Fenótipos de resistência antimicrobiana epidemiologicamente importantes em culturas de vigilância de um serviço terciário de saúde em Aracaju-SE

Introduction: The constant emergence and spread of bacterial phenotypes of resistance to multiple drugs has become a public health problem worldwide. Objective: To investigate the occurrence of critical antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in bacteria isolated from surveillance cultures. Method: Microbiological data were collected from surveillance cultures performed between January and December 2015 at a tertiary health service. 1,590 surveillance cultures using the VITEK 2 system for phenotypic identification and susceptibility to antimicrobials of the isolates were analyzed. The detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) was performed using the approach disc and carbapenem resistance method and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) using diffusion disc methods. The detection of bacteria carrying the blaKPC, blaNDM and blaOXA-48 genes was carried out through the polymerase chain reaction in house  Results: The analysis identified 201 (12.64%) ESBL phenotypes, 173 (11.87%) resistant to carbapenems and 3 (0.18%) MRSA. 34 strains carrying genes encoding carbapenemases were detected, where 23 (67.64%) carried the blaKPC gene, 8 (23.53%) blaNDM and 3 (8.82%) both genes. Conclusions: It is a challenge to control the spread of critical resistance bacterial phenotypes. The predominance of ESBL in the referent hospital, as well as  the occurrence of genes that have not been reported for carbapenemases until then, confirm the importance of epidemiological surveillance and the encouragement of subsequent research.Introdução: O constante surgimento e a disseminação de fenótipos bacterianos de resistência a múltiplas drogas têm se tornado problemas de saúde pública em todo o mundo. Objetivo: Investigar a ocorrência de fenótipos críticos de resistência aos antimicrobianos em bactérias isoladas de culturas de vigilância. Método: Os dados microbiológicos foram coletados a partir de culturas de vigilância realizadas entre janeiro e dezembro de 2015 em um serviço terciário de saúde. Foram analisadas 1.590 culturas de vigilância utilizando o sistema VITEK 2 para identificação fenotípica e suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos dos isolados. A detecção de β-lactamases de espectro estendido (ESBL) foi realizada por método de disco aproximação e a resistência aos carbapenêmicos e Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina (MRSA) por métodos de disco difusão. A detecção de bactérias portadoras dos genes blaKPC, blaNDM e blaOXA-48 foi realizada através da reação em cadeia da polimerase in house. Resultados: Foram identificadas 201 (12,64%) fenótipos de ESBL, 173 (11,87%) de resistência aos carbapenêmicos e 3 (0,18%) de MRSA. Foram detectadas 34 cepas portadoras de genes codificadores de carbapenemases, onde 23 (67,64%) carreavam o gene blaKPC, oito (23,53%) o blaNDM e três (8,82%) ambos os genes. Conclusões: É um desafio controlar a disseminação de fenótipos críticos de resistência bacterianos. O predomínio de ESBL no referente hospital, assim como a ocorrência de genes codificadores de carbapenemases até então não relatados, ratificam a importância da vigilância epidemiológica e do incentivo a pesquisas subsequentes

A rare case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma of the hard palate

Carcinoma Ex-Pleomorphic Adenoma (CExPA) is a salivary gland carcinoma derived from a primary or recurrent benign pleomorphic adenoma (PA) extremely rare in minor salivary glands. In this paper, we report the case of a male afrodescendant patient, 37 years old, presenting a palatal irregular nodular lesion with approximately 3.5 cm diameter. The lesion had over two years of evolution, but started growing faster and presenting pain and ulceration in the last two months. The incisional biopsy revealed a typical pleomorphic adenoma with focal areas of nests of epidermoid and mucous cells, as well as microcyst formations, resembling the mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed positivity for CK7, CK13, CK 14, p63 and Ki67 (about 30%), whereas alpha-SMA was restricted to the PA component. The diagnosis was CExPA (MEC-type). A discussion on the histopathological and immunohistochemical criteria for differential diagnosis of CExPA is provided in this work, hoping to contribute to a better knowledge and understanding of this rare malignant tumor. Key words:Salivary gland neoplasms, pleomorphic adenoma, adenocarcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, pathology, differential diagnosis

Correction: Diniz et al. Silver Nanoparticles-Composing Alginate/Gelatine Hydrogel Improves Wound Healing In Vivo. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 390

In the original publication, there was a mistake in Figure 6 as published [...]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Silver nanoparticles-composing alginate/gelatine hydrogel improves wound healing in vivo

Polymer hydrogels have been suggested as dressing materials for the treatment of cutaneous wounds and tissue revitalization. In this work, we report the development of a hydrogel composed of natural polymers (sodium alginate and gelatin) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with recognized antimicrobial activity for healing cutaneous lesions. For the development of the hydrogel, different ratios of sodium alginate and gelatin have been tested, while different concentrations of AgNO3 precursor (1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mM) were assayed for the production of AgNPs. The obtained AgNPs exhibited a characteristic peak between 430450 nm in the ultraviolet-visible (UVVis) spectrum suggesting a spheroidal form, which was confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR) analysis suggested the formation of strong intermolecular interactions as hydrogen bonds and electrostatic attractions between polymers, showing bands at 2920, 2852, 1500, and 1640 cm1. Significant bactericidal activity was observed for the hydrogel, with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 0.50 µg/mL against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 53.0 µg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus. AgNPs were shown to be non-cytotoxic against fibroblast cells. The in vivo studies in female Wister rats confirmed the capacity of the AgNP-loaded hydrogels to reduce the wound size compared to uncoated injuries promoting histological changes in the healing tissue over the time course of wound healing, as in earlier development and maturation of granulation tissue. The developed hydrogel with AgNPs has healing potential for clinical applications.This research received funding from the Coordenação Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Sergipe (FAPITEC), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, #443238/2014-6, #470388/2014-5), and from the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT) projects M-ERA-NET/0004/2015 (PAIRED) and UIDB/04469/2020 (strategic fund).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Cyclodextrin-complexed Ocimum basilicum leaves essential oil increases fos protein expression in the central nervous system and produce an antihyperalgesic effect in animal models for fibromyalgia

O. basilicum leaves produce essential oils (LEO) rich in monoterpenes. The short half-life and water insolubility are limitations for LEO medical uses. β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) has been employed to improve the pharmacological properties of LEO. We assessed the antihyperalgesic profile of LEO, isolated or complexed in β-CD (LEO/β-CD), on an animal model for fibromyalgia. Behavioral tests: mice were treated every day with either LEO/β-CD (25, 50 or 100 mg/kg, p.o.), LEO (25 mg/kg, p.o.), tramadol (TRM 4 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle (saline), and 60 min after treatment behavioral parameters were assessed. Therefore, mice were evaluated for mechanical hyperalgesia (von Frey), motor coordination (Rota-rod) and muscle strength (Grip Strength Metter) in a mice fibromyalgia model. After 27 days, we evaluated the central nervous system (CNS) pathways involved in the effect induced by experimental drugs through immunofluorescence protocol to Fos protein. The differential scanning analysis (DSC), thermogravimetry/derivate thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) and infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR) curves indicated that the products prepared were able to incorporate the LEO efficiently. Oral treatment with LEO or LEO-βCD, at all doses tested, produced a significant reduction of mechanical hyperalgesia and we were able to significantly increase Fos protein expression. Together, our results provide evidence that LEO, isolated or complexed with β-CD, produces analgesic effects on chronic non-inflammatory pain as fibromyalgia

Cyclodextrin-complexed Ocimum basilicum leaves essential oil increases fos protein expression in the central nervous system and produce an antihyperalgesic effect in animal models for fibromyalgia

O. basilicum leaves produce essential oils (LEO) rich in monoterpenes. The short half-life and water insolubility are limitations for LEO medical uses. β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) has been employed to improve the pharmacological properties of LEO. We assessed the antihyperalgesic profile of LEO, isolated or complexed in β-CD (LEO/β-CD), on an animal model for fibromyalgia. Behavioral tests: mice were treated every day with either LEO/β-CD (25, 50 or 100 mg/kg, p.o.), LEO (25 mg/kg, p.o.), tramadol (TRM 4 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle (saline), and 60 min after treatment behavioral parameters were assessed. Therefore, mice were evaluated for mechanical hyperalgesia (von Frey), motor coordination (Rota-rod) and muscle strength (Grip Strength Metter) in a mice fibromyalgia model. After 27 days, we evaluated the central nervous system (CNS) pathways involved in the effect induced by experimental drugs through immunofluorescence protocol to Fos protein. The differential scanning analysis (DSC), thermogravimetry/derivate thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) and infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR) curves indicated that the products prepared were able to incorporate the LEO efficiently. Oral treatment with LEO or LEO-βCD, at all doses tested, produced a significant reduction of mechanical hyperalgesia and we were able to significantly increase Fos protein expression. Together, our results provide evidence that LEO, isolated or complexed with β-CD, produces analgesic effects on chronic non-inflammatory pain as fibromyalgia

Combinação de Fatores de Escalonamentos de Deslocamentos Químicos de RMN de 13C e 1H (baseados em Regressões Lineares) e de Redes Neurais para Auxiliar a Determinação Estrutural da Savinina / Combination of Scaling Factors of 13C and 1H NMR Chemical Shifts (based on Linear Regressions) and Neural Networks to Aid the Structural Determination of Savinin

Este é um trabalho teórico-experimental, onde a molécula de foco do estudo é a savinina, um lignano do tipo dibenzilbutyrolactónico, substâncias que podem ser encontradas em vários géneros, um dos quais com maior ocorrência é o género Acanthopanax (Araliaceae) que é tradicionalmente utilizado como analgésico e estimulante do sistema imunitário, para além de exibir uma potente actividade insecticida e citotóxica para células do carcinoma do cólon humano HCT116. Foi isolado e aqui apresentamos a sua caracterização experimental e teórica através de dados 13C e 1H NMR e a possível confirmação da estrutura utilizando a ferramenta de rede neural (ANN-PRA). O objectivo deste trabalho é utilizar cálculos teóricos de 13C e 1H NMR e dados experimentais para a resolução da estrutura da savana, e a utilização da ferramenta de rede neural (ANN-PRA) para confirmar a estrutura da molécula

Cálculos de RMN de 13C por meio das Abordagens GIAO, CSGT e IGAIM: Fatores de Escalonamentos para Terpenos / 13C NMR calculations using the GIAO, CSGT and IGAIM Approaches: Scaling Factors for Terpenes

Os terpenos são produtos naturais que apresentam diversas propriedades biológicas e farmacológicas diretamente relacionadas às suas estruturas químicas. Na determinação estrutural de moléculas orgânicas, a Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (RMN) é usada em larga escala. O deslocamento químico (?) sendo o parâmetro mais importante. O presente estudo tem como objetivo desenvolver e testar (a molécula de elemol será utilizada para esse fim) fatores de escala ? de 13C a terpenos, com base em regressões lineares. 10 moléculas complexas de sesquiterpeno foram selecionadas com as estruturas inequivocamente determinadas (confirmadas com cristalografia de raios-X). As geometrias foram otimizadas no nível B3LYP / 6-311 + G (d, p), na fase gasosa, e o ? será obtido no nível PBE0 / aug-cc-pvdz com três abordagens diferentes GIAO, CSGT e IGAIM , na fase gasosa e líquida, onde foi utilizado o modelo PCM (modelo contínuo polarizado). O TMS (tetrametilsilano) foi utilizado como referência e os dados experimentais de 13C foram obtidos em clorofórmio. Os resultados do RMS escalonado para os terpenos usados para gerar os fatores de escalonamento mostram que quando os efeitos do solvente são levados em consideração, mesmo que implicitamente, há uma melhora na reprodução dos dados experimentais. No entanto, a diferença nos valores RMS escalados não é grande o suficiente para justificar levar em consideração as interações com o solvente, pelo menos com o modelo PCM. É interessante notar que com o nível teórico PBE0 / aug-cc-pvdz, o método GIAO apresentou desempenho inferior aos outros 2 utilizados. Outro ponto interessante é que seu tempo de cálculo, de acordo com as simulações geradas neste trabalho, foi, em média, 30% maior que o CSGT e IGAIM. Assim, para estudos com terpenos, com esse nível de teoria, o uso do método GIAO não é indicado

Combinação de Fatores de Escalonamentos de Deslocamentos Químicos de RMN de 13C e 1H (baseados em Regressões Lineares) e de Redes Neurais para Auxiliar a Determinação Estrutural da Savinina / Combination of 13C and 1H NMR Chemical Shift Scaling Factors (based on Linear Regressions) and Neural Networks to Aid Savinina Structural Determination

Este é um estudo teórico-experimental, onde a molécula foco é a savinina, uma lignana do tipo dibenzilbutirolactônica. Estas substâncias podem ser encontradas em diversos gêneros botânicos, sendo um dos de maior ocorrência o gênero Acanthopanax (Araliaceae), cujas espécies são tradicionalmente utilizadas como analgésico e estimulante do sistema imune, além de exibirem potentes atividade inseticida e citotóxica para células de carcinoma de cólon humano HCT116. Assim, no presente estudo apresentamos a caracterização experimental e teórica da savinina utilizando dados de RMN de 13C e 1H e a possível confirmação da estrutura utilizando a ferramenta de rede neural (ANN-PRA). O objetivo deste trabalho é utilizar cálculos teóricos de RMN de 13C e 1H e dados experimentais para a resolução da estrutura deste composto, além do uso da ferramenta de rede neural (ANN PRA) para confirmação da estrutura da molécula

Risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among front-line healthcare workers in Northeast Brazil : a respondent-driven sampling approach

Objectives We assessed the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, personal protective equipment (PPE) shortages and occurrence of biological accidents among front-line healthcare workers (HCW). Design, setting and participants Using respondent-driven sampling, the study recruited distinct categories of HCW attending suspected or confirmed patients with COVID-19 from May 2020 to February 2021, in the Recife metropolitan area, Northeast Brazil. Outcome measures The criterion to assess SARS-CoV-2 infection among HCW was a positive self-reported PCR test. Results We analysed 1525 HCW: 527 physicians, 471 registered nurses, 263 nursing assistants and 264 physical therapists. Women predominated in all categories (81.1%; 95% CI: 77.8% to 84.1%). Nurses were older with more comorbidities (hypertension and overweight/obesity) than the other staff. The overall prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 61.8% (95% CI: 55.7% to 67.5%) after adjustment for the cluster random effect, weighted by network, and the reference population size. Risk factors for a positive RT-PCR test were being a nursing assistant (OR adjusted: 2.56; 95% CI: 1.42 to 4.61), not always using all recommended PPE while assisting patients with COVID-19 (OR adj: 2.15; 95% CI: 1.02 to 4.53) and reporting a splash of biological fluid/respiratory secretion in the eyes (OR adj: 3.37; 95% CI: 1.10 to 10.34). Conclusions This study shows the high frequency of SARS-CoV2 infection among HCW presumably due to workplace exposures. In our setting, nursing assistant comprised the most vulnerable category. Our findings highlight the need for improving healthcare facility environments, specific training and supervision to cope with public health emergencies