Spiritual Perspective, Mindfulness, and Spiritual Care Practices of Hospice and Palliative Care Nurses

Spiritual care is an ethical obligation of the nursing profession and an essential component of palliative care, but is often misunderstood. Lack of conceptual clarity is problematic, for each nurse will provide spiritual care based on his or her understanding of what this care should include. Regardless of how a nurse defines spiritual care, an important element of spiritual care is what nurses bring of themselves to the patient encounter. Findings from several studies have shown a positive relationship between a nurse’s spiritual perspective and spiritual care practices. Spiritual perspective has increased as a result of participating in programs designed to develop mindfulness, “being attentive to and aware of what is taking place in the present” (Brown & Ryan, 2003, p. 822). Being present is an essential skill for spiritual care practice, and a nurse’s ability to be fully present may be facilitated by his or her degree of mindfulness. The relationships between and among spiritual perspective, mindfulness, and spiritual care practices were evaluated using a descriptive correlational design and a convenience sample of nurses from the Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association. Data were collected online via SurveyMonkey® using the Spiritual Perspective Scale (SPS), Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), and the Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics Scale (NSCTS). There was a positive correlation between mindfulness and spiritual care practices (r = .212, p = .05). A linear regression analysis indicated that mindfulness explained 4.5% of the variance in spiritual care practices. No statistically significant relationship was found between spiritual perspective and mindfulness or spiritual perspective and spiritual care practices in this sample of nurses engaged in hospice and palliative care nursing. Identifying mindfulness as a factor that may influence spiritual care practices has implications for nursing education, research, and practice

Greenhouse gas emissions from contrasting beef production systems

Agriculture has been reported to contribute a significant amount of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere among other anthropogenic activities. With still more than 870 million people in the world suffering from under-nutrition and a growing global food demand, it is relevant to study ways for mitigating the environmental impact of food production. The objective of this work was to identify gaps in the knowledge regarding the main factors affecting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from beef farming systems, to reduce the uncertainty on carbon footprint predictions, and to study the relative importance of mitigation options at the system level. A lack of information in the literature was identified regarding the quantification of the relevant animal characteristics of extensive beef systems that can impact on methane (CH4) outputs. In a meta-analysis study, it was observed that the combination of physiological stage and type of diet improved the accuracy of CH4 emission rate predictions. Furthermore, when applied to a system analysis, improved equations to predict CH4 from ruminants under different physiological stages and diet types reduced the uncertainty of whole-farm enteric CH4 predictions by up to 7% over a year. In a modelling study, it was demonstrated that variations in grazing behaviour and grazing choice have a potentially large impact upon CH4 emissions, which are not normally mentioned within carbon budget calculations at either local or national scale. Methane estimations were highly sensitive to changes in quality of the diet, highlighting the importance of considering animal selectivity on carbon budgets of heterogeneous grasslands. Part of the difficulties on collecting reliable information from grazing cattle is due to some limitations of available techniques to perform CH4 emission measurements. Thus, the potential use of a Laser Methane Detector (LMD) for remote sensing of CH4 emissions from ruminants was evaluated. A data analysis method was developed for the LMD outputs. The use of a novel technique to assess CH4 production from ruminants showed very good correlations with independent measurements in respiration chambers. Moreover, the use of this highly sensitive technique demonstrates that there is more variability associated with the pattern of CH4 emissions which cannot be explained by the feed nutritional value. Lastly, previous findings were included in a deterministic model to simulate alternative management options applied to upland beef farming systems. The success of the suggested management technologies to mitigate GHG emissions depends on the characteristics of the farms and management previously adopted. Systems with high proportion of their land unsuitable for cropping but with an efficient use of land had low and more certain GHG emissions, high human-edible returns, and small opportunities to further reduce their carbon footprint per unit of product without affecting food production, potential biodiversity conservation and the livelihood of the region. Altogether, this work helps to reduce the uncertainty of GHG predictions from beef farming systems and highlights the essential role of studies with a holistic approach to issues related to climate change that encompass the analysis of a large range of situations and management alternatives

El peronismo y las elecciones bonaerenses. De la derrota a la consolidación en el gobierno provincial, 1983-1991

Este artículo analiza las performances electorales del peronismo bonaerense entre 1983 y 1991. Intenta comprender las causas que incidieron en que, tras ser derrotado en las primeras elecciones, recuperara la primacía en 1987 y se consolidara como partido en el gobierno. Indaga acerca de la evolución del voto justicialista en la provincia en elecciones de gobernador (1983, 1987 y 1991) y parlamentarias (1985 y 1989), aplicando inferencia ecológica. Describe tendencias referidas a la evolución del padrón y la participación electoral, la distribución seccional y la expansión territorial del voto peronista. Además, relaciona las conclusiones obtenidas del análisis cuantitativo con los procesos históricos. Brinda algunos indicios que complejizan las explicaciones en torno a los fenómenos político-electorales y contribuye a entender en su especificidad la historia política bonaerense del período reciente.This article analyzes the electoral performances of Buenos Aires province's Peronism between 1983 and 1991. Its intention is to understand why after the defeat of 1983, Peronism regained the primacy in 1987 and was consolidated as the ruling party. The evolution of Peronist vote in governor and parliamentary elections (1983, 1985, 1987, 1989, and 1991) is analyzed applying ecological inference. Trends about the electoral register and electoral participation are described, and are referred to the electoral geography of the Peronist vote. Besides, the conclusions achieved through the quantitative analyses are related to the historical processes. The article offers some hints that bring complex explanations about political and electoral events and helps to understand specifically the political history of Buenos Aires in recent times.Fil: Ferrari, Marcela Patricia. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Humanidades; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Ricci, Lila. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Suárez, Fernando Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentin

High-contrast Ultrabroadband Frontend Source for High Intensity Few-Cycle Lasers

An ultrabroadband seed source for high-power, high-contrast OPCPA systems at 800 nm is presented. The source is based on post compression in a hollow-core fiber followed by crossed polarized waves (XPW) filtering and is capable of delivering 80$\mu$J, 5fs, CEP-stable (0.3rad RMS) pulses with excellent spectral and temporal qualit

Combination of cattle urine and dung patches synergically increased nitrous oxide emissions from a temperate grassland under wet conditions.

During grazing, some of the nutrients ingested by cattle are returned to grassland as urine and dung patches and can be lost as greenhouse gases. Sites where cattle congregate are more likely to have overlapping excreta patches favouring enhanced nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. However, there is no consensus about the magnitude of these or simultaneous methane (CH4) emissions or potential mitigation options. This study investigated the effect of combined cattle dung and urine depositions on N2O and CH4 emissions, compared with emissions from separate depositions, under different weather conditions. Local emission factors (EFs) were then calculated for both gases. A quantitative assessment of published studies was also performed to search for N2O emissions drivers. Two field experiments were performed during two 98-day trials under dry and wet conditions in Tandil, Argentina. Treatments included fresh excreta patches of urine (0.75 L), dung (2.50 kg), dung + urine (2.50 kg + 0.75 L) from Holstein dairy cows, and a control (without excreta). Soil and excreta properties were analysed, and N2O and CH4 fluxes from the patches were measured using the static chamber technique. Patches containing dung were shown to be localised CH4 hotspots. Urine applied to soil, and the addition of urine to dung patches had a negligible effect on CH4 fluxes. Urine, dung and combined patches were found to be localised N2O sources. Adding urine to dung patches under wet weather had a significant synergetic effect (threefold increase) on cumulative N2O emissions compared with the theoretical sum of separate excreta patches. Adding urine to dung patches under dry conditions gave an additive effect on N2O. These findings suggest that preventing overlapping excreta patches under wet conditions can help mitigate N2O emissions from temperate managed grazed pastures. The effect of combining excreta patches was also evident in the EF values obtained. That for CH4 was consistent with the default IPCC value (0.75 g CH4 kg−1 VS), while N2O (EF = 0.03–0.39%) was lower than the updated IPCC 2019 value of 0.6%

Ultrasound Biomicroscopy Comparison of Ab Interno

Purpose. To compare ab interno and ab externo scleral fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses (PCIOL) using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). Methods. Randomized patients underwent ab externo or ab interno scleral fixation of a PCIOL. Ultrasound biomicroscopy was performed 3 to 6 months postoperatively, to determine PCIOL centration, IOL distance to the iris at 12, 3, 6, and 9 hours, and haptics placement in relation to the ciliary sulcus. Results. Fifteen patients were enrolled in the study. The ab externo technique was used in 7 eyes (46.6%) and the ab interno in 8 eyes (53.3%). In the ab externo technique, 14 haptics were located: 4 (28.57%) in the ciliary sulcus; 2 (14.28%) anterior to the sulcus; and 8 (57.14%) posterior to the sulcus, 6 in the ciliary body and 2 posterior to the ciliary body. In the ab interno group, 4 haptics (25.0%) were in the ciliary sulcus, 2 (12.50%) anterior to the sulcus, and 10 (75.0%) posterior to the sulcus, 4 in the ciliary body and 6 posterior to the ciliary body. Conclusions. Ab externo and ab interno scleral fixation techniques presented similar results in haptic placement. Ab externo technique presented higher vertical tilt when compared to the ab interno

Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal, dark septate endophytes and root anatomy in Fragaria ananassa var. Camino Real (Rosaceae) in the province of Tucumán, Argentina

En la provincia de Tucumán el cultivo de frutilla ocupa una superficie de 350 hectáreas. El mismo es invernal, con cosechas periódicas de fines de mayo a noviembre inclusive. Para evitar esta discontinuidad de producción, se incorporan al espectro de variedades precoces (Fortuna y Festival), variedades tardías, entre ellas Camino Real. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron estudiar las micorrizas vesículo-arbusculares, los endófitos septados oscuros y caracterizar la anatomía radical en Fragaria ananassa var. Camino Real en cultivo comercial en la provincia de Tucumán. El muestreo fue realizado en el INTA-EEA Famaillá, Tucumán, Argentina. Se recolectaron los sistemas radicales correspondientes a un total de 20 individuos; los que fueron tratados con técnicas convencionales. Los sistemas radicales de la variedad Camino Real presentan las células del parénquima cortical colonizadas por micorrizas vesículo-arbusculares con dos tipos morfológicos simultáneos: Arum y Paris, siendo la morfología Arum la de mayor frecuencia. Además, el tejido cortical presenta endófitos septados oscuros. La anatomía radical de la estructura primaria presenta una histología típica con estelas de tipo diarca a tetrarca. Mientras que la estructura secundaria de la raíz muestra diferentes estadios de crecimiento, con restos de epidermis y parénquima cortical adheridos a la polidermis en formación. Se describen por primera vez, para Argentina, las micorrizas vesículoarbusculares, los endófitos septados oscuros y la anatomía radical en Fragaria ananassa var. Camino Real.In the province of Tucumán strawberry cultivation occupies an area of 350 hectares. It is a winter crop, with periodic harvests since late May to November inclusive. To avoid this discontinuity of production, a late variety (Camino Real) was added to the spectrum of early varieties (Fortuna and Festival). This paper aims to evaluate the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza, dark septate endophytes and characterize the radical anatomy in Fragaria ananassa variety Camino Real in the province of Tucumán. The sampling was carried out at INTA-EEA Famaillá, Tucumán, Argentina. The radicals systems corresponding to 20 individuals were collected and treated with conventional techniques. The root systems of the variety Camino Real, show cortical parenchyma cells colonized by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae which have two simultaneous morphological types: Arum and Paris. The Arum morphology is the most frequent. In addition, the cortical tissue has dark septate endophytes. The radical anatomy of the primary structure presents a typical histology with diarca to tetrarch stela, while the secondary root structure show different stages of growth with traces of epidermis and cortical parenchyma attached to the polidermis in development. The vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae, dark septate endophytes and radical anatomy of Fragaria ananassa var. ‘Camino Real’ were described for the first time for ArgentinaFil: Lizarraga, Sofía Valentina. Fundación Miguel Lillo; ArgentinaFil: Ruiz, A. I.. Fundación Miguel Lillo; ArgentinaFil: Salazar, Sergio Miguel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Diaz Ricci, Juan Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Albornoz, Patricia Liliana. Fundación Miguel Lillo; Argentin

Legislação e integralidade da atenção à infância no Brasil: um estudo documental

Com o objetivo de analisar a aproximação entre as proposições legislativas que fundamentam políticas públicas\programas direcionados à primeira infância a nível nacional e os indicadores de integralidade da atenção recomendados internacionalmente no âmbito da Intervenção Precoce, foi desenvolvido um estudo documental, retrospectivo e de abordagem qualitativa, cujo levantamento dos dados foi realizado por pares, em meio virtual. Foram empregados os descritores “Primeira infância”, “Infância” e “Criança”, e incluídos os documentos que respeitavam os critérios de seleção. Foram analisados 8 documentos, os quais apresentaram-se organizados em núcleos segundo os quatro indicadores de integralidade da atenção: centralidade das famílias nas tomadas de decisão; valorização dos contextos naturais de aprendizagem; transdisciplinaridade das abordagens e coordenação e integração de serviços e recursos. Os resultados evidenciaram ser recente a incorporação da maioria dos indicadores de integralidade da atenção à infância recomendados internacionalmente, o que demonstra um lapso de décadas para o alinhamento com estratégias que vêm sendo fortemente fundamentadas na literatura científica desde os anos 80.Abstract With the objective of analyzing the approximation between the legislative proposals that underlie public policies\programs aimed at early childhood at the national level and the indicators of comprehensive care internationally recommended in the scope of Early Intervention, a documentary, retrospective study with a qualitative approach was developed, whose data collection was carried out by pairs, in a virtual environment. The descriptors “Early childhood”, “Childhood” and “Child” were used, and documents that met the selection criteria were included. Eight documents were analyzed, which were organized into nuclei according to the four indicators of comprehensive care: centrality of families in decision-making; appreciation of natural learning contexts; transdisciplinary approaches and coordination and integration of services and resources. The results showed that the incorporation of most indicators of comprehensiveness of childhood care recommended internationally is recent, which demonstrates a lapse of decades for alignment with strategies that have been strongly based in the scientific literature since the 1980s.Resumen Con el fin de analizar la aproximación entre las propuestas legislativas que sustentan los programas/públicos dirigidos a las pautas recomendadas por primera vez en el ámbito de la Atención Temprana, se desarrolló un estudio prospectivo documental con enfoque cualitativo internacional, cuya recolección de datos se llevó a cabo por pares, en un entorno virtual. Se utilizaron los descriptores “Primera infancia”, “Infancia” y “Niño”, y se incluyeron los documentos que cumplieron con los criterios de selección. Se analizaron ocho documentos, los cuales fueron organizados en núcleos según los cuatro indicadores de atención integral: centralidad de las familias en la toma de decisiones; apreciación de los contextos naturales de aprendizaje; enfoques transdisciplinarios y coordinación e integración de servicios y recursos. Los resultados mostraron que la incorporación de la mayoría de los indicadores de integralidad de la atención infantil recomendados internacionalmente es reciente, lo que demuestra un lapso de décadas para el alineamiento con estrategias que han sido fuertemente fundamentadas en la literatura científica desde la década de 1980.Résumé Dans le but d'analyser le rapprochement entre les propositions législatives qui sous-tendent les politiques/programmes publics visant la petite enfance au niveau national et les indicateurs de prise en charge globale préconisés à l'échelle internationale dans le cadre de l'Intervention Précoce, une étude documentaire rétrospective avec une approche qualitative a été développé., dont la collecte de données a été réalisée par binôme, dans un environnement virtuel. Les descripteurs « Petite enfance », « Enfance » et « Enfant » ont été utilisés et les documents répondant aux critères de sélection ont été inclus. Huit documents ont été analysés, qui ont été organisés en noyaux selon les quatre indicateurs de prise en charge globale: centralité des familles dans la prise de décision; appréciation des contextes naturels d'apprentissage; approches transdisciplinaires et coordination et intégration des services et des ressources. Les résultats ont montré que l'incorporation de la plupart des indicateurs d'exhaustivité des soins à l'enfance recommandés au niveau international est récente, ce qui démontre un laps de décennies pour l'alignement avec des stratégies fortement ancrées dans la littérature scientifique depuis les années 1980.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Evaluación del modelo de negocio de Biocomercio para el Desarrollo Sostenible de las comunidades nativas productoras de plantas medicinales, región San Martín

La investigación tiene como objetivo principal evaluar el aporte del modelo de negocio de Biocomercio al desarrollo sostenible de las comunidades nativas productoras de plantas medicinales, región San Martín; y como objetivos específicos: a) Elaborar el mapa de la cadena de valor de plantas medicinales, b) Evaluar los principios y criterios del Biocomercio implementados por el Laboratorio Takiwasi, c) Caracterizar las comunidades nativas productoras de plantas medicinales determinando la calidad de relación entre ambos actores, e d) Identificar la contribución del cumplimiento de los principios y criterios del Biocomercio en las comunidades nativas, a los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible. Se desarrolla en cuatro etapas; la primera, consiste en realizar un mapeo de la cadena de valor de plantas medicinales utilizando la metodología value links; la segunda, se concentra en evaluar la implementación de los principios y criterios del Biocomercio en Takiwasi a través de la matriz desarrollada por Perúbiodiverso; la tercera, consiste en caracterizar a las comunidades nativas considerando la sostenibilidad social, ambiental y económica en el contexto del modelo de negocio; y la cuarta etapa, busca identificar la contribución del cumplimiento de los principios y criterios del Biocomercio en las comunidades nativas, a los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible, mediante una matriz de relación. Se presume que la implementación del modelo de negocios permite la distribución justa y equitativa de los beneficios a partir de los acuerdos entre el Laboratorio Takiwasi y las comunidades nativas proveedoras de plantas medicinales, como hipótesis de la investigación. Al respecto, el Laboratorio Takiwasi presentó una calificación excelente de más de 92 puntos en cuanto a la implementación de Principios y Criterios de Biocomercio, la misma que en referencia al involucramiento de las comunidades nativas como proveedoras de plantas medicinales, contribuyó a los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible números 1; 2; 3; 5; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12; 13; 15; 16; 17; principalmente por la transferencia de beneficios a las comunidades en mención.Tesi

Colonização nasal por Staphylococcus aureus em indivíduos com HIV/Aids atendidos em um hospital-escola brasileiro

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the prevalence of nasal colonization with Staphylococcus aureus in individuals with HIV/AIDS under inpatient treatment in a teaching hospital in the state of São Paulo (Brazil). METHOD: a cross-sectional study undertaken in two units specialized in attending people living with HIV/AIDS, in the period August 2011 - July 2012. Socio-demographic and clinical data was collected through individual interviews and from the medical records; samples of nasal secretion were collected with Stuart swabs on the first day of inpatient treatment. Ethical aspects were respected. RESULT: of the 229 individuals with HIV/AIDS hospitalized in this period, 169 participated in the study, with Staphylococcus aureus being identified in the culture tests of 46 (27.2%) of the individuals, resistance to oxacillin being evidenced in 10 (21.8%) participants. CONCLUSION: the results of the research indicate that the prevalence of colonization with Staphylococcus aureus in individuals with HIV/AIDS in the specialized units was considered relevant, possibly contributing to future investigations and, moreover, to the implementation of measures to prevent and control this pathogen in this population.OBJETIVO: evaluar la prevalencia de la colonización nasal por Staphylococcus aureus en individuos con VIH/sida internados en un hospital escuela del Estado de São Paulo (Brasil). MÉTODO: estudio trasversal, desarrollado en dos unidades especializadas en la atención a personas que viven con VIH/ sida, en el período de agosto del 2011 a julio del 2012. Fueron recolectados datos sociodemográficos y clínicos, mediante entrevista individual y archivo; las muestras de secreción nasal fueron recolectadas mediante Swab Stuart en el primer día de internación. Los aspectos éticos fueron contemplados. RESULTADOS: de los 229 individuos con VIH/sida internados en el período, 169 participaron del estudio, siendo identificado Staphylococcus aureus en las pruebas de cultura de 46 (27,2%) de los individuos, evidenciándose resistencia a la oxacilina en 10 (21,8%) participantes. CONCLUSIÓN: los resultados de la investigación indican que la prevalencia de la colonización por Staphylococcus aureus en individuos con VIH/sida internados en las unidades especializadas fue considerada relevante y puede contribuir a otras investigaciones y, además, para implementar medidas de prevención y de control de ese patógeno en esa población.OBJETIVO: avaliar a prevalência da colonização nasal por Staphylococcus aureus em indivíduos com HIV/Aids internados em um hospital-escola do Estado de São Paulo (Brasil). MÉTODO: estudo de corte transversal, realizado em duas unidades especializadas no atendimento a pessoas que vivem com HIV/ Aids, no período de agosto 2011 a julho 2012. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos e clínicos, por entrevista individual e prontuário; as amostras de secreção nasal foram coletadas por meio de swab Stuart no primeiro dia de internação. Os aspectos éticos foram contemplados. RESULTADOS: dos 229 indivíduos com HIV/Aids internados no período, 169 participaram do estudo, sendo identificado Staphylococcus aureus nos exames de cultura de 46 (27,2%) dos indivíduos, evidenciando-se resistência à oxacilina em 10 (21,8%) participantes. CONCLUSÃO: os resultados da pesquisa apontam que a prevalência da colonização por Staphylococcus aureus em indivíduos com HIV/Aids internados nas unidades especializadas foi considerada relevante, podendo contribuir para novas investigações e, ainda, para implementar medidas de prevenção e de controle desse patógeno nessa população