28 girls) with overweight / obesity (BMI = 29.37 ± 4.5 Kg / m²). The 12 weeks treatment consisted in the prescription and follow-up of the PA guidelines divided in two phases: intensive (weekly follow-up) and extensive (fortnightly follow-up). PA level was assessed using the Physician-based Assessment and Counseling questionnaire and the Physical Fitness using upper body isometric strength test, lower body explosive strength test and cardiorespiratory fitness test, all from the ALPHA battery fitness tests. After treatment, a significant improvement was observed (p <0.05) in cardiorespiratory fitness. In conclusion, this study shows that increasing PA practice and meeting the weekly recommendations of 300 minutes of moderate-vigorous PA, the adolescents’ group improved their cardiorespiratory fitness.Se analiza el efecto del incremento de actividad física (AF) para conseguir el cumplimiento de recomendaciones de AF para la mejora de la salud  según la Organización Mundial de la Salud  en un grupo de 42 adolescentes (28 chicas) con sobrepeso/obesidad (IMC=29.37±4.5 Kg/m²). El tratamiento de 12 semanas de duración consistió en la prescripción y seguimiento de AF en dos fases: intensiva (seguimiento semanal) y extensiva (seguimiento quincenal). El nivel de AF se valoró mediante el cuestionario Physician-based Assessment and Counseling  y  la condición física  mediante pruebas de fuerza isométrica del tren superior, fuerza explosiva de piernas y capacidad cardiorrespiratoria de la batería ALPHA. Tras el tratamiento se observa una mejora significativa (p<0,05) en capacidad cardiorrespiratoria. En conclusión, se muestra que incrementando la práctica de AF y cumpliendo las recomendaciones semanales de 300 minutos de AF moderada-vigorosa los adolescentes mejoraron su capacidad cardiorrespiratoria

The Impact of Subjective Well-Being on Mortality: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies in the General Population

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether subjective well-being is a protective factor for mortality in the general population, and to analyze the differential impact of evaluative, experienced, and eudaimonic well-being. METHODS: Systematic review of articles in the PsycINFO, Web of Science, and PubMed databases. Data on the studies' characteristics, quality, and the effects of variables were extracted. A meta-analysis was conducted on the studies included in the systematic review. RESULTS: A total of 62 articles that investigated mortality in general populations, involving 1 259 949 participants, were found, and added to those considered in a previous published review (n=14). The meta-analysis showed that subjective well-being was a protective factor for mortality [pooled HR= 0.920; 95% CI = (0.905, 0.934)]. Although the impact of subjective well-being on survival was significant in both men and women, it was slightly more protective in men. The three aspects of subjective well-being were significant protective factors for mortality. The high level of heterogeneity and the evidences of publication bias may reduce the generalizability of these findings. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that subjective well-being is associated with a decreased risk of mortality. Longitudinal studies examining changing levels of well-being and their relationship to longevity would be required to establish a cause-effect relationship. Establishing such a causal relationship would strengthen the case for policy interventions to improve the population subjective well-being in order to produce longevity gains combined with optimizing quality of life

A paleolimmological perspective of three karstic lake (taravilla, Zoñar and Estanya): Sedimentological and hydrogeological evolution climate and human impact and implications for management and restoration policies

Se resumen los datos disponibles y previamente publicados de sondeos sedimentarios recuperados en tres lagos kársticos españoles: Taravilla en el Sistema Ibérico (provincia de Guadalajara), Estanya en el Prepirineo aragonés (provincia de Huesca) y Zoñar en el valle del Guadalquivir (provincia de Córdoba). El intervalo temporal que abarcan estas secuencias sedimentarias varía desde el último máximo glacial (desde hace 21000 años en Estanya) hasta el Holoceno tardío (desde hace 4000 en Zoñar y 2000 años en Taravilla). Los resultados muestran la gran variabilidad de ambientes de depósito que se desarrollaron en estos sistemas lacustres, principalmente ligados a fluctuaciones en el nivel de los lagos, la química de las aguas y cambios en las cuencas de drenaje. Los cambios climáticos han sido los principales responsables de esta gran variabilidad sedimentológica e hidrológica. El impacto de las actividades humanas en las cuencas de recepción ha sido perceptible desde época ibero-romana, pero especialmente a partir de la Edad Media, con un claro aumento de las tasas de sedimentación en los lagos. Las secuencias lacustres representan archivos detallados de cambio global en el pasado que son imprescindibles para conocer tanto la variabilidad climática regional como la dinámica de estos sistemas y así implementar políticas de conservación y gestión de estos espacios naturales y de los recursos hidrológicos y ecológicos que sustentan y estrategias de adaptación al cambio climático.A paleolimnological perspective of three Spanish karstic lakes (Taravilla, Zoñar and Estanya): sedimentological and hydrological evolution, climate and human impact and implications for management and restoration policies. We synthesize the available, published paleolimnological information based on sediment core analyses from three Spanish karstic lakes: Taravilla in the Iberian Range (Guadalajara province), Estanya in the Pre-Prepirinean Range (Huesca province) and Zoñar in the Guadalquivir Basin (Córdoba province). The time span ranges from the last 21000 years in Estanya, about 4000 years in Zoñar and 2000 years in Taravilla. The multidisciplinary study shows large depositional changes in the lakes mostly related to water level and hydrochemical fluctuations and changes in the watershed. Climate change has been the main forcing to explain the hydrological changes in the lakes. Human impact in the watershed and the lakes has been documented since Iberian-Roman times and it has increased since the Medieval Ages with a much higher sediment delivery to the lakes. Lake sediment sequences contain detailed archives of global changes in the past, needed to understand the natural climate variability and the dynamics of the lacustrine systems. These data will help to implement conservation and restoration policies of aquatic ecosystems and also strategies for adaptation to future climate changes.Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEComisión Interministerial de Ciencia y TecnologíaDiputación General de Aragónpu