O uso de 2,2,2-tricloro-1-ariletanonas como agentes benzoilantes

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciencias Fisicas e MatematicasA preparação de diversas amidas e hidrazidas pela reação de 2,2,2-tricloro-1-ariletanona com diferentes nucleófilos demostrou ser um processo sintético geral, de fácil execução e com elevados rendimentos. As reações processam-se rapidamente com aminas alifáticas e mais lentamente com aminas aromáticas, sendo neste caso necessária a presença de uma amina terciária como catalisador. O estudo da seletividade das 2,2,2-tricloro-1-ariletanonas (1) frente ao nucleófilo anfifílico etanolamina é também apresentado, bem como os resultados preliminares da reação de (1) com mercaptanas

EFEITO DO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DAS FOLHAS DE Drimys angustifolia EM COLÔNIAS DE Acromyrmex spp. EM PLANTIO DE Pinus taeda

Ants cause damage and economic losses in plantation forests, mainly in Pinus taeda; their control implies agrochemicals that can contaminate the ecological processes, and the search for alternative ways to control these insects in the forest activities is a desirable practice. Among the various existing alternative forms of control, such as the habitat management and biological control, there is the control with use of extracts and essential oils of plants with insecticidal properties. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the essential oil extracted from the leaves of Drimys angustifolia, in colonies of leaf cutting ants of the genus Acromyrmex spp., in planting P. taeda, as an alternative control. The essential oil was applied in two treatments with 100% and 10% concentrations within eight active nests with a hand sprayer and compared with four nests as control. The final result showed that the eight nests treated with the oil were abandoned, highlighting the potential activity of the essential oil to ants, compared to control nests that remained active. The essential oil of D. angustifolia exhibited potential to be applied as alternative control of leaf-cutting ants of the genus Acromyrmex.Formigas causam danos e perdas econômicas em florestas plantadas, principalmente em plantios de Pinus taeda, e no seu controle são utilizados agroquímicos que podem contaminar os processos ecológicos, sendo que a busca por formas alternativas de controle destes insetos nas atividades florestais é prática desejável. Entre as várias formas de controle alternativo existentes, como o manejo do habitat e o controle biológico, há o controle com a utilização de extratos e óleos essenciais obtidos de plantas com propriedades inseticidas. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do óleo essencial extraído das folhas de Drimys angustifolia, em colônias de formigas cortadeiras do gênero Acromyrmex spp., em plantio de P. taeda, como alternativa de controle. O óleo essencial foi aplicado em dois tratamentos com concentração de 100% e 10% no interior de oito formigueiros ativos com um pulverizador manual e comparado com quatro formigueiros de controle. O resultado final demonstrou que os oito formigueiros tratados com óleo estavam abandonados, evidenciando a potencial atividade do óleo essencial sobre as formigas, comparado com os formigueiros de controle que se mantiveram ativos. O óleo essencial de D. angustifolia apresentou potencial para ser aplicado como controle alternativo de formigas cortadeiras do gênero Acromyrmex. AbstractEffect of essential oil from leaves of Drimys angustifolia in colonies of Acromyrmex spp. in pinus taeda planting. Ants cause damage and economic losses in plantation forests, mainly in Pinus taeda; their control implies agrochemicals that can contaminate the ecological processes, and the search for alternative ways to control these insects in the forest activities is a desirable practice. Among the various existing alternative forms of control, such as the habitat management and biological control, there is the control with use of extracts and essential oils of plants with insecticidal properties. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the essential oil extracted from the leaves of Drimys angustifolia, in colonies of leaf cutting ants of the genus Acromyrmex spp., in planting P. taeda, as an alternative control. The essential oil was applied in two treatments with 100% and 10% concentrations within eight active nests with a hand sprayer and compared with four nests as control. The final result showed that the eight nests treated with the oil were abandoned, highlighting the potential activity of the essential oil to ants, compared to control nests that remained active. The essential oil of D. angustifolia exhibited potential to be applied as alternative control of leaf-cutting ants of the genus Acromyrmex.Keywords:  Leaf cutting ants; alternative control; extraction by steam distillation; bark-of-anta; secondary metabolites.

SÍNTESE E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO NÚCLEO PIRIDO[2,3-g]QUINOLÍNICO SUBSTITUÍDO E AVALIAÇÃO DE SUAS PROPRIEDADES CITOTÓXICAS

Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde, a leishmaniose e a tripanossomíase são problemas crescentes de saúde pública, sendo endêmicos particularmente na América Latina. Os fármacos utilizados no tratamento destas doenças foram desenvolvidos há muitas décadas, e apresentam pouca eficácia e fortes efeitos colaterais. As piridoquinolinas são compostos heterocíclicos diazaantracênicos que apresentam propriedades citotóxicas. A importância biológica das piridoquinolinas e o interesse em descobrir novos agentes leishmanicidas e tripanocidas estimularam a síntese de pirido[2,3–g]quinolinas substituídas, e a avaliação do seu potencial leishmanicida e tripanocida. Assim, este trabalho descreve a síntese de piridoquinolinas empregando a reação de termociclização do bis-aduto fenilenodiamínico do ácido de Meldrum. O 2,5-dimetil-1,4-bis[(2,2-dimetil-4,6-dioxo-1,3-dioxano-5-ilidenometil)amino]-benzeno foi obtido em bom rendimento pela condensação do ácido de Meldrum com a 2,5-dimetil-1,4-fenilenodiamina em ortoformato de trimetila. A termociclização em éter difenílico foi acompanhada pela eliminação espontânea de acetona e dióxido de carbono gerando o diazatriciclo, que foi clorado sem prévia purificação com oxicloreto de fósforo originando a 4,9-dicloro-5,10-dimetil-pirido[2,3-g]quinolina, em rendimentos baixos. A reação de substituição nucleofílica com o 2-amino-5-dietilaminopentano foi repetida várias vezes em diferentes condições reacionais, mas não se obteve o produto esperado, necessitando da busca de novos procedimentos e otimização das condições de reação. Os compostos obtidos foram caracterizados por técnicas espectroscópicas de IV e RMN 1H. A avaliação das propriedades leishmanicida e tripanocida foi feita para o composto 4,9-dicloro-5,10-dimetil-pirido[2,3-g]quinolina, porém o mesmo não apresentou qualquer atividade

Trophic niche changes associated with the eradication of invasive mammals in an insular lizard: an assessment using isotopes

Invasive species are a major threat to island biodiversity, and their eradications have substantially contributed to the conservation of island endemics. However, the consequences of eradications on the trophic ecology of native taxa are largely unexplored. Here, we used the eradication of invasive black rats Rattus rattus and European rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus from the Berlenga Island, in the western coast of Portugal, as a whole-ecosystem experiment to investigate the effects of the eradication of invasive mammals on the trophic niche and body dimensions of the island-restricted Berlenga wall lizard Podarcis carbonelli berlengensis over a 2-year period. Our results suggest an expansion of the isotopic niche and an intensification of the sexual dimorphism of the lizard following mammal eradication. Additionally, we found considerable variability in isotopic niche across the island and detected evidence of sex-specific and season-modulated nutritional requirements of this threatened reptile. Our findings support that the eradication of 2 of the planets most problematic invasive vertebrates led to changes in the lizard trophic niche and sexual dimorphism in just 2 years. This suggests that the ecological pressuresfor example, prey availability and habitat structureto which lizards are exposed have substantially changed post-eradication. Our study emphasizes the scientific value of island eradications as experiments to address a wide range of ecological questions and adds to the increasing body of evidence supporting substantial conservation gains associated with these restoration interventions.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Genetic variants of the IFITM3 gene reveal a potential modifier of influenza severity

As epidemias de gripe representam um sério problema de saúde pública com elevados custos económicos. Foi sugerido que um dos alelos do gene IFITM3 (rs12252-C) constitui um impor tante fator de risco de base populacional para as formas graves da gripe por infeção pelo vírus A(H1N1)pdm09. Analisámos variantes do IFITM3 associadas à gravidade da doença em doentes por tugueses (n=41). Foram identificados sete SNPs no amplicão de 352bp do IFITM3 em torno do rs12252. De acordo com HapMap, o SNP rs34481144 per tence ao mesmo bloco de desequilíbrio de ligação (LD) que rs12252, e está em LD com rs6421983. A associação negativa com formas sintomáticas graves em relação a ligeiras obser vada para o alelo rs34481144-A é sugestiva de um efeito protetor no modelo de hereditariedade dominante. Para além disso, o haplótipo Hap4 com rs34481144-A, e sem o rs12252-C, mostrou estar significativamente associado a gripe sintomaticamente ligeira. Por outro lado, apesar de a um nível de significância limiar, o haplótipo Hap1 com rs34481144-G, sem rs12252-C, mostrou-se associado à gripe com sintomatologia grave. Em comparação com a população por tuguesa em geral, foram obser vadas diferenças significativas nas frequências do alelo possivelmente protetor rs34481144-A no grupo com sintomatologia grave, do Hap1 deletério no grupo com sintomatologia ligeira e do Hap4 protetor no grupo com doença grave. A proporção de casos com sintomas graves que poderiam ser evitados se todos os indivíduos da população apresentassem o alelo protetor rs34481144-A foi estimada em 56% e 64%, respetivamente na população em geral e no grupo de indivíduos com doença ligeira. A implicação destas variantes nos fenótipos da doença necessita de estudos de validação, nomeadamente de natureza funcional.Influenza epidemics are a serious global public health and economic problem. The IFITM3 allele (rs12252-C) was suggested as a strong population-based genetic risk factor for severe influenza virus infection by A(H1N1)pdm09. We analyzed IFITM3 variants for association to influenza severity in Por tuguese patients (n=41). Seven SNPs, within the 352bp IFITM3 amplicon around rs12252, were identified. According to HapMap SNP rs34481144 belongs to the same linkage disequilibrium (LD) block as rs12252, and is in strong LD with rs6421983. A negative association with severe relative to mild disease was obser ved for allele rs34481144-A, indicating a protective ef fect under the dominant model. Moreover, haplotype Hap4 with rs34481144-A, not including rs12252-C, was significantly associated to mild influenza. Conversely, although with borderline significance, haplotype Hap1 with rs34481144-G, not including rs12252-C, was associated to severe disease. Moreover, in comparison to the general Por tuguese population, statistical significant dif ferences in the frequencies of the protective allele rs34481144-A in the severe disease group, the deleterious Hap1 in the mild disease group and the protective Hap4 in the severe disease group, were obser ved. The population attributable risk (PAR) for the targeted rs34481144 allele or genotype was of 55.91% and 64.44% in the general population and the mildly infected individuals, respectively. Implication of these variants in disease phenotype needs fur ther validation, namely through functional analysis.Este trabalho foi financiado pela Fundação Luso-Americana para o Desenvolvimento (LACR Award program - 2007) e pela Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal, (POCTI/ESP/44826/2002), com a comparticipação dos fundos da Comunidade Europeia (FEDER).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Diabetes Mellitus tipo 3 e exercício físico: relações entre obesidade, resistência insulínica e distúrbios cognitivos

Introdução e objetivo: O Diabetes Mellitus tipo 3 (DM3) é um termo recentemente proposto para se referir à relação entre obesidade, resistência insulínica, diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e distúrbios cognitivos. O estudo apresenta evidências acerca do DM3, e mostra o papel do exercício físico como tratamento não farmacológico para o DM3. Materiais eMétodos: Foi realizada uma revisão de artigos publicados entre 2000  e 2016 nas bases de dados MEDLINE e LILACS. Todas as etapas do processo de revisão foram realizadas por dois pesquisadores independentes. Resultados e discussão: Verificou-se a relação de distúrbios neurológicos e cognitivos com alterações cardiometabólicas; resistência à insulina e o processo inflamatório presente na obesidade. O exercício físico (EF) teve efeitos benéficos em diversos fatores de risco para o DM3. O termo DM3 salienta a influência de condições como obesidade, resistência à insulina e diabetes mellitus tipo 2 no desenvolvimento da doença de Alzheimer. Conclusão: O EF mostrou ser uma importante estratégia de prevenção/tratamento do DM3. São necessários mais estudos sobre as modalidades de EF visando consolidar conhecimentos para a elaboração de diretrizes na prescrição do EF no contexto do DM3. ABSTRACT Type 3 diabetes and physical exercise: intercourses on obesity, insulin resistance and cognitive disordersIntroduction and objective: Type 3 Diabetes Mellitus (DM3) is a term recently proposed to refer to the relationship between obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cognitive disorders. The study presents evidences about the DM3 and shows the role of physical exercise as a non-pharmacological treatment for DM3. Materials and Methods: It was performed a review of papers published between 2000 and 2016 from MEDLINE and LILACS databases. All stages of the review process have been conducted in two independent researchers. Results and discussion: It was observed the relationship between neurological and cognitive disorders with cardiometabolic alterations, insulin resistance and obesity related inflammatory process. Physical exercise (PE) showed beneficial effects on several risk factors for DM3. The term DM3 emphasizes the influence of conditions such as obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus on the Alzheimer's disease development. Conclusion: The PE has shown to be an important prevention/treatment strategy. Further studies are needed in PE modalities to consolidate the knowledge in the development of guidelines for PE prescription in the context of DM3

Composição química e avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana do óleo essencial das folhas de Piper malacophyllum (C. Presl.) C. DC.

This work reports the chemical composition as well as the antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activities of the leaf essential oil from Piper malacophyllum. The oil was extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-FID, GC-MS and polarimetry. Among the 28 compounds identified, (+)-camphor was the major constituent. The essential oil showed activity against most of the microorganisms tested, especially antifungal action, with a MIC of 500 µg mL-1 against Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Cryptococcus neoformans. This is the first study reporting the composition and biological properties of leaf essential oil from P. malacophyllum

Acinic cell carcinoma of the oral and maxillofacial region: an international multicenter study

Abstract The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence, clinicopathological, and prognostic features of acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC) of the oral and maxillofacial region. AciCC cases were retrospectively retrieved from 11 pathology centers of three different countries. Medical records were examined to extract demographic, clinical, pathologic, and follow-up information. A total of 75 cases were included. Females (65.33%) with a mean age of 45.51 years were mostly affected. The lesions usually presented as an asymptomatic (64.28%) nodule (95.66%) in the parotid gland (70.68%). The association of two histopathological patterns was the most common finding (48.93%) and the tumors presented mainly conventional histopathological grades (86.11%). Surgical treatment was performed in the majority of the cases (59.19%). Local recurrence was observed in 20% of the informed cases, regional metastasis in 30.43%, and distant metastasis in 12.50%. The statistical analysis showed that the cases with a solid histopathological pattern (p=0.01), high-grade transformation (p=0.008), recurrence (p=0.007), and regional metastasis (p=0.03) were associated with poor survival. In conclusion, high histopathological transformation, presence of nodal metastasis, and recurrence were prognostic factors for AciCC of the oral and maxillofacial region

The complete genome sequence of Chromobacterium violaceum reveals remarkable and exploitable bacterial adaptability

Chromobacterium violaceum is one of millions of species of free-living microorganisms that populate the soil and water in the extant areas of tropical biodiversity around the world. Its complete genome sequence reveals (i) extensive alternative pathways for energy generation, (ii) ≈500 ORFs for transport-related proteins, (iii) complex and extensive systems for stress adaptation and motility, and (iv) wide-spread utilization of quorum sensing for control of inducible systems, all of which underpin the versatility and adaptability of the organism. The genome also contains extensive but incomplete arrays of ORFs coding for proteins associated with mammalian pathogenicity, possibly involved in the occasional but often fatal cases of human C. violaceum infection. There is, in addition, a series of previously unknown but important enzymes and secondary metabolites including paraquat-inducible proteins, drug and heavy-metal-resistance proteins, multiple chitinases, and proteins for the detoxification of xenobiotics that may have biotechnological applications