Influence of essential inorganic elements on flavour formation during yeast fermentation

The relative concentration of available inorganic elements is critical for yeast growth and metabolism and has potential to be a tool leading to directed yeast flavour formation during fermentation. This study investigates the influence of essential inorganic elements during alcoholic fermentation of brewers wort, fermented using three independent yeast strains, Saccharomyces pastorianus W34/70, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains M2 and NCYC2592 under a range of conditions replicated for each yeast strain. 10 treatments were applied: 1 control and 9 inorganic supplementations: standard brewers wort, ammonia–nitrogen, inorganic phosphate, potassium, magnesium, copper, zinc, iron, manganese and a composite mixture, Twenty-five chemical markers were evaluated by HPLC (ethanol, glycerol), and GC–MS (aroma). There was a significant change in volatile aroma compounds during fermentation, which was more prominent when supplemented with ammonia nitrogen, inorganic phosphate, potassium or magnesium (P < 0.05). Heavy metal ions mostly had a negative effect on the flavour formation

Prevalence of long face pattern in brazilian individuals of different ethnic backgrounds

Conclusions: Black individuals had greater prevalence of long face pattern, followed by Brown, White and Yellow individuals. The prevalence of long face pattern was 14.06% in which 13.39% and 0.68% belonged to moderate and severe subtypes, respectively.Objective: The long face pattern is a facial deformity with increased anterior total facial height due to vertical excess of the lower facial third. Individuals with long face may present different degrees of severity in vertical excess, as well as malocclusions that are difficult to manage. The categorization of vertical excess is useful to determine the treatment prognosis. This survey assessed the distribution of ethnically different individuals with vertical excess according to three levels of severity and determined the prevalence of long face pattern. Material and Methods: The survey was comprised of 5,020 individuals of Brazilian ethnicity (2,480 females and 2,540 males) enrolled in middle schools in Bauru-SP, Brazil. The criterion for inclusion of individuals with vertically impaired facial relationships was based on lip incompetence, evaluated under natural light, in standing natural head position with the lips at rest. Once identified, the individuals were classified into three subtypes according to the severity: mild, moderate, and severe. Then the pooled sample was distributed according to ethnical background as White (Caucasoid), Black (African descent), Brown (mixed descent), Yellow (Asian descent) and Brazilian Indian (Brazilian native descent). The Chi-square (χ2 ) test was used (p<0.05) to compare the frequency ratios of individuals with vertically impaired facial relationships in the total sample and among different ethnicities, according to the three levels of severity. Results: The severe subtype was rare, except in Black individuals (7.32%), who also presented the highest relative frequency (45.53%) of moderate subtype, followed by Brown individuals (43.40%). In the mild subtype, Yellow (68.08%) and White individuals (62.21%) showed similar and higher relative frequency values.\ud Conclusions: Black individuals had greater prevalence of long face pattern, followed by Brown, White and Yellow individuals. The prevalence of long face pattern was 14.06% in which 13.39% and 0.68% belonged to moderate and severe subtypes, respectively

Bioaccessibility of carotenoids (β-carotene and lutein) from intact and disrupted microalgae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C. reinhardtii) has a potential as a novel source for food/feed because it contains several constituents including bioactive compounds. However, its multilayer cell wall (hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein [HRPGs]) may restrict the bioaccessibility of its nutrients. Therefore, using disruption techniques such as hydrodynamic cavitation (HDC) can be useful for assessing single cell compounds. This work aims to evaluate the impact of HDC on the bioaccessibility of carotenoids (β-carotene and lutein) from C. reinhardtii. Our results illustrated that digestive enzymes cannot fully break down the cell walls beside HDC process generates their significant change. The intact C. reinhardtii (ICR) and disrupted C. reinhardtii (DCR) have a comparable lutein bioaccessibility, in contrast, DCR decreased the biocessibility of β-carotene. HDC decreased the biocessibility of β-carotene in the small intestine although 37% of total carotenoids from DRC were absorbed

The role of inorganic-phosphate, potassium and magnesium in yeast-flavour formation

Inorganic-phosphate, potassium, and magnesium are key-minerals required for yeast growth, metabolism, and survival, the present work investigated its impact in yeast-flavour formation using a multi-factor experimental design, which was used to generate a range of phosphorous-potassium-magnesium resulting in a 28-point D-optimal design. Samples were evaluated using HPLC (ethanol), GC–MS (aroma), and CountStar (total yeast cell). Results revealed that yeast requires a minimal amount of inorganic-phosphate, potassium, and magnesium (250, 500, and 70 mg/L, respectively) to support yeast-growth and ethanol/flavour formation. Inorganic-phosphate was important for fatty acid esters formation/short chain fatty acid (SCFA) reduction. Potassium was important in the formation of acetate esters/higher alcohols. Magnesium was the most important inorganic element for ester formation/SCFA reduction; furthermore, ethanol production is magnesium-dependent. In conclusion, inorganic phosphate, potassium and magnesium play an important role in yeast-growth, esters and higher alcohols formation; and SCFA reduction. Ethanol formation is Mg-dependent

Proposta de avaliação da qualidade de vida e do bem-estar em áreas verdes urbanas

O panorama das problemáticas urbanas evidencia questões relacionadas à diminuição e ao comprometimento da qualidade de vida nas cidades. Nesse sentido, as áreas verdes são importantes variáveis para a avaliação da qualidade de vida e do bem-estar urbanos. Sob essa ótica, o trabalho objetiva avaliar a qualidade de vida das pessoas a partir da percepção de frequentadores dos dois parques urbanos mais antigos de João Pessoa, PB: o Parque Solon de Lucena (PSL) e o Parque Zoobotânico Arruda Câmara (Pzac). Para isso, foi desenvolvido o índice de bem-estar em áreas verdes (Ibeav), metodologia proposta e adaptada do índice de bem-estar urbano (Ibeu) com indicadores definidos a partir das dimensões mobilidade e acessibilidade, condições ambientais urbanas, condições habitacionais urbanas, serviços coletivos urbanos e infraestrutura urbana. Os resultados obtidos para o Ibeav foram 0,80155 para o PSL e 0,7716 para o Pzac, que indicam boas e médias condições de qualidade de vida, respectivamente. Assim, por meio da metodologia aplicada nos dois parques urbanos, foi possível identificar as dimensões e os indicadores que contribuem para ampliar e/ou reduzir o índice de qualidade de vida de cada espaço avaliado

Proposta de avaliação da qualidade de vida e do bem-estar em áreas verdes urbanas

O panorama das problemáticas urbanas evidencia questões relacionadas à diminuição e ao comprometimento da qualidade de vida nas cidades. Nesse sentido, as áreas verdes são importantes variáveis para a avaliação da qualidade de vida e do bem-estar urbanos. Sob essa ótica, o trabalho objetiva avaliar a qualidade de vida das pessoas a partir da percepção de frequentadores dos dois parques urbanos mais antigos de João Pessoa, PB: o Parque Solon de Lucena (PSL) e o Parque Zoobotânico Arruda Câmara (Pzac). Para isso, foi desenvolvido o índice de bem-estar em áreas verdes (Ibeav), metodologia proposta e adaptada do índice de bem-estar urbano (Ibeu) com indicadores definidos a partir das dimensões mobilidade e acessibilidade, condições ambientais urbanas, condições habitacionais urbanas, serviços coletivos urbanos e infraestrutura urbana. Os resultados obtidos para o Ibeav foram 0,80155 para o PSL e 0,7716 para o Pzac, que indicam boas e médias condições de qualidade de vida, respectivamente. Assim, por meio da metodologia aplicada nos dois parques urbanos, foi possível identificar as dimensões e os indicadores que contribuem para ampliar e/ou reduzir o índice de qualidade de vida de cada espaço avaliado

Impact of Clustering Oral Symptoms in the Pathogenesis of Radiation Caries: A Systematic Review

Radiation-related caries (RRC) is a disease with a high potential for destruction of the dentition, which impairs quality of life in head-and-neck (HN) cancer (HNC) patients who undergo radiotherapy. In light of the recently described “clustering of oral symptoms theory,” the present systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42019132709) aims to assess HN and gastrointestinal (GI) symptom clusters among HNC patients and discusses how these indirect effects of cancer therapy play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of RRC. The search was performed at PubMed, Scopus, and Embase and resulted in 11 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Data extraction was performed with respect to the presence of HN/GI symptom clusters among HNC patients. The methodological data of the studies included were assessed using the MAStARI and GRADE instruments. The most prevalent reported HN symptoms were dysphagia, xerostomia, and pain. Taste alterations and fatigue were also commonly reported by the patients. Loss of appetite and weight loss were regularly reported in the studies, as well as nausea and vomiting. The results of the present study suggest that HNC treatment generates clusters of oral symptoms, leading to dietary changes, impaired oral hygiene, enamel fragility, and a highly cariogenic oral environment, which may impact the risk for RRC. A better understanding of oral symptom clustering could be of considerable clinical significance for the oral health and quality of life of HNC patients. Therefore, contemporary protocols of RRC prevention must take this broader treatment scenario of symptom clusters such as oral side effects into account