Adolescent substance use and family problems

Esta pesquisa visou a avaliar a associação entre o consumo de substâncias (álcool, tabaco e drogas ilícitas) e problemas familiares numa amostra de 965 adolescentes em 50 escolas públicas de dois municípios do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, em 2007. Foi utilizado o Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI) para a coleta de dados. O uso de álcool, tabaco e drogas ilícitas foi associado à avaliação negativa da relação familiar, à falta de suporte/monitoramento e ao uso de substâncias por familiares (p < 0,05). Os estudantes que relataram ter feito uso de substâncias apresentaram mais problemas familiares do que aqueles que não consumiram nenhuma substância (p < 0,001). Os adolescentes que usaram álcool e tabaco (p = 0,028) e drogas ilícitas (p < 0,001) relataram ter mais problemas familiares do que aqueles que usaram apenas álcool. Os resultados apontam para a importância de se ficar atento ao consumo de álcool e tabaco entre os adolescentes, já que o relato do consumo das duas substâncias esteve associado a prejuízos familiares significativos, semelhantes ao uso de drogas ilícitas.This study aimed to evaluate the association between substance use (alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs) and family problems among 965 adolescents from 50 public schools in two cities in Sao Paulo State, Brazil, in 2007. The Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI) was used for data collection. Use of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs was associated with a negative assessment of the family relationship, lack of monitoring/support, and psychoactive substance use by family members (p &lt; 0.05). Adolescents that reported having used alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs had more family problems than those who did not consume any substance (p &lt; 0.001). Adolescents that used alcohol and tobacco (p = 0.028) and illicit drugs (p &lt; 0.001) reported having more family problems than those who used only alcohol. The results highlight the importance of awareness of alcohol and tobacco use by adolescents, since such use was associated with significant family impairments, similar to illicit drug use

Gender parity and drug use: are girls catching up with boys?

Objective: To evaluate the association between gender and use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs in adolescents aged 10 to 18 years in the municipalities of Jacare and Diadema, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Methods: A total of 971 adolescents completed the Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI). Results: In our sample, 55% of adolescents were male, 33.8% reported having made use in the previous month of alcohol, 13.5% of cigarettes, and 6.4% of illicit drugs. There was no significant difference between genders in the use of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs in any of the analysis (p &gt; 0.05). The use of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs was associated with the city, age, educational level, school failure, and relationship with parents (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Substance abuse among adolescents in our sample seems to follow the recent global trend towards the equalization of drug use between genders. This result should be taken into account by public health professionals in developing policies for this problem. (C) 2012 Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.Secretaria Nacional Antidrogas (National Secretariat for Drug Policy), Institutional Security Cabinet, Presidency of the Federative Republic of Brazil (SENAD)Secretaria Nacional Antidrogas (National Secretariat for Drug Policy), Institutional Security Cabinet, Presidency of the Federative Republic of Brazil (SENAD) [004/2006

Fatores associados à Depressão Pós-Parto em mulheres em situação de vulnerabilidade social

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar possíveis fatores associados com a depressão pós-parto (DPP), como o uso de substâncias e o suporte psicossocial em uma amostra de 102 mulheres em situação de vulnerabilidade social. O estudo foi realizado com puérperas que residiam provisoriamente no alojamento de um Hospital Maternidade público. Aproximadamente 20% das puérperas apresentaram critérios para a DPP além de um padrão de uso de álcool e maconha superior àquelas que não tinham o transtorno. Observou-se também associação entre violência, falta de suporte psicológico e apoio familiar com a DPP. Observou-se uma associação entre a DPP com outras comorbidades de modo que algumas variáveis estudadas possam estar envolvidas na etiologia e manutenção deste transtorno.This study aimed to evaluate possible factors associated with postpartum depression syndrome (PDD), as the substance abuse and psychosocial support in a sample of 102 women in a social vulnerability condition. The study was conducted with mothers who were residents in specific hospital’s lodging. Almost 20% of mothers showed symptoms to PDD as well as abusive alcohol and marijuana consumption compared with those who did not have PDD. Besides, it was observed an association between lack of psychological and familiar support with PDD. PDD it seems to be associated with other comorbidities so that some of these variables can be linked on the etiology and maintenance of PDD.Este estudo tuvo como objectivo evaluar possibles factores associados con la Depresión Posparto (DPP) como el uso de substancias y apoio psicossocial em 102 mujeres em situación de vulnerabilidad social. El estúdio se realizó com las madres residentes transitórias em la vivienda de un Hospital Maternidad. Aproximadamente 20% de las madres presentaron criterios para el DPP, así como un de consumo de alcohol y marihuana superior a aquellas que no tienen el trastorno. También fue observada uma asociación entre la violencia, falta de apoyo psicológico y de la familia con el DPP. El DPP parece estar asociada con otras enfermedades concomitantes por lo que algunas variables pueden estar implicados en la etiología y el mantenimiento de este trastorno

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost