A closer look at sum-based embeddings for knowledge graphs containing procedural knowledge

While knowledge graphs and their embedding into low dimensional vectors are established fields of research, they mostly cover factual knowledge. However, to improve downstream models, e. g. for predictive quality in real-world industrial use cases, embeddings of procedural knowledge, available in the form of rules, could be utilized. As such, we investigate which properties of embedding algorithms could prove beneficial in this scenario and evaluate which established embedding methodologies are suited to form the basis of sum-based embeddings of different representations of procedural knowledge

Towards models of conceptual and procedural operator knowledge

To increase the utility of semantic industrial information models we propose a methodology to incorporate extracted operator knowledge, which we assume to be present in the form of rules, in knowledge graphs. To this end, we present multiple modelling patterns that can be combined depending on the required complexity. Aiming to combine information models with learning systems we contemplate desired behaviours of embeddings from a predictive quality perspective and provide a suited embedding methodology. This methodology is evaluated on a real world dataset of a fused deposition modelling process

The Aetiology of Olfactory Dysfunction and Its Relationship to Diet Quality

People with olfactory loss may choose foods rich in sugar, salt and fat to compensate their loss—foods that constitute a Western-style diet (WSD). However, olfactory dysfunction has not been consistently linked to any particular type of dietary change. Here we considered whether the aetiology of olfactory dysfunction may affect consumption of a WSD. Two-hundred and twenty-two people with olfactory dysfunction of varying cause, were tested for chemosensory performance and their frequency of consumption of a WSD. There was no evidence of a link between a WSD and olfactory dysfunction at the aggregate level, but an aetiology-based approach revealed various patterns, showing both positive and negative associations between olfactory performance and consumption of a WSD. We suggest a number of reasons why, in certain cases, greater olfactory dysfunction may be linked to lower intakes of a WSD, and the role that different aetiologies may have in affecting choices for foods that may appeal following olfactory impairment

Continuum Halos in Nearby Galaxies -- an EVLA Survey (CHANG-ES) -- II: First Results on NGC 4631

We present the first results from the CHANG-ES survey, a new survey of 35 edge-on galaxies to search for both in-disk as well as extra-planar radio continuum emission. The motivation and science case for the survey are presented in a companion paper (Paper I). In this paper (Paper II), we outline the observations and data reduction steps required for wide-band calibration and mapping of EVLA data, including polarization, based on C-array test observations of NGC 4631. With modest on-source observing times (30 minutes at 1.5 GHz and 75 minutes at 6 GHz for the test data) we have achieved best rms noise levels of 22 and 3.5 $\mu$Jy beam$^{-1}$ at 1.5 GHz and 6 GHz, respectively. New disk-halo features have been detected, among them two at 1.5 GHz that appear as loops in projection. We present the first 1.5 GHz spectral index map of NGC 4631 to be formed from a single wide-band observation in a single array configuration. This map represents tangent slopes to the intensities within the band centered at 1.5 GHz, rather than fits across widely separated frequencies as has been done in the past and is also the highest spatial resolution spectral index map yet presented for this galaxy. The average spectral index in the disk is $\bar\alpha_{1.5 GHz}\,=\,-0.84\,\pm\,0.05$ indicating that the emission is largely non-thermal, but a small global thermal contribution is sufficient to explain a positive curvature term in the spectral index over the band. Two specific star forming regions have spectral indices that are consistent with thermal emission. Polarization results (uncorrected for internal Faraday rotation) are consistent with previous observations and also reveal some new features. On broad scales, we find strong support for the notion that magnetic fields constrain the X-ray emitting hot gas.Comment: Accepted to the Astronomical Journal, Version 2 changes: Added acknowledgement to NRA

Circulating microRNAs: emerging biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis in patients with gastrointestinal cancers

Author version made available in accordance with the publisher's policy. Under embargo for 6 months from time of publication. The final version of record is available at http://www.clinsci.org/cs/128/0001/cs1280001.htmTo identify novel non-invasive biomarkers for improved detection, risk assessment and prognostic evaluation of cancer, expression profiles of circulating microRNAs are currently under evaluation. Circulating microRNAs are highly promising candidates in this context, as they present some key characteristics for cancer biomarkers: they are tissue-specific with reproducible expression and consistency among individuals from the same species, they are potentially derived directly from the tumor and therefore might correlate with tumor progression and recurrence, and they are bound to proteins or contained in sub-cellular particles such as microvesicles or exosomes, making them highly stable and resistant to degradation. This review highlights the origin of circulating microRNAs, their stability in blood samples, and techniques to isolate exosomal microRNAs, and then addresses the current evidence supporting potential clinical applications for circulating miRNAs for diagnostic and prognostic purposes