On the assumptions that we make about the world around us : a conceptual framework for feature transformation effects

Various phenomena such as halo effects, spontaneous trait inferences, and evaluative conditioning have in common that assumptions about object features (e.g., whether a person is intelligent or likeable) are influenced by other object features (e.g., whether that person is attractive or co-occurs with other liked persons). Surprisingly, these phenomena have rarely been related to each other, most likely because different phenomena are described using different terms. To overcome this barrier, we put forward a conceptual framework that can be used to describe a wide range of these phenomena. After introducing the four core concepts of the framework, we illustrate how it can be applied to various phenomena. Doing so helps to reveal similarities and differences between those phenomena, thus improving communication and promoting interactions between different areas of research. Finally, we illustrate the generative power of the framework by discussing some of the new research questions that it highlights

Many Labs 5:Testing pre-data collection peer review as an intervention to increase replicability

Replication studies in psychological science sometimes fail to reproduce prior findings. If these studies use methods that are unfaithful to the original study or ineffective in eliciting the phenomenon of interest, then a failure to replicate may be a failure of the protocol rather than a challenge to the original finding. Formal pre-data-collection peer review by experts may address shortcomings and increase replicability rates. We selected 10 replication studies from the Reproducibility Project: Psychology (RP:P; Open Science Collaboration, 2015) for which the original authors had expressed concerns about the replication designs before data collection; only one of these studies had yielded a statistically significant effect (p < .05). Commenters suggested that lack of adherence to expert review and low-powered tests were the reasons that most of these RP:P studies failed to replicate the original effects. We revised the replication protocols and received formal peer review prior to conducting new replication studies. We administered the RP:P and revised protocols in multiple laboratories (median number of laboratories per original study = 6.5, range = 3?9; median total sample = 1,279.5, range = 276?3,512) for high-powered tests of each original finding with both protocols. Overall, following the preregistered analysis plan, we found that the revised protocols produced effect sizes similar to those of the RP:P protocols (?r = .002 or .014, depending on analytic approach). The median effect size for the revised protocols (r = .05) was similar to that of the RP:P protocols (r = .04) and the original RP:P replications (r = .11), and smaller than that of the original studies (r = .37). Analysis of the cumulative evidence across the original studies and the corresponding three replication attempts provided very precise estimates of the 10 tested effects and indicated that their effect sizes (median r = .07, range = .00?.15) were 78% smaller, on average, than the original effect sizes (median r = .37, range = .19?.50)

Effect of emotion dysregulation and emotion regulation strategies on evaluative conditioning

Evaluative conditioning (EC) appears when a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS) is repeatedly paired with a positive or negative unconditioned stimulus (US). Most studies on EC have focused on the influence of procedural factors (e.g., number of presentations) and awareness, while emotional factors have been understudied. However, literature shows that emotional processes could be involved. In this paper, we assume that, upon appraisal, the US elicits a particular emotion that is then paired with the CS. In this perspective, the ability to regulate emotions could modulate how individuals pay attention to stimuli, appraise them, and, more generally, use them. For these reasons, emotion regulation could be an interindividual moderator of the EC. To test this assumption, we explore whether (i) emotional dysregulation and (ii) emotional regulation strategies moderate EC effects. We conducted an integrative analysis (n = 236) based on two studies using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale and an observational study using the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (n = 128). Higher levels of emotional dysregulation were associated with less positive conditioning. Furthermore, the reappraisal strategy was associated with higher positive conditioning. Therefore, people differ in how they are conditioned (particularly positively conditioned), and part of it is because of emotion regulation differences. This contribution opens several new questions for the EC field to understand more precisely when and where these emotional processes are involved

A propos du geste cosmétique (de ses effets sur la formation d'impression à ses associations implicites en mémoire)

CLERMONT FD-BCIU Lettr./Sci.Hum. (631132101) / SudocPARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF

Le rôle des cosmétiques dans les premières impressions : le cas particulier du maquillage

Personality inferences and cosmetics : The particular case of make up This paper offers a review about the still neglected and manifestly complex effects of cosmetics use, especially facial make-up, on personality inferences and thus social perception. Sometimes positive and sometimes negative, like those related to physical attractiveness, these effects appear irreducible to the latter and thus seem to reflect the intervention of an independent stereotype, relative to that on beauty. Some prospects are suggested and then the stake attached to further developments in this area is emphasized, most notably due to the increasing use of cosmetics in our societies and its probable impact on social interaction.Cet article livre une synthèse sur les effets encore assez méconnus et manifestement complexes du maquillage facial, en particulier celui appliqué quotidiennement par de nombreuses femmes, en matière d’inférences personnologiques et donc de perception sociale. Tantôt positifs tantôt négatifs, à l’instar de ceux liés à l’attractivité physique, ces effets apparaissent irréductibles aux seconds et semblent ainsi refléter l’intervention d’un stéréotype indépendant de celui sur la beauté. Après avoir suggéré quelques pistes pour l’avenir, l’enjeu attaché à une reprise des travaux dans ce domaine est souligné, notamment en raison de la fréquence croissante du recours au maquillage dans nos sociétés et de son impact probable en matière d’interaction sociale.Richetin Juliette, Huguet Pascal, Croizet Jean-Claude. Le rôle des cosmétiques dans les premières impressions : le cas particulier du maquillage. In: L'année psychologique. 2007 vol. 107, n°1. pp. 65-86

Personality inferences and cosmetics: The particular case of make up

International audienceThis paper offers a review about the still neglected and manifestly complex effects of cosmetics use, especially facial make-up, on personality inferences and thus social perception. Sometimes positive and sometimes negative, like those related to physical attractiveness, these effects appear irreducible to the latter and thus seem to reflect the intervention of an independent stereotype, relative to that on beauty. Some prospects are suggested and then the stake attached to further developments in this area is emphasized, most notably due to the increasing use of cosmetics in our societies and its probable impact on social interaction

Le rôle des cosmétiques dans les premières impressions : le cas particulier du maquillage

Personality inferences and cosmetics : The particular case of make up This paper offers a review about the still neglected and manifestly complex effects of cosmetics use, especially facial make-up, on personality inferences and thus social perception. Sometimes positive and sometimes negative, like those related to physical attractiveness, these effects appear irreducible to the latter and thus seem to reflect the intervention of an independent stereotype, relative to that on beauty. Some prospects are suggested and then the stake attached to further developments in this area is emphasized, most notably due to the increasing use of cosmetics in our societies and its probable impact on social interaction.Cet article livre une synthèse sur les effets encore assez méconnus et manifestement complexes du maquillage facial, en particulier celui appliqué quotidiennement par de nombreuses femmes, en matière d’inférences personnologiques et donc de perception sociale. Tantôt positifs tantôt négatifs, à l’instar de ceux liés à l’attractivité physique, ces effets apparaissent irréductibles aux seconds et semblent ainsi refléter l’intervention d’un stéréotype indépendant de celui sur la beauté. Après avoir suggéré quelques pistes pour l’avenir, l’enjeu attaché à une reprise des travaux dans ce domaine est souligné, notamment en raison de la fréquence croissante du recours au maquillage dans nos sociétés et de son impact probable en matière d’interaction sociale.Richetin Juliette, Huguet Pascal, Croizet Jean-Claude. Le rôle des cosmétiques dans les premières impressions : le cas particulier du maquillage. In: L'année psychologique. 2007 vol. 107, n°1. pp. 65-86